Mechanical System Design, 27 April 2016

Universiti Malaysia Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia

CHARACTERISTIC & APLICATIONS OF NANOFLUID

H.K TUNG

ABSTRACT
The increasing demand of nanofluids in industrial applications has led to increased
attention from many researchers. This paper was study about the common characteristic
and application of nanofluid in our daily life.

Keywords: Nanofluid, Nano.

INTRODUCTION
Nanofluids are a relatively new class of fluids which consist of a base fluid with
nano-sized particles (1–100 nm) suspended within them. These particles, generally a
metal or metal oxide, increase conduction and convection coefficients, allowing for
more heat transfer out of the coolant [14]. In the past few decades, rapid advances in
nanotechnology have lead to emerging of new generation of coolants called
“nanofluids”. Nanofluids are defined as suspension of nanoparticles in a basefluid.
Some typical nanofluids are ethylene glycol based copper nanofluids and water
based copper oxide nanofluids, Nanofluids are dilute suspensions of functionalized
nanoparticles composite materials developed about a decade ago with the specific
aim of increasing the thermal conductivity of heat transfer fluids, which have now
evolved into a promising nanotechnological area. Such thermal nanofluids for heat
transfer applications represent a class of its own difference from conventional
colloids for other applications.

LITERITURE RIVIEW
A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles.
These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid.[1]
[2]
The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are typically made of metals, oxides,
carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Common base fluids include water, ethylene glycol[3]
and oil. Nanofluids have novel properties that make them potentially useful in many
applications in heat transfer,[4] including microelectronics, fuel cells, pharmaceutical
processes, and hybrid-powered engines,[5] engine cooling/vehicle thermal
management, domestic refrigerator, chiller, heat exchanger,in grinding, machining
and in boiler flue gas temperature reduction. They exhibit enhanced thermal
conductivity and the convective heat transfer coefficient compared to the base fluid.
[6]
Knowledge of the rheological behaviour of nanofluids is found to be very critical
in deciding their suitability for convective heat transfer applications[7][8] Nanofluids
also have special acoustical properties and in ultrasonic fields display additional
shear-wave reconversion of an incident compressional wave; the effect becomes
more pronounced as concentration increases.[9]In analysis such as computational
fluid dynamics (CFD), nanofluids can be assumed to be single phase fluids.
However, almost all of new academic paper use two-phase assumption. Classical
theory of single phase fluids can be applied, where physical properties of nanofluid
is taken as a function of properties of both constituents and their concentrations.[10]
An alternative approach simulates nanofluids using a two-component model. [11] The
spreading of a nanofluid droplet is enhanced by the solid-like ordering structure of
nanoparticles assembled near the contact line by diffusion, which gives rise to a
 structural disjoining pressure in the vicinity of the contact line.[12] However, such
enhancement is not observed for small droplets with diameter of nanometer scale,
because the wetting time scale is much smaller than the diffusion time scale.[13]

CONCLUSIONS
Nanofluids possess the following characteristic [14] which is high specific surface area
and therefore more heat transfer surface between particles and fluids, high dispersion
stability with predominant Brownian motion of particles, and also reduced pumping
power as compared to pure liquid to achieve equivalent heat transfer intensification.
Nanofluid also able to reduced particle clogging as compared to conventional slurries,
thus promoting system miniaturization. Besides, it posted adjustable properties such as
thermal conductivity and surface wettability, by varying particle concentrations to suit
different applications. Hence, Nanofluids are primarily used for their enhanced thermal
properties as coolants in heat transfer equipment such as heat exchangers, electronic
cooling system (such as flat plate) and radiators.[24] Heat transfer over flat plate has been
analyzed by many researchers.[25] However, they are also useful for their controlled
optical properties.[15][16][17][18] Graphene based nanofluid has been found to enhance
Polymerase chain reaction[19] efficiency. Nanofluids in solar collectors is another
application where nanofluids are employed for their tunable optical properties.[20][21]

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