PROJECT REPORT

ANALOG ELECTRONICES –III

Title:
Spectrum analyzer and audio amplifier with filters

GROUP MEMBER:
Ghulam Mustafa 140406
Syed Amjed Ali 140166
Jawad Akhter 140221
Section BEE-VI(A)
Spectrum analyzer and audio amplifier with
filters
Introduction:
This project based on six bands with display
circuit and audio amplifier with filters
First we explain part of this projects. At last complete
project explain with designs.

One led bargraph and one lm3915:

Object:-
The object of our this experiment is to light up the led
bargraph by giving 12 Vcc and controlling the brightness with the help
of variable resister.
Circuit:

components:-
One breadboard,
One lm3915,
Variable resister
And some wire,
LM3915:
Lm3915 IC is a integrated circuit that senses analog voltage levels and drives ten
LEDs, LCDs or vacuum fluorescent displays, providing a logarithmic 3 dB/step analog display.
One pin changes the display from a bar graph to a moving dot display. LED current drive is
regulated and programmable, eliminating the need for current limiting resistors. The whole
display system can operate from a single supply as low as 3V or as high as 25V.
Features:

 3 dB/step, 30 dB range
 Drives LEDs, LCDs, or vacuum fluorescents
 Bar or dot display mode externally selectable by user
 Expandable to displays of 90 dB
 Internal voltage reference from 1.2V to 12V
 Operates with single supply of 3V to 25V
 Inputs operate down to ground

Working:-
When we connect our circuit on breadboard with the help
of wire, we tested our circuit in way to give 12 volt to our circuit our
lead bargraph lighted and we control our lead bargraph brightness with the
help of variable resister.
* The basic aim is to light up the led bargraph and control the
brightness of led bargraph with the help of variable resister.

Conclusion:-
The conclusion of our this project is to light
up the led bargraph wth the help of IC LM_3915 and control the brightness
of led bargraph with the help of variable resister.

Two led bargraph and two lm3915:

Object:-
The object of our this experiment is to light up
the led bargraph by giving 12 Vcc and controlling the brightness with
the help of given audio signal at pin 5 of lm3915.
Circuit:

components:-
One breadboard,
two lm3915,
two bargarph
Variable resister
And some wires

Working:-
When we connect our circuit on breadboard with the help
of wire, we tested our circuit in way to give 12 volt to our circuit our
lead bargraph lighted and we control our lead bargraph brightness with the
help of variable resister and give signal at pin 5 of lm3915 to produce
spectrum.
 Audio amplifier
Objective:-
The object of our this project is to connect the
audio amplifier across the mobile and amplify the sound with the help of
speaker.
Circuit:

Components:
* one mobile junks
* one speaker
* breadboard
* One lm386
* Resisters
* Capacitors
* Variable resister
* Some wires
Working:-
In this project we connect our audio amplifier with
mobile through junks and amplify our sound ,for output we use speaker.

Overall spectrum analyzer

Introduction:

In spectrum analyzer we first design six pass bands in which one is low pass, four
are band pass and one is high pass band which design at different frequencies. Outputs of these
band connect with LM3915 IC which connect with bar graphs. Bar graphs display spectrum of
input signal.
 Design:
For low pass band:
f =200
R=1/(2*pi*f*c)
R=1/(6.28*200*0.1uf)
R=7957.74ohm
5=1+Rf/R1
4=Rf/R1 Rf=4k
Rf=4R1 R1=1k

For band pass band:

For f =400
k=2*pi*f*c
R1A=Q/HW, R1B=Q/(2Q^2-H)k , R2=2Q/K
K=2(3.14)(400)(0.1x10^-6)
K=2.512x10^-4
R1A=(1/(5*2.512x10^-4)
R1A= 796ohm
R1B=1/(2(1)^2-5)(2.512x10^-4)
R1B=1326.98ohm
For R2
R2=2(1)/2.512X10^-4
R2=7961.78ohm

For f =600
k=2*pi*f*c
R1A=Q/HW, R1B=Q/(2Q^2-H)k , R2=2Q/K
K=2(3.14)(600)(0.1x10^-6)
K=3.78x10^-4
R1A=(1/(5*3.78x10^-4)
R1A= 530ohm
R1B=1/(2(1)^2-5)(3.78x10^-4)
R1B=881.98ohm
For R2
R2=2(1)/3.78X10^-4
R2=5291.78ohm

For f =800
k=2*pi*f*c
R1A=Q/HW, R1B=Q/(2Q^2-H)k , R2=2Q/K
K=2(3.14)(800)(0.1x10^-6)
K=5.02x10^-4
R1A=(1/(5*5.02x10^-4)
R1A= 398ohm
R1B=1/(2(1)^2-5)(5.024x10^-4)
R1B=664.01ohm
For R2
R2=2(1)/5.024X10^-4
R2=3984.78ohm

For f =1k
k=2*pi*f*c
R1A=Q/HW, R1B=Q/(2Q^2-H)k , R2=2Q/K
K=2(3.14)(1k)(0.1x10^-6)
K=6.28x10^-4
R1A=(1/(5*6.28x10^-4)
R1A= 318ohm
R1B=1/(2(1)^2-5)(6.28x10^-4)
R1B=530.01ohm
For R2
R2=2(1)/6.28X10^-4
R2=3184.71ohm

High pass band

f =4k
R=1/(2*pi*f*c)
R=1/(6.28*4000*0.1uf)
R=397.88ohm
5=1+Rf/R1
4=Rf/R1 Rf=4k
Rf=4R1 R1=1K
 Proteus Simulation:

Layout:
 Audio amplifier with Filters
Introduction:
In this part we give input sound signal to 3 bands(low pass, band pass , high
pass) which design at different frequencies . outputs of these bands connect with lm386 IC
which amplify this signal.
Components:
Lm386
3 lm741
Capacitor
Resisters
Variable resister
Speaker
Switchs
LM386:

Pin Terminals
Terminals 1 and 8 represent the gain control of the amplifier. These are the terminals
where you can adjust the gain by placing a resistor and capacitor or just capacitor
between these terminals. In this circuit, we will place a 10µF capacitor between these
terminals for the highest voltage gain.
Terminals 2 and 3 are the sound input signal terminals. These are the terminals where
you place the sound which you want to amplify. Terminal 2 is the -input and Terminal 3
is the +input. In our circuit, the positive sound signal will be placed on terminal 3 and
terminal 2 will be tied to ground.
Terminal 4 is GND (ground) and will be tied to ground in the circuit.
Terminal 5 is the output of the amplifier. This is the terminal in which the amplified
sound signal comes out.
Terminal 6 is the terminal which receives the positive DC voltage so that the op amp
can receive the power it needs to amplify signals.
Terminal 7 is the Bypass terminal. This can bypass 15KΩ resistors. This pin is usually
left open or is wired to ground. However, for better stability, a capacitor is added in our
circuit because this can prevent oscillations in the op amp chip.

Explanation:
The LM386 amplifies the sound input into it by a factor of 200. All
amplifiers need DC voltage in order to run. The LM386 takes anywhere from 4-12 volts
of DC voltage to operate. The sound signal to be amplified are placed on terminals 2
and 3. The amplified sound signal then exits through terminal 5. After a few capacitors
and a resistor to filter out unwanted noise that may be on this signal, we connect the
speakers to play out the amplified sound.
Working :
We take input sound signal and give to as a inputs of pass bands one
direct input given to lm386 through switch .output of pass bands connect with lm386
through switches . At pin 3 of lm386 use to regulate input signal and change gain .

Design:
 Low pass band
f =1k
R=1/(2*pi*f*c)
R=1/(6.28*1k*0.1uf)
1=-Rf/R1
R1=1K ,Rf=5k

For band pass band:

f =4k
k=2*pi*f*c
R1A=Q/HW, R1B=Q/(2Q^2-H)k , R2=2Q/K
K=2(3.14)(4000)(0.1x10^-6)
K=2.512x10^-4
R1A=(1/(5*2.512x10^-3)
R1A= 1kohm
R1B=1/(2(1)^2-5)(2.512x10^-4)
R1B=500ohm
For R2
R2=2(1)/2.512X10^-4
R2=7963.17ohm
High pass band

f =8k
R=1/(2*pi*f*c)
R=1/(6.28*8000*0.1uf)
R1=1k Rf=5K

Proteus simulation:
Layout: