Circular Motion and Practice Sums

Chapter 01 : Circular Motion
01 Circular Motion
Subtopics
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Angular displacement
1.2 Angular velocity and angular

acceleration
1.3 Relation between linear velocity and

angular velocity
1.4 Uniform circular motion
1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M

(Radial acceleration)
1.6 Centripetal and centrifugal forces

Riding on a vertical circular arc, this roller
1.7 Banking of roads coaster fans experience a net force and
acceleration that point towards the centre of the
circle
1.8 Conical pendulum
1.9 Vertical circular motion
1.10 Kinematical equation for circular motion in analogy with linear motion
1
Std. XII : Triumph Physics
iii. Net (linear) acceleration,
Formulae
a= a 2r + a t2 ….(Magnitude only)
1. Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M.): 2
 2
i. Instantaneous angular velocity, =  v + dv 
 r   dt 
∆θ v 2π
ω = lim = = = 2πn =
∆t → 0 ∆t r T iv. Relation between tangential and angular
ii. Average angular velocity, acceleration,
→ → →
θ − θ1 ∆θ a T = α× r = rα
ωav = 2 =
t 2 − t1 ∆t ∴ θ=0
where, 3. Centripetal force:
θ1 = angular position of the body at time
mv 2
t1 i. Centripetal force, Fcp =
θ2 = angular position of the body at time r
t2 = mrω2 = mvω = mr (2πf)2
2
iii. ω = ωav for U.C.M.  2π  4π 2 mr
= mr   =
iv. If a particle makes n rotations in t  T  T2
second, then ii. Magnitude of Centrifugal force
2πn = Magnitude of Centripetal force
ωav =
t mv 2
i.e Fcf = (in magnitude)
v. Angular acceleration = α = 0 r
vi. Instantaneous angular acceleration, iii. When an electron moves round the
∆ω dω d 2θ nucleus of an atom along a circular path,
αinst = lim = = 2 we have
∆t → 0 ∆t dt dt
vii. Average angular acceleration, Ze 2 mv 2
2
= = mω2r
ω −ω1 ∆ω 4πε 0 r r
αave. = 2 =
t 2 − t1 ∆t 4π2 r
= m 4π2 n2r = m
where, ω1 = instantaneous angular speed T2
at time t1 where, Z = atomic number of the
ω2 = instantaneous angular speed at time nucleus.
t2. 4. Motion of a vehicle on a curve road:
viii. Linear acceleration The maximum velocity v, with which a
→ →
vehicle can take a safe turn so that there is no
= centripetal acceleration = ω × v
skidding, is v = µrg
v2 4π2 r
= a = vω = = rω2 = 4π2f2r = where, µ = coefficient of limiting friction
r T2
between the wheels and the road.
1 2π
ix. Time period = T = = 5. Banking of roads:
frequency (f ) ω
The proper velocity or optimum v on a road
x. Relation between linear and angular
→ → →
banked by an angle θ with the horizontal is
velocity: v = ω × r = rω as θ = 90° given by,
2. Non-uniform circular motion:  µ + tan θ 
v= rg  s 
i. Radial component of acceleration,  1− µs tan θ 
v2 where r = radius of curvature of road
ar = − ω2r = −
r g = acceleration due to gravity
ii. Tangential component of acceleration, µs = coefficient of friction between road and
dv tyres
at = when µs = 0, v = rg tan θ
dt
2
6. Vertical Circular Motion: 8. Kinematical equations in circular motion in
i. Velocity at highest point vH ≥ rg analog with linear motion:
i. ω = ω0 + αt
ii. Velocity at the lowest point vL ≥ 5rg 1 2
ii. θ = ω0t + αt
iii. Velocity at a point along horizontal 2
(midway position) vM ≥ 3rg iii. ω 2 = ω02 + 2 αθ
iv. Acceleration at the highest point aH = g
Notes
v. Acceleration at the bottom point aL = 5g
vi. Acceleration along horizontal aM = 3g
1. Radian measure must be used in equations
vii. Tension at top most point, that contain linear and angular quantities.
mv 2B
TH = − mg ≥ 0 2. Finite angular displacement is a scalar
r quantity because it does not obey the laws of
viii. Tension at the lowest point, vector addition.
mv 2A
TL = + mg ≥ 6 mg  →
r 3. In U.C.M., angular velocity  ω  is only
ix. Tension at a point where the string  
makes an angle θ with the lower vertical  →
constant vector but angular acceleration  α 
line  
mv 2  →
Tθ = + mg cos θ and angular displacement  θ  are variable
r  
x. Tension at midway position where vectors.
θ = 90° (i.e. along horizontal) 4. All the points on a rotating body in U.C.M.
2
mv have same ω except centre as it is not
TM = [Qcos 90° = 0]
r rotating.
xi. Total energy at different points at the 5. Instantaneous angular displacement is a
top, bottom and horizontal, vector quantity.
5
EH = EL = EM = mrg 6. Angular speed is a scalar quantity but angular
2 velocity is a vector quantity but both have
xii. Total energy at any point, same units i.e rad/s.
1
E = mv 2 + mgr (1 − cos θ) → → →
2 7. The direction of θ , ω , α is given by the right
hand thumb rule.
7. Conical Pendulum:
i. Angular velocity, 8. The value of ω of earth about its axis is
7 × 10−5 rad/s or 360° per day.
g
a. ω=
l cos θ 9. When a particle moves in a circle with
constant speed, its velocity is variable because
g tan θ of changing direction.
b. ω=
r
10. Circular motion is a two-dimensional motion
2π l cos θ in which the linear velocity and linear
ii. Periodic time = = 2π
ω g acceleration vectors lie in the plane of the
circle but the angular velocity and angular
l sin θ acceleration vectors are perpendicular to the
=π
g tan θ plane of the circle.
iii. Radius of horizontal circle, 11. Centrifugal force is a fictitious force and
r = l sin θ holds good in a rotating frame of reference.
3
12. An observer on the moving particle 24. If a body moves in a cylindrical well (well of
experiences only the centrifugal force, but an death) the velocity required will be minimum
observer stationary with respect to the centre safest velocity and in this case the weight of
can experience or measure only the the body will be balanced by component of
centripetal force. normal reaction and the minimum safest
13. Whenever a particle is in a U.C.M. or non velocity is given by the formula µrg .
U.C.M., centripetal and centrifugal forces act
simultaneously. They are both equal and 25. Cyclist leans his cycle to make an angle to
opposite but do not cancel each other. avoid topling; not to provide centripetal force.
14. Centripetal force and Centrifugal force are 26. If a body is kept at rest at the highest point of
not action-reaction forces as action-reaction convex road and pushed along the surface to
forces act on different bodies. perform circular motion, the body will fall
15. The direction of centripetal force is same r
after travelling a vertical distance of from
whether the rotation of the circular path is 3
clockwise or anticlockwise. the highest point where r is the radius of the
16. Centripetal force is not responsible for circular path.
rotational motion of a body because only 27. When a body moves in a circular path with
torque can produce rotational motion.
constant speed, its linear momentum changes
17. Since the centripetal force acting on a particle at every point, but its kinetic energy remains
in circular motion acts perpendicular to its constant.
displacement (and also its velocity), the work
done by it is always zero. 28. In horizontal uniform circular motion, kinetic
energy and magnitude of linear momentum
18. Centrifuge is an apparatus used to separate
heavier particles from the lighter particles in remains constant, but the direction of linear
a liquid. momentum keeps on changing.
19. Range of acceleration in circular motion 29. Since the centripetal force is not zero for a
90° < θ ≤ 180°. particle in circular motion, the torque acting
→
20. The radius of the curved path is the distance is zero i.e., τ = 0 (as the force is central)
from the centre of curved path to the centre of Hence the angular momentum is constant i.e.
→
gravity of the body. It is to be considered L = constant.
when the centre of gravity of body is at a
height from the surface of road or surface of 30. Whenever the body moves, the force
spherical body. responsible for motion is the vector sum of all
the forces acting at that point.
21. Whenever a car is taking a horizontal turn, the For example, Lift going up and down with
normal reaction is at the inner wheel. acceleration ‘a’.
22. While taking a turn, when car overturns, its 31. If a particle performing circular motion comes
inner wheels leave the ground first. →
to rest momentarily, i.e. v = 0, then it will
23. For a vehicle negotiating a turn along a move along the radius towards the centre and
circular path, if its speed is very high, then the if its radial acceleration is zero, i.e. ar = 0,
vehicle starts skidding outwards. This causes then the body will move along the tangent
the radius of the circle to increase resulting in drawn at that point.
the decrease in the centripetal force.
32. For non uniform circular motion
1
[Q Fcp ∝ ] → → → → →
T a = α× r + ω× v
4
33. When a bucket full of water is rotated in a 5. To find out number of revolutions, always
vertical circle, water will not spill only if apply the formula,
velocity of bucket at the highest point is θ ω t 2πnt
Number of revolutions = = = = nt
≥ gr . 2π 2π 2π
→ →
34. If velocity imparted to body at the lowest 6. Since Fc ⊥ v , therefore, no work is done by
position is equal to 2rg , then it will oscillate the centripetal force. [2π rad = 360° = 1 rev.]
in a semicircle. 7. Angle which, a cyclist should make with the

vertical is the angle of banking along a curved
road.
Mindbenders
8. On frictional surface, for a body performing
1. The maximum velocity with which a vehicle circular motion, the centripetal force is
can go without toppling, is given by provided by the force of friction.
d fS = µN but on horizontal surface N = mg
v= rg = rg tan θ
2h 9. The minimum safe velocity for not
d gdr
where, tan θ = overturning is v =
2h 2h
d = distance between the wheels 10. While rounding a curve on a level road,
h = height of centre of gravity from the road centripetal force required by the vehicle is
g = acceleration due to gravity provided by force of friction between the tyres
and the road.
2. Skidding of an object placed on a rotating
platform: mv2
= F = µR = µmg
The maximum angular velocity of rotation of r
the platform so that object will not skid on it is 11. To avoid dependence on friction for the
ωmax = (µg / r) supply of necessary centripetal force, curved
roads are usually banked by raising outer edge
3. The angle made by the resultant acceleration of the road above the inner edge.
with the radius,
a  12. The angle of banking (θ) is given by,
α = tan−1  t  v2 h
 a r  tan θ = =
rg l − h2
2
where h is height of the outer edge above the

Shortcuts
inner edge and l is length of the road.
1. The basic formula for acceleration is a = ωv. 13. On the same basis, a cyclist has to bend
through an angle θ from his vertical position
2. In U.C.M., if central angle or angular while rounding a curve of radius r with
displacement is given, then simply apply
v2
θ velocity v such that tan θ =
dv = 2v sin to determine change in velocity. rg
2
If θ is very very small, then
3. There are two types of acceleration; ar (radial) v2
and at (tangential) acceleration. tan θ = sin θ =
rg
dv
Formula for ar = ω2r and at = or rα v2 h
dt =
rg l
4. To calculate angular displacement, apply the where h is height of the outer edge from the
1 inner edge and l is the distance between the
formula, θ = ωt + αt2
2 tracks or width of the road.
5
14. Always remember the formulae for velocity of 19. The total energy of any body revolving in a
the body at the top, bottom and at the middle vertical circle is (5/2) mgr.
of a circle with two distinct cases:
i. path is convex 20. The distance travelled by the particle
performing uniform circular motion in t
ii. path is concave
2πr
Remember in both the cases, formula will be seconds is given by the formula, d = t.
different. T
mv2 21. To find out any unknown quantity, if body

i. = mg − N where N is normal
r moves in vertical circle, resolve mg and if the
reaction. body moves in horizontal circle, resolve
mv2 tension or normal reaction.
ii. = N − mg
r
Remember if in the question, it is given that 22. Centripetal Force in Different Situations:
body falls from a certain point then at that
The centripetal
point N = 0. Situation
force
15. Effect of rotation of earth about its axis: i. A particle tied to a Tension in the string
The apparent loss in weight of a body on its string and whirled
surface = mω2 R cos2 φ where in a horizontal
m = mass of body circle
ω = angular velocity of earth ii. Vehicle taking a Frictional force
R = radius of earth turn on a level road exerted by the road
φ = latitude on the tyres
iii. A vehicle on a Weight of the body or
16. In horizontal circle, tension will be equal to speed breaker a component of
mv2 weight
centripetal force i.e. T =
r iv. Revolution of earth Gravitational force
i. The minimum velocity of projection at around the sun exerted by the sun
the lowest point of vertical circle so that
v. Electron revolving Coulomb attraction
the string slacken at the highest point, is
around the nucleus exerted by the
given by vL = 5gr in an atom protons on electrons
ii. velocity at the highest point is vH = gr vi. A charged particle Magnetic force
describing a exerted by the
17. If TL is the tension at the lowest point and TH circular path in a magnetic field
is the tension at the highest point then magnetic field
TL − TH = 6 mg vii. Coin placed on disk In this case frictional
18. When force gives necessary
centripetal force.
i. vL = 2gr , the body moves in a vertical
viii. Car moving on a N sin θ gives
semicircle about the lowest point L, smooth banked necessary centripetal
ii. vL < 2gr , then the body oscillates in a road force.
circular arc smaller than the semicircle. ix. Passenger sitting in Necessary centripetal
iii. For a motor cyclist to loop a vertical a turning car force is provided by
loop, vL > 5gr and vH > gr seat and passenger.
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9. An electric motor of 12 horse-power generates
Classical Thinking an angular velocity of 125 rad/s. What will be
the frequency of rotation?
1.1 Angular displacement
(A) 20 (B) 20/π
1. The angular displacement in circular motion is (C) 20/2π (D) 40
(A) dimensional quantity. 10. The ratio of angular speeds of seconds hand
(B) dimensionless quantity. and hour hand of a watch is
(C) unitless and dimensionless quantity. (A) 1 : 720 (B) 60 : 1
(D) unitless quantity. (C) 1 : 60 (D) 720 : 1
2. Angular displacement is measured in 11. A body moves with constant angular velocity
(A) metre. (B) time. on a circle. Magnitude of angular acceleration
(C) radian. (D) steradian. is
(A) rω2 (B) constant
3. A flywheel rotates at a constant speed of (C) zero (D) rω
3000 r.p.m. The angle described by the shaft
in one second is 12. A wheel having a diameter of 3 m starts from
(A) 3 π rad (B) 30 π rad rest and accelerates uniformly to an angular
velocity of 210 r.p.m. in 5 seconds. Angular
(C) 100 π rad (D) 3000 π rad
acceleration of the wheel is
1.2 Angular velocity and angular (A) 4.4 rad s−2 (B) 3.3 rad s−2
acceleration (C) 2.2 rad s−2 (D) 1.1 rad s−2
→ →
4. Direction of α× r is 1.3 Relation between linear velocity and
angular velocity
(A) tangent to path.
→
(B) perpendicular to path. 13. The vector relation between linear velocity v ,
(C) parallel to the path. → →
(D) along the path. angular velocity ω and radius vector r is
given by
5. What is the angular speed of the seconds hand → → → → → →
of a watch? (A) v = ω×r (B) v = r + ω
→ → → → → →
(A) 60 rad/s (B) π rad/s (C) v = ω. r (D) v = r − ω
(C) π/30 rad/s (D) 2 rad/s
14. A wheel has circumference C. If it makes
6. The angular velocity of a particle rotating in a f r.p.s., the linear speed of a point on the
circular orbit 100 times per minute is circumference is
(A) 1.66 rad/s (B) 10.47 rad/s (A) 2πfC (B) fC
(C) 10.47 deg/s (D) 60 deg/s (C) fC/2π (D) fC/60
7. A body of mass 100 g is revolving in a 15. A body is whirled in a horizontal circle of
horizontal circle. If its frequency of rotation is radius 20 cm. It has angular velocity of
3.5 r.p.s. and radius of circular path is 0.5 m, 10 rad/s. What is its linear velocity at any
the angular speed of the body is point on circular path?
(A) 18 rad/s (B) 20 rad/s (A) 10 m/s (B) 2 m/s
(C) 22 rad/s (D) 24 rad/s (C) 20 m/s (D) 2 m/s
8. What is the angular velocity of the earth? 16. A particle moves in a circular path, 0.4 m in
2π 2π radius, with constant speed. If particle makes
(A) rad/s (B) rad/s 5 revolutions in each second of its motion, the
86400 3600 speed of the particle is
2π 2π (A) 10.6 m/s (B) 11.2 m/s
(C) rad/s (D) rad/s
24 6400 (C) 12.6 m/s (D) 13.6 m/s
7
17. A particle P is moving in a circle of radius ′r′ 23. A car travels due north with a uniform
with a uniform speed v. C is the centre of the velocity. As the car moves over muddy area,
circle and AB is a diameter. When passing mud sticks to the tyre. The particles of the
through B, the angular velocity of P about A mud as it leaves the ground are thrown
and C are in the ratio v (A) vertically upwards.
(A) 1 : 1 (B) vertically inwards.
(B) 1 : 2 (C) towards north.
A C r B
(C) 2 : 1 2r P (D) towards south.
(D) 4 : 1
1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M. (Radial
acceleration)
1.4 Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M.)
24. A particle in U.C.M. possesses linear
18. In uniform circular motion, acceleration since
(A) both velocity and acceleration are (A) its linear speed changes continuously.
constant. (B) both magnitude and direction of linear
(B) velocity changes and acceleration is velocity change continuously.
constant. (C) direction of linear velocity changes
(C) velocity is constant and acceleration continuously.
changes. (D) its linear speed does not change
(D) both velocity and acceleration change. continuously.
19. A particle moves along a circular orbit with 25. The acceleration of a particle in U.C.M. directed
constant angular velocity. This necessarily towards centre and along the radius is called
means, (A) centripetal acceleration.
(A) its motion is confined to a single plane. (B) centrifugal acceleration.
(B) its motion is not confined to a single (C) gravitational acceleration.
plane. (D) tangential acceleration.
(C) nothing can be said regarding the plane
of motion. 26. In an inertial frame of reference, a body
(D) its motion is one-dimensional. performing uniform circular motion in
clockwise direction has
20. Select the WRONG statement. (A) constant velocity.
(A) In U.C.M. linear speed is constant. (B) zero angular acceleration.
(B) In U.C.M. linear velocity is constant. (C) centripetal acceleration.
(C) In U.C.M. magnitude of angular (D) tangential acceleration.
momentum is constant.
(D) In U.C.M. angular velocity is constant. 27. An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm as
measured from the axis of rotation. If the fan
21. If a particle moves in a circle describing equal is rotating at 1200 r.p.m., the acceleration of a
angles in equal intervals of time, the velocity point on the tip of the blade is about
vector (A) 1600 cm/s2 (B) 4740 cm/s2
(A) remains constant. (C) 2370 cm/s 2
(D) 5055 cm/s2
(B) changes in magnitude only.
(C) changes in direction only. 28. The diameter of a flywheel is 1.2 m and it
(D) changes both in magnitude and direction. makes 900 revolutions per minute. Calculate
the acceleration at a point on its rim.
22. A particle moves along a circle with a uniform (A) 540 π2 m/s2 (B) 270 m/s2
speed v. After the position vector has made an 2
(C) 360 π m/s 2
(D) 540 m/s2
angle of 30° with the reference position, its
speed will be 29. The angular speed (in rev/min) needed for a
v centrifuge to produce an acceleration of
(A) v 2 (B) 1000 g at a radius arm of 10 cm is
2 (Take g = 10 m/s2)
v (A) 1500 rev/min (B) 4000 rev/min
(C) (D) v
3 (C) 2000 rev/min (D) 3000 rev/min
8
30. If the angle between tangential acceleration and 37. When a car is going round a circular track, the
resultant acceleration in non U.C.M. is α, then resultant of all the forces on the car in an
direction of the resultant acceleration will be inertial frame is
a  a  (A) acting away from the centre.
(A) tan−1  t  (B) tan−1  r  (B) acting towards the centre.
 ar   at 
(C) zero.
a  a  (D) acting tangential to the track.
(C) tan−1  r  (D) tan−1  t 
 aα   aα 
38. Place a coin on gramophone disc near its
31. A car is moving along a circular road at a centre and set the disc into rotation. As the
speed of 20 m/s. The radius of circular road is speed of rotation increases, the coin will slide
10 m. If the speed is increased at the rate of away from the centre of the disc. The motion
30 m/s2, what is the resultant acceleration at of coin is due to
that moment? (A) radial force towards centre.
(A) 10 m/s2 (B) 50 m/s2 (B) non-conservative force.
(C) 250 m/s2 (D) 80 m/s2
(C) centrifugal force.
1.6 Centripetal and centrifugal forces (D) centripetal force.
32. The force required to keep a body in uniform 39. If p is the magnitude of linear momentum of a
circular motion is particle executing a uniform circular motion,
(A) centripetal force. then the ratio of centripetal force acting on
(B) centrifugal force. the particle to its linear momentum is given by
(C) frictional force.
r v2
(D) breaking force. (A) (B)
v mr
33. A vehicle moving on a horizontal road may be v
thrown outward due to (C) (D) v.r
(A) gravitational force. r
(B) normal reaction. 40. A racing car of mass 102 kg goes around a
(C) frictional force between tyres and road. circular track (horizontal) of radius 10 m. The
(D) lack of proper centripetal force. maximum thrust that track can withstand is
34. Select the WRONG statement. 105 N. The maximum speed with which car
(A) Centrifugal force has same magnitude as can go around is
that of centripetal force. (A) 10 m/s (B) 100 m/s
(B) Centrifugal force is along the radius, (C) 50 m/s (D) 20 m/s
away from the centre.
(C) Centrifugal force exists in inertial frame 41. Two particles of equal masses are revolving in
of reference. circular paths of radii r1 and r2 respectively
(D) Centrifugal force is called pseudo force, with the same speed. The ratio of their
as its origin cannot be explained. centripetal forces is
35. An important consequence of centrifugal force r2 r2
(A) (B)
is that the earth is, r1 r1
(A) bulged at poles and flat at the equator. 2 2
(B) flat at poles and bulged at the equator.  r1   r2 
(C)   (D)  
(C) high tides and low tides.  r2   r1 
(D) rising and setting of sun.
42. A 10 kg object attached to a nylon cord
36. Fats can be separated from milk in a cream
outside a space vehicle is rotating at a speed of
separator because of
5 m/s. If the force acting on the cord is 125 N,
(A) cohesive force.
its radius of path is
(B) gravitational force.
(C) centrifugal force. (A) 2 m (B) 4 m
(D) viscous force. (C) 6 m (D) 1 m
9
43. The breaking tension of a string is 50 N. A 50. If the radius of the circular track decreases,
body of mass 1 kg is tied to one end of a 1 m then the angle of banking
long string and whirled in a horizontal circle. (A) increases.
The maximum speed of the body should be (B) decreases.
(A) 5 2 m/s (B) 10 m/s (C) first increases then decreases.
(C) 7.5 m/s (D) 5 m/s (D) does not change.
44. A proton of mass 1.6 × 10–27 kg goes round in 1.8 Conical Pendulum
a circular orbit of radius 0.12 m under a 51. When the bob of a conical pendulum is
centripetal force of 6 × 10–14 N. Then the moving in a horizontal circle at constant
frequency of revolution of the proton is about speed, which quantity is fixed?
(A) 1.25 × 106 cycles per second (A) Velocity (B) Acceleration
(B) 2.50 × 106 cycles per second (C) Centripetal force (D) Kinetic energy
(C) 3.75 × 106 cycles per second
(D) 5.00 × 106 cycles per second 52. The period of a conical pendulum is
(A) equal to that of a simple pendulum of
1.7 Banking of roads same length l.
45. The safety speed of a vehicle on a curve (B) more than that of a simple pendulum of
horizontal road is same length l.
(A) µrg (B) µrg
(C) less than that of a simple pendulum of
same length l.
(C) µr2g (D) µ/(rg)2 (D) independent of length of pendulum.
46. The safe speed of a vehicle on a horizontal 53. Consider a simple pendulum of length 1 m. Its
curve road is independent of bob performs a circular motion in horizontal
(A) mass of vehicle. plane with its string making an angle 60° with
(B) coefficient of friction between road the vertical. The centripetal acceleration
surface and tyre of vehicle. experienced by the bob is
(C) radius of curve. (A) 17.3 m/s2 (B) 5.8 m/s2
(D) acceleration due to gravity. (C) 10 m/s 2
(D) 5 m/s2
47. The rail tracks are banked on the curves so that 54. A particle of mass 1 kg is revolved in a
(A) resultant force will be decreased. horizontal circle of radius 1 m with the help of a
(B) weight of train may be reduced. string. If the maximum tension the string can
(C) centrifugal force may be balanced by the withstand is 16π2 N, then the maximum
horizontal component of the normal frequency with which the particle can revolve is
reaction of the rail.
(A) 3 Hz (B) 2 Hz
(D) frictional force may be produced
(C) 4 Hz (D) 5 Hz
between the wheels and tracks.
1.9 Vertical Circular Motion
48. The angle of banking of the road does not
depend upon 55. When a particle is moved in a vertical circle,
(A) acceleration due to gravity. (A) it has constant radial and tangential
(B) radius of curvature of the road. acceleration.
(C) mass of the vehicle. (B) it has variable tangential and radial
(D) speed of the vehicle. acceleration.
(C) it has only constant radial acceleration.
49. For a banked curved road, the necessary
(D) it has only constant tangential
centripetal force on any vehicle is provided by
acceleration.
(A) vertical component of normal reaction
of the vehicle. 56. For a particle moving in a vertical circle,
(B) horizontal component of the normal (A) kinetic energy is constant.
reaction of the vehicle. (B) potential energy is constant.
(C) both vertical and horizontal components (C) neither K.E. nor P.E. is constant.
of the normal reaction of the vehicle. (D) both kinetic energy and potential energy
(D) weight of the vehicle. are constant.
10
57. If a stone is tied to one end of the string and 63. A body of mass m is tied to a string of length l
whirled in vertical circle, then the tension in and whirled in a vertical circle. The velocity
the string at the lowest point is equal to of the body at the lowest position is u. Then
(A) centripetal force. the tension in the string at a position when the
(B) the difference between centripetal force string makes an angle θ with the vertical is
and weight of the stone. mu 2
(C) the addition of the centripetal force and (A)
l
weight of the stone.
(D) weight of the stone. mu 2
(B) + mg cos θ
l
58. If a body is tied to a string and whirled in
mu 2
vertical circle, then the tension in the string at (C) + mg(2cos θ − 3)
the highest position is l
(A) maximum. mu 2
(D) + mg(3cos θ − 2)
(B) minimum. l
(C) between maximum and minimum values.
(D) zero. 64. A motorcyclist rides in a horizontal circle
along the inner wall of cylindrical chamber of
59. A body of mass m is suspended from a string radius r. If the coefficient of friction between
of length l. What is minimum horizontal the tyres and the wall is µ, the minimum
velocity that should be given to the body in its angular speed to prevent him from sliding
lowest position so that it may complete one down is
full revolution in the vertical plane with the 1
point of suspension as the centre of the circle (A) rµ g (B) µg
r
(A) v = 2lg (B) v = 3l g
g rµ
(C) v= 4l g (D) v= 5l g (C) (D)
rµ g
60. If the overbridge is concave instead of being 65. A particle is moving in a vertical circle. If v1 is
convex, the thrust on the road at the lowest the velocity of particle at highest point and v2
position will be is the velocity of particle at lowest point, then
mv 2 mv 2 the relation between v1 and v2 is
(A) mg + (B) mg −
r r (A) v1 = v2
2 2 2
m vg vg (B) v1 < v2
(C) (D)
r r (C) v2 = 5 v1
61. A motor cycle is going on an over bridge of (D) v1 = 5 v2
radius R. The driver maintains a constant
speed. As motor cycle is descending, normal 1.10 Kinematical equations in circular
force on it motion in analogy with linear motion
(A) increases (B) decreases
66. Calculate the angular acceleration of a
(C) remain the same (D) fluctuates
centrifuge which is accelerated from rest to
62. A particle of mass m tied with string is 350 r.p.s. in 220 s.
revolving in vertical circular motion with (A) 10 rad s−2 (B) 20 rad s−2
same speed. Maximum possibility of breaking (C) 25 rad s −2
(D) 30 rad s−2
the string is at point
A
67. A wheel rotates with constant acceleration of
m 2.0 rad/s2. If the wheel has an initial angular
velocity of 4 rad/s, then the number of
B C revolutions it makes in the first ten seconds
will be approximately,
D (A) 16 (B) 22
(A) A (B) B
(C) C (D) D (C) 24 (D) 20
11
Miscellaneous
Critical Thinking
68. A car is moving at a speed of 72 km/hr. The
diameter of its wheel is 0.5 m. If the wheels 1.1 Angular displacement
are stopped in 20 rotations applying brakes,
then angular retardation produced by the 1. A wheel rotates with a constant angular
brakes would be velocity of 300 r.p.m. The angle through
(A) − 45.5 rad/s2 (B) − 33.5 rad/s2 which the wheel rotates in one second is
(C) − 25.48 rad/s2 (D) − 50.9 rad/s2 (A) π rad (B) 5 π rad
69. A particle of mass 2 kg is rotating by means of (C) 10 π rad (D) 20 π rad
a string in a vertical circle. The difference in 2. For a particle in a non-uniform accelerated
the tensions at the bottom and the top would circular motion,
be
(A) velocity is radial and acceleration is
(A) 12 kg wt (B) 2 kg wt transverse only.
(C) > 12 kg wt (D) < 12 kg wt
(B) velocity is transverse and acceleration is
70. A particle does uniform circular motion in a radial only.
horizontal plane. The radius of the circle is (C) velocity is radial and acceleration has
20 cm. If the centripetal force F is kept both radial and transverse components.
constant but the angular velocity is doubled, (D) velocity is transverse and acceleration
the new radius of the path (original radius R) has both radial and transverse
will be components.
(A) R/4 (B) R/2
(C) 2R (D) 4R 1.2 Angular velocity and angular
acceleration
The physics of …..
3. A wheel completes 2000 revolutions to cover
A trapeze act in a circus….
the 9.5 km distance. Then the diameter of the
wheel is
(A) 1.5 m (B) 1.5 cm
(C) 7.5 cm (D) 7.5 m
4. The ratio of angular speed of second hand to
that of the minute hand of a clock is
(A) 60 : 1 (B) 1 : 60
(C) 1 : 1 (D) 1 : 6
5. What is the angular speed of the minute hand
of the clock in degrees per second?
(A) 0.01 (B) 0.1
(C) 1.0 (D) 0.001
6. A particle is describing the circular path of
radius 20 m in every 2 s. The average angular
In a circus, a man hangs upside down from speed of the particle during 4 s is
a trapeze, legs bent over the bar and arms
(A) 20 π rad s−1 (B) 4 π rad s−1
downward, holding his partner. Is it harder
for the man to hold his partner when the (C) π rad s −1
(D) 2π rad s−1
partner hangs straight downward and is
7. Calculate the angular acceleration if a
stationary or when the partner is swinging
flywheel gains a speed of 540 r.p.m. in
through the straight-down position?
6 seconds.
The answer is at the end of this chapter. (A) 3π rad s–2 (B) 6π rad s–2
(C) 9π rad s–2 (D) 12π rad s–2
12
8. A particle is in circular motion in a horizontal 15. A wheel is 0.25 m in radius. When it makes
plane. It has angular velocity of 10 π rad/s at 15 revolutions per minute, its linear speed at a
the end of 2 s and angular velocity 15 π rad/s point on circumference is
at the end of 4 s. The angular acceleration of π π
particle is (A) m/s (B) m/s
2 8
(A) 5 π rad/s2 (B) 2.5 π rad/s2
π
(C) 7.5 π rad/s2 (D) 2 π rad/s2 (C) m/s (D) π m/s
4
9. Angular displacement (θ) of a flywheel varies
with time as θ = 2t + 3t2 radian. The angular 16. A stone tied to the end of a string of length
acceleration at t = 2 s is given by 50 cm is whirled in a horizontal circle with a
(A) 14 rad/s2 (B) 18 rad/s2 constant speed. If the stone makes
(C) 6 rad/s 2
(D) 16 rad/s2 40 revolutions in 20 s, then the speed of the
stone along the circle is
1.3 Relation between linear velocity and (A) π/2 ms–1 (B) π ms–1
angular velocity –1
(C) 2 π ms (D) 4π ms–1
10. The linear velocity of a particle on the N-pole
of the earth is 17. The radius of the earth is 6400 km. The linear
(A) zero. (B) 486 km/hr velocity of a point on the equator is nearly
(C) infinite. (D) 125 m/s (A) 1600 km/hr (B) 1675 km/hr
(C) 1500 km/hr (D) 1800 km/hr
11. To enable a particle to describe a circular path,
what should be the angle between its velocity 18. What is the value of linear velocity if
and acceleration? → →
(A) 0° (B) 45° ω = 3iˆ − 4ˆj + kˆ and r = 5iˆ − 6ˆj + 6kˆ ?

(C) 90° (D) 180° (A) 6iˆ + 2jˆ − 3kˆ (B) −18iˆ − 13jˆ + 2kˆ
12. A body revolves n times in a circle of radius (C) 4iˆ − 13jˆ + 6kˆ (D) 6iˆ − 2ˆj + 8kˆ
π cm in one minute. Its linear velocity is
60 2n 19. If the equation for the displacement of a
(A) cm/s (B) cm/s particle moving on a circular path is given by
2n 60
θ = 2t3 + 0.5, where θ is in radian and t is in
2π 2n 2π2n 2
(C) cm/s (D) cm/s seconds, then the angular velocity of the
60 60 particle at t = 2 s is
13. The second’s hand of a watch has length 6 cm. (A) 8 rad/s (B) 12 rad/s
Speed of end point and magnitude of (C) 24 rad/s (D) 36 rad/s
difference of velocities at two perpendicular
positions will be 1.4 Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M.)
(A) 6.28 and 0 mm/s
20. A particle covers equal distances around a
(B) 8.88 and 4.44 mm/s circular path in equal intervals of time. Which
(C) 8.88 and 6.28 mm/s of the following quantities connected with the
(D) 6.28 and 8.88 mm/s motion of the particle remains constant with
14. Two cars C1 and C2 are going round in time?
concentric circles of radii R1 and R2. They (A) Displacement (B) Velocity
complete the circular paths in the same time. (C) Speed (D) Acceleration
Speed of C1
Then = 21. A particle performing uniform circular motion has
Speed of C2
(A) radial velocity and radial acceleration.
(A) 1
(B) R1/R2 (B) radial velocity and transverse acceleration.
(C) R2/R1 (C) transverse velocity and radial acceleration.
(D) can not be determined as data is (D) transverse velocity and transverse
insufficient acceleration.
13
22. Assertion: In circular motion, the centripetal 28. A particle is moving on a circular path with
and centrifugal forces acting in opposite constant speed, then its acceleration will be
direction balance each other. (A) zero.
Reason: Centripetal and centrifugal forces (B) external radial acceleration.
don’t act at the same time. (C) internal radial acceleration.
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason (D) constant acceleration.
is a correct explanation for Assertion
29. Two particles A and B are located at distances
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; Reason
rA and rB respectively from the centre of a
is not a correct explanation for Assertion
rotating disc such that rA > rB. In this case, if
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False
(D) Assertion is False but Reason is True. angular velocity ω of rotation is constant then
(A) both A and B do not have any
1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M. (Radial acceleration.
acceleration) (B) both A and B have same acceleration.
(C) A has greater acceleration than B.
23. A car is travelling at a given instant 40 m/s on
(D) B has greater acceleration than A.
a circular road of radius 400 m. Its speed is
increasing at the rate of 3 m/s. Its tangential 30. A particle goes round a circular path with
acceleration is uniform speed v. After describing half the
(A) 4 m/s2 (B) 3 m/s2 circle, what is the change in its centripetal
2
(C) 5 m/s (D) 2 m/s2 acceleration?
24. For a particle in circular motion, the v2 2v 2
(A) (B)
centripetal acceleration r r
2
(A) is less than its tangential acceleration. 2v v2
(B) is equal to its tangential acceleration. (C) (D)
πr πr
(C) is more than its tangential acceleration.
(D) may be more or less than its tangential 31. ar and at represent radial and tangential
acceleration. accelerations respectively. The motion of the
particle is uniformly circular only if
25. If a body moves with constant speed along a (A) ar = 0 and at = 0
curved path, its tangential acceleration is (B) ar = 0 and at ≠ 0
(A) zero.
(C) ar ≠ 0 and at = 0
(B) is parallel to its velocity.
(D) ar ≠ 0 and at ≠ 0
(C) perpendicular to its velocity.
(D) can make any arbitrary angle with its 1.6 Centripetal and centrifugal forces
velocity.
32. A body is revolving with a constant speed
26. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop of along a circle. If its direction of motion is
radius 1 km with a steady speed of 900 km/h. reversed but the speed remains the same, then
Ratio of its centripetal acceleration to which of the following statements is true?
acceleration due to gravity is (A) The centripetal force will not suffer any
(A) 9.2 (B) 6.25 change in magnitude.
(C) 5.0 (D) 8.25 (B) The centripetal force will have its
27. A turn table which is rotating uniformly has a direction reversed.
particle placed on it. As seen from the ground, (C) The centripetal force will suffer change
the particle goes in a circle with speed 20 cm/s in direction.
and acceleration 20 cm/s2. The particle is now (D) The centripetal force would be doubled.
shifted to a new position where radius is half 33. A cylindrical vessel partially filled with water
of the original value. The new values of speed is rotated about its vertical central axis. Its
and acceleration will be surface will
(A) 10 cm/s, 10 cm/s2 (A) rise equally.
(B) 10 cm/s, 80 cm/s2 (B) rise from the sides.
(C) 40 cm/s, 10 cm/s2 (C) rise from the middle.
(D) 40 cm/s, 40 cm/s2 (D) lowered equally.
14
34. A car of mass 840 kg moves on a circular path 41. A small coin is kept at the rim of a horizontal
with constant speed of 10 m/s. It is turned circular disc which is set into rotation about
through 90° after travelling 660 m on the road. vertical axis passing through its centre. If
The centripetal force acting on the car is radius of the disc is 5 cm and µs = 0.25, then
(A) 324 N (B) 2640 N the angular speed at which the coin will just
(C) 284 N (D) 200 N slip is
(A) 5 rad/s (B) 7 rad/s
35. A body of mass 500 g is revolving in a (C) 10 rad/s (D) 4.9 rad/s
horizontal circle of radius 0.49 m. The
centripetal force acting on it (if its period is 42. A string breaks under a load of 4 kg. A mass
11 s) will be weighing 200 g is attached to the end of this
(A) 0.008 N (B) 8.0 N string which is one metre long and rotated
horizontally. The angular velocity of rotation
(C) 0.8 N (D) 0.08 N
when the string breaks, is nearly (g = 10 m/s2)
36. The ratio of centripetal forces on two electrons (A) 16 rad/s (B) 14 rad/s
which are revolving around nucleus of (C) 12 rad/s (D) 20 rad/s
hydrogen atom in 2nd and 3rd orbits
43. A bend in a level road has a radius of 100 m.
respectively is The maximum speed with which a car turning
(A) 27 : 8 (B) 81 : 16 this bend without skidding, if coefficient of
(C) 8 : 27 (D) 16 : 81 friction between the tyres and the surface of
the road is 0.8, will be (g = 9.8 m/s2)
37. A mass 2 kg describes a circle of radius 1.0 m
(A) 20 m/s (B) 24 m/s
on a smooth horizontal table at a uniform
speed. It is joined to the centre of the circle by (C) 28 m/s (D) 32 m/s
a string, which can just withstand 32 N. The 44. When the road is dry and the coefficient of
greatest number of revolutions per minute the friction is µ, the maximum speed of a car in a
mass can make is circular path is 10 ms–1. If the road becomes
(A) 38 (B) 4 µ
(C) 76 (D) 16 wet and µ′ = , then what is the maximum
2
38. A particle performs uniform circular motion in speed permitted?
a horizontal plane. The radius of the circle is (A) 5 ms–1 (B) 10 ms–1
20 cm. The centripetal force acting on the (C) 10 2 ms–1 (D) 5 2 ms–1
particle is 10 N. Its kinetic energy is
45. A car moves at a speed of 36 km hr–1 on a
(A) 0.1 J (B) 0.2 J level road. The coefficient of friction between
(C) 2.0 J (D) 1.0 J the tyres and the road is 0.8. The car
negotiates a curve of radius R. If g = 10 ms–2,
39. A coin placed on a rotating turn-table slips
then the car will skid (or slip) while
when it is placed at a distance of 9 cm from
negotiating the curve if the value R is
the centre. If the angular velocity of the turn-
table is trippled, it will just slip if its distance (A) 20 m (B) 12 m
from the centre is (C) 14 m (D) 16 m
(A) 27 cm (B) 9 cm 46. On a dry road, the maximum permissible
(C) 3 cm (D) 1 cm speed of a car in a circular path is 12 ms−1. If
the road becomes wet, then the maximum
40. A body is kept on a horizontal disc of radius
speed is 4 2 ms−1. If the coefficient of
2 m at a distance of 1m from the centre. The
coefficient of friction between the body and friction for dry road is µ, then that for the wet
the surface of disc is 0.4. The speed of rotation road is
of the disc at which the body starts slipping is 2 µ
(A) µ (B)
(g = 10 m/s2) 9 3
(A) 2 rad/s (B) 4 rad/s 2µ 3
(C) (D) µ
(C) 0.2 rad/s (D) 0.4 rad/s 3 4
15
47. A body moves along circular path of radius 1.7 Banking of roads
50 m and the coefficient of friction is 0.4.
53. On a railway curve, the outside rail is laid
What should be its angular velocity in rad/s if
higher than the inside one so that resultant
it is not to slip from the surface?
force exerted on the wheels of the rail car by
(g = 9.8 m/s2)
the tops of the rails will
(A) 2.8 (B) 0.28
(A) have a horizontal inward component.
(C) 0.27 (D) 2.7
(B) be vertical.
48. A crate of egg is located in the middle of the (C) equilibrate the centripetal force.
flat bed of a pick up truck as the truck (D) be decreased.
negotiates an unbanked curve in the road. The
54. A motor cyclist moves round a circular track
curve may be regarded as an arc of circle of
radius 35 m. If the coefficient of friction with a certain speed and leans at an angle θ1.
between the crate and the flat bed of the truck If he doubles the speed, then he has to lean
is 0.6, the speed with which the truck should inward at an angle θ2. Then
turn so that the crate does not slide over the (A) θ2 = 4 θ1
bed is (B) θ2 = 2 θ1
(A) 14.3 m/s (B) 10.3 m/s (C) tan θ1 = 4 tan θ2
(C) 12.3 m/s (D) 15.3 m/s (D) tan θ2 = 4 tan θ1
49. The maximum frictional force between the 55. A railway track is banked for a speed v, by
tyres of a car and the road is 0.5 mg. The car making the height of the outer rail h higher
negotiates a curve of radius 10 metre. The than that of the inner rail. If the distance
velocity is between the rails is l and the radius of
(A) 10 m/s (B) 7 m/s curvature of the track is r, then
(C) 4.9 m/s (D) 14.2 m/s v2
h
(A) =
50. A car of mass 1000 kg moves on a circular l rg
path with constant speed of 12 m/s. It turned 2
 h  v
through 90° after travelling 471 m on the road. (B) tan sin −1    =
  l   rg
The centripetal force acting on the car is
2
(A) 320 N (B) 480 N –1 h v
(C) tan   = rg
(C) 640 N (D) 1280 N l
51. A road is 10 m wide. Its radius of curvature is h v2
(D) =
50 m. The outer edge is above the lower edge r lg
by a distance of 1.5 m. This road is most
suited for the velocity 56. A car is moving on a circular path and takes a
(A) 2.6 m/s (B) 4.6 m/s turn. If R1 and R2 be the reactions on the inner
(C) 6.6 m/s (D) 8.6 m/s and outer wheels respectively, then
(A) R1 = R2 (B) R1 < R2
52. A train has to negotiate a curve of radius
(C) R1 > R2 (D) R1 ≥ R2
400 m. The speed of the train is 72 km/hour.
The horizontal distance is to be raised with 57. A railway line is banked with an angle of
respect to the inner radius by h. If distance 0.01 radians. The height of the outer rail over
between rail is l = 1 m, the value of h will be inner rail, if the distance between the two rails
(g = 10 m/s2) of 1.5 m, will be
(A) 15 cm (B) 10 cm (A) 0.025 m (B) 0.035 m
(C) 5 cm (D) 2.5 cm (C) 0.015 m (D) 0.045 m
16
58. If angle of banking is sin−1 (0.2) and normal 65. A circular racing car track has a radius of
reaction is 2000 N then the weight of the car is curvature of 500 m. The maximum speed of
(A) 1959.6 N (B) 2000.8 N the car is 180 km/hr. The angle of banking θ is
(C) 21000 N (D) 22000 N (g = 10 m/s2)
59. A bus is moving in a circular horizontal track (A) θ = tan−1 (0) (B) θ = tan−1 (0.5)
of radius 10 m with a constant speed 10 m/s. (C) θ = tan−1 (0.3) (D) θ = tan−1 (0.1)
A plumb bob is suspended from the roof of the
bus by a light rigid rod of length 1.0 m. The 66. A cyclist with combined mass 80 kg goes
angle made by the rod with the track is around a curved road with a uniform speed
(Take g = 10 m/s2) 20 m/s. He has to bend inward by an angle
(A) zero (B) 30° θ = tan−1 (0.50) with the vertical. The force of
(C) 45° (D) 60° friction acting at the point of contact of tyres
and road surface is
60. A road is 8 m wide. Its radius of curvature is
40 m. The outer edge is above the lower edge (g = 10 m/s2)
by a distance of 1.2 m. The most suited (A) 300 N (B) 400 N
velocity on the road is nearly (C) 800 N (D) 250 N
(A) 5.7 ms–1 (B) 8 ms–1
(C) 36.1 ms –1
(D) 9.7 ms–1 67. The maximum safe speed for which a banked
road is intended, is to be increased by 20 %. If
61. A circular road of radius 1000 m has banking the angle of banking is not changed, then the
angle 45°. If the coefficient of friction radius of curvature of the road should be
between tyre and road is 0.5, then the changed from 30 m to
maximum safe speed of a car having mass
(A) 36.3 m (B) 21.1 m
2000 kg will be
(A) 172 m/s (B) 124 m/s (C) 43.2 m (D) 63.2 m
(C) 99 m/s (D) 86 m/s 68. A cyclist going around a circular road of
62. While driving around curve of radius 17.32 m, radius 10 m is observed to be bending inward
an engineer notes that a pendulum in his car 30° with vertical. Frictional force acting on the
hangs at an angle of 30° to the vertical. The cyclist is (Given: g = 10 m/s2, mass of the
speed of the car is (approximately) cyclist is 90 kg)
(A) 10 m/s (B) 15 m/s (A) 532 N (B) 800 N
(C) 5 m/s (D) 6.7 m/s (C) 1559 N (D) 520 N
63. A boy on a cycle pedals around a circle of
radius 20 m at a speed of 20 m/s. The 69. The maximum speed with which a vehicle can
combined mass of the body and the cycle is negotiate a curved road, which is banked at an
90 kg. The angle that the cycle makes with the angle θ = tan−1 (0.24), is 54 km/hr. If the same
vertical so that is may not fall is (g = 9.8 m/s2) road is flat and vehicle has to negotiate the
(A) 60.25° (B) 63.90° curve with same maximum speed, the
(C) 26.12° (D) 30.00° coefficient of friction between the road and
tyres of the vehicle should be
64. For traffic moving at 60 km/hour along a
circular track of radius 0.1 km, the correct (A) 0.35 (B) 0.24
angle of banking is (C) 0.8 (D) 0.5
 602  1.8 Conical Pendulum
(A) tan–1  
 0.1 
70. A mass of 10 kg is whirled in a horizontal
 (50 / 3) 2  circle by means of a string at an initial speed
(B) tan 
−1

100 × 9.8  of 5 r.p.m. Keeping the radius constant, the
tension in the string is quadrupled. The new
100 × 9.8 
(C) tan−1  2 
speed is nearly
 (50 / 3)  (A) 14 r.p.m. (B) 10 r.p.m.
(D) tan−1 ( 60 × 0.1× 9.8) (C) 2.25 r.p.m. (D) 7 r.p.m.
17
71. Consider a simple pendulum of length 1 m. Its 78. A 2 kg stone at the end of a string 1 m long is
bob performs a circular motion in horizontal whirled in a vertical circle at a constant speed
plane with its string making an angle 60° with of 4 m/s. The tension in the string will be
the vertical. The period of rotation of the bob 52 N when the stone is (Take g = 10 m/s2)
is (Take g = 10 m/s2) (A) at the top of the circle
(A) 2 s (B) 1.4 s (B) at the bottom of the circle
(C) 1.98 s (D) 2.4 s (C) halfway down
(D) at any position other than that in (A),
72. The length of the string of a conical pendulum (B) and (C)
is 10 m and it has a bob of mass 50 g. The
angle that the string makes with the vertical is 79. A 40 kg child sits on a swing supported by
30°. If the bob covers one revolution in 3 s, two chains, each 3 m long. If the tension in
then the corresponding centripetal force acting each chain at lowest point is 350 N, then the
on the bob will be child’s speed at the lowest point is
(A) 10 N (B) 1 N [Take g = 10 m/s2]
(A) 4.7 m/s (B) 3 m/s
(C) 100 N (D) 5 N
(C) 7.2 m/s (D) 9.1 m/s
73. In a conical pendulum, when the bob moves in 80. An aeroplane flying in the sky with a uniform
a horizontal circle of radius r with uniform speed of 200 m/s moves in a vertical circle of
speed v, the string of length L describes a cone radius 400 m. The mass of the pilot is 70 kg.
of semivertical angle θ. The tension in the The force exerted by the pilot on the seat at
string is given by the highest point of the circle will be
(L2 − r 2 )1/ 2 [Take g = 10 m/s2]
(A) T = mgL (B)
mgL (A) 3000 N (B) 6300 N
L2 − r 2
(C) 7700 N (D) 630 N
mgL mgL
(C) T= (D) T= 81. In the above problem, the force exerted by the
(L2 − r 2 ) (L − r 2 )2
2
pilot on the seat at the lowest point of the
1.9 Vertical Circular Motion circle will be [Take g = 10 m/s2]
(A) 4500 N (B) 6300 N
74. An aeroplane, flying in the sky, suddenly (C) 7700 N (D) 770 N
starts revolving in a vertical circle of radius
4 km. At the highest point of the circle, the 82. A woman weighing 600 N is sitting in a car
which is travelling at a constant speed on a
pilot experiences weightlessness. Its velocity
straight road. The car suddenly goes over a
at the highest point will be
hump in the road (hump may be regarded as
(A) 100 m/s (B) 200 m/s
an arc of a circle of radius 12.1 m). If the
(C) 300 m/s (D) 400 m/s
woman experiences weightlessness, calculate
75. A hollow sphere has radius 6.4 m. Minimum the speed of the car. [Take g = 10 m/s2]
velocity required by a motorcyclist at bottom (A) 11 m/s (B) 8 m/s
to complete the circle will be (C) 15 m/s (D) 5 m/s
(A) 17.7 m/s (B) 10.2 m/s 83. A body of mass 1 kg is moving in a vertical
(C) 12.4 m/s (D) 16.0 m/s circular path of radius 1 m. The difference
76. A bucket full of water is revolved in a vertical between the kinetic energies at its highest and
circle of radius 4 m such that water does not lowest positions is [Take g = 10 m/s2]
fall down. The time of one revolution is (A) 20 J (B) 10 J
(A) 10 second (B) 8 second (C) 4 5 J (D) 10 ( 5 −1) J
(C) 4 second (D) 6 second 84. The maximum and minimum tensions in the
string whirling in a circle of radius 2.5 m with
77. A particle of mass m is rotating by means of a
constant velocity are in the ratio 5 : 3. Its
string in a vertical circle. The difference in
velocity is
tensions at the top and the bottom would be
(A) 6 mg (B) 4 mg (A) 98 m/s (B) 7 m/s
(C) 2 mg (D) 3 mg (C) 490 m/s (D) 4.9 m/s
18
85. A student weighing 667 N rides a steadily 1.10 Kinematical equations in circular
rotating Ferris wheel (student sits upright). At motion in analogy with linear motion
the highest point, the magnitude of the normal
→ 89. A flywheel at rest is reached to an angular
force N on the student from the seat is 556 N.
→
velocity of 36 rad/s in 6 s with a constant
The magnitude of N , if the wheel’s speed is angular acceleration. The total angle turned
doubled, is during this interval is
(A) 223 N (B) 111 N (A) 216 rad (B) 144 rad
(C) 444 N (D) 332 N (C) 108 rad (D) 72 rad
90. An engine requires 5 s to go from a speed of
86. A body slides down a frictionless track which
ends in a circular loop of diameter D. Then the 600 r.p.m. to 1200 r.p.m. with constant
minimum height h of the body in terms of D acceleration. How many revolutions does it
so that it may just complete the loop is make in this period?
(A) 7.50 (B) 750
5 3 (C) 75 (D) 7500
(A) h= D (B) h= D
2 2
91. A wheel of a vehicle is rotated to a uniform
5 angular acceleration about its axis. Initially its
(C) h= D (D) h=2D
4 angular velocity is zero. It rotates through an
angle θ1 in the first 2 s and in the next 3 s, it
87. A frictionless track ABCDE ends in a circular rotates through an additional angle θ2. The
loop of radius R. A body slides down the track
θ
from point A which is at a height h = 5 cm. ratio of 2 is
Maximum value of R for the body to θ1
successfully complete the loop is 4 21
(A) (B)
A 21 4
4 25
D (C) (D)
h 25 4
E 2R C 92. When a ceiling fan is switched off, its angular
velocity reduces to 50% while it makes
B 36 rotations. How many more rotations will it
make before coming to rest? (Assume uniform
15 angular retardation)
(A) 5 cm (B) cm
4 (A) 18 (B) 12
10 (C) 36 (D) 48
(C) cm (D) 2 cm
3
Miscellaneous
88. Assertion: For looping a vertical loop of
radius r, the minimum velocity at the lowest 93. A particle is moving in a circle of radius r
centered at O with constant speed v. What is
point should be 5gr . the change in velocity in moving from A to B
Reason: Velocity at the highest point would if ∠AOB = 60°?
be zero.
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True; B
Reason is a correct explanation for r
Assertion O 60°
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; r v
Reason is not a correct explanation for A
Assertion
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False (A) 2 v sin 30° (B) 2 v cos 30°
(D) Assertion is False but Reason is True. (C) 2 v sin 60° (D) 2 v cos 60°
19
94. A particle moves along a circle of radius
Competitive Thinking
20/π m with a constant tangential acceleration.
If the velocity of the particle is 80 m/s at the
1.2 Angular velocity and angular
end of the 2nd revolution after motion has
acceleration
begun, the tangential acceleration is
(A) 40 π m/s2 (B) 40 m/s2 1. Which of the following statements is false for
a particle moving in a circle with a constant
(C) 640 π m/s2 (D) 160 π m/s2 angular speed? [AIEEE 2004]
95. A stone of mass 1 kg tied to a light (A) The velocity vector is tangent to the
circle.
inextensible string of length (10/3) m is
(B) The acceleration vector is tangent to the
whirling in a circular path in a vertical plane. circle.
If the ratio of the maximum tension in the (C) The acceleration vector points to the
string to the minimum tension is 4 and if g is centre of the circle.
taken to be 10 m/s2, the speed of the stone at (D) The velocity and acceleration vectors
the highest point of the circle is are perpendicular to each other.
(A) 5 2 m/s (B) 20 m/s 2. If ωE and ωH are the angular velocities of the
earth rotating about its own axis and the hour
(C) 10 m/s (D) 10 3 m/s hand of the clock respectively, then
[MH CET 2009]
The physics of ….. 1
(A) ωE = ωH (B) ωE = 2 ωH
Riding the bicycle in a loop the loop…. 4
1
(C) ωE = ωH (D) ωE = ωE
2
3. A fan is making 600 revolutions per minute.
If after some time it makes 1200 revolutions
per minute, then increase in its angular
velocity is [BHU 1999]
(A) 10π rad/s (B) 20π rad/s
(C) 40π rad/s (D) 60π rad/s
4. Angular velocity of hour arm of a clock, in
rad/s, is [MH CET 2005]
π π
(A) (B)
43200 21600
π π
(C) (D)
30 1800
5. The ratio of angular speed of a second-hand to
the hour-hand of a watch is [K CET 2015]
(A) 3600 : 1 (B) 720 : 1
(C) 72 : 1 (D) 60 : 1
The stunt of riding the bicycle in a loop-the-
loop, assuming that the loop is a circle, what 6. The difference between angular speed of
is the least speed the rider could have at the minute hand and second hand of a clock is
top of the loop to remain in contact with it [MH CET 2015]
there? 59π 59 π
(A) rad / s (B) rad / s
900 1800
The answer is at the end of this chapter. 59 π 59π
(C) rad / s (D) rad / s
2400 3600
20
7. The relation between linear speed v, angular 15. The length of second’s hand in a watch is
speed ω and angular acceleration α in circular 1 cm. The change in velocity of its tip in
motion is [MH CET 2010] 15 seconds is [MP PMT 1987, 03]
aω av π
(A) α = (B) α = (A) zero (B) cm/s
v ω 30 2
vω ω π π 2
(C) α = (D) α = (C) cm/s (D) cm/s
a av 30 30
8. The angle turned by a body undergoing circular 1.4 Uniform Circular Motion (U.C.M)
motion depends on time as θ = θ0 + θ1t + θ2t2.
Then the angular acceleration of the body is 16. When a body moves with a constant speed
[Orissa JEE 2009] along a circle, [MH CET 2003]
(A) its linear velocity remains constant.
(A) θ1 (B) θ2
(B) no force acts on it.
(C) 2θ1 (D) 2θ2
(C) no work is done on it.
1.3 Relation between linear velocity and (D) no acceleration is produced in it.
angular velocity
17. In uniform circular motion, [MP PMT 1994]
9. If the body is moving in a circle of radius r (A) both the angular velocity and the
with a constant speed v, its angular velocity is angular momentum vary.
[CPMT 1975; R PET 1999] (B) the angular velocity varies but the
(A) v2/r (B) vr angular momentum remains constant.
(C) v/r (D) r/v (C) both the angular velocity and the
10. Two particles of mass M and m are moving in angular momentum remains constant.
a circle of radii R and r. If their time periods (D) the angular momentum varies but the
are same, what will be the ratio of their linear angular velocity remains constant.
velocities? [MH CET 2001] 18. A sphere of mass m is tied to end of a string of
(A) MR : mr (B) M : m length l and rotated through the other end
(C) R : r (D) 1 : 1 along a horizontal circular path with speed v.
11. If the length of the second’s hand in a stop The work done in full horizontal circle is
clock is 3 cm, the angular velocity and linear [C PMT 1993; JIPMER 2000]
velocity of the tip is [Kerala PET 2005]  mv 2 
(A) 0 (B)   2πr
(A) 0.2047 rad/s, 0.0314 m/s  l 
(B) 0.2547 rad/s, 0.314 m/s
 mv 2 
(C) 0.1472 rad/s, 0.06314 m/s (C) mg (2πr) (D)   (l )
(D) 0.1047 rad/s, 0.00314 m/s  r 
12. A wheel of diameter 20 cm is rotating at 19. If a particle moves with uniform speed then its
600 rpm. The linear velocity of particle at its tangential acceleration will be
rim is [MH CET 2004] [MH CET 2008]
(A) 6.28 cm/s (B) 62.8 cm/s v2
(A) (B) zero
(C) 0.628 cm/s (D) 628.4 cm/s r
13. The angular velocity of a wheel is 70 rad/s. If (C) rω2 (D) infinite
the radius of the wheel is 0.5 m, then linear 20. A particle moves in a circular path with
velocity of the wheel is [MH CET 2000] decreasing speed. Choose the correct
(A) 10 m/s (B) 20 m/s statement. [IIT JEE 2005]
(C) 35 m/s (D) 70 m/s (A) Angular momentum remains constant.
Acceleration  a  is towards the centre.
→
14. An athlete completes one round of a circular (B)
track of radius 10 m in 40 s. The distance  
covered by him in 2 min 20 s is (C) Particle moves in a spiral path with
[Kerala (Med.) 2002] decreasing radius.
(A) 70 m (B) 140 m (D) The direction of angular momentum
(C) 110 m (D) 220 m remains constant.
21
21. A body moves along a circular path with 27. Angle between radius vector and centripetal
certain velocity. What will be the path of body acceleration is [MH CET 2002]
c
in following figure? [MH CET 2001] (A) 0 (B) πc
(C) 2πc (D) none of these
(A) Move radially out. B
28. For a particle in uniform circular motion, the
(B) Move horizontally out. →
(C) Fall vertically down. A
acceleration a at a point P(R, θ) on the circle
(D) Move tangentially out. of radius R is (Here θ is measured from the
x-axis) [AIEEE 2010]
22. A particle comes round a circle of radius 1 m 2 2
once. The time taken by it is 10 s. The average v ˆ v ˆ
(A) i+ j
velocity of motion is [JIPMER 1999] R R
(A) 0.2π m/s (B) 2π m/s v2 v2
(B) − cos θ î + sin θ ˆj
(C) 2 m/s (D) zero R R
2
23. The tangential velocity of a particle making p v v2
(C) − sin θ î + cos θ ˆj
rotations along a circle of radius π in t seconds R R
is [MH CET 2009] v2 v 2
(D) − cos θ î − sin θ ˆj
2πp 2πp 2 R R
(A) (B)
t2 t 29. Two cars of masses m1 and m2 are moving in
πp2
2π 2 p circles of radii r1 and r2 respectively. Their
(C) (D) speeds are such that they make complete
2t t
circles in the same time t. The ratio of their
24. If K.E. of the particle of mass m performing centripetal acceleration is [AIEEE 2012]
U.C.M. in a circle of radius r is E. The (A) m1r1 : m2r2 (B) m1 : m2
acceleration of the particle is [MH CET 2010] (C) r1 : r2 (D) 1 : 1
2
2E  2E  30. A particle moves in a circle of radius 5 cm
(A) (B)  
mr  mr  with constant speed and time period 0.2 π s.
4E The acceleration of the particle is
(C) 2Emr (D) [CBSE PMT (Prelims) 2012]
mr
(A) 5 m/s2 (B) 15 m/s2
2
25. Assertion: If a body moving in a circular path (C) 25 m/s (D) 36 m/s2
has constant speed, then there is no force 31. If a cycle wheel of radius 0.4 m completes one
acting on it. revolution in one second, then acceleration of
Reason: The direction of the velocity vector the cycle is [MH CET 1999]
of a body moving in a circular path is
(A) 0.4 π m/s2 (B) 0.8 π m/s2
changing. [EAMCET 2004]
(C) 0.4 π2 m/s2 (D) 1.6 π2 m/s2
(A) Assertion is True, Reason is True;
Reason is a correct explanation for 32. A particle moves in a circle of radius 25 cm at
Assertion two revolutions per second. The acceleration
(B) Assertion is True, Reason is True; of the particle in m/s2 is
Reason is not a correct explanation for [MNR 1991; D PMT 1999; UPSEAT 2000;
Assertion R PET 2003; Pb PET 2004;
(C) Assertion is True, Reason is False CBSE PMT PMT (Prelims) 2011]
(D) Assertion is False but Reason is True. (A) π2 (B) 8π2
2
(C) 4π (D) 2π2
1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M (Radial
acceleration) 33. Certain neutron stars are believed to be rotating
at about 1 rev/s. If such a star has a radius of 20
26. The centripetal acceleration is given by km, the acceleration of an object on the equator
[R PET 1999] of the star will be [NCERT 1982]
(A) v2/r (B) vr (A) 20 × 10 m/s8 2
(B) 8 × 105 m/s2
(C) vr2 (D) v/r (C) 120 × 105 m/s2 (D) 4 × 108 m/s2
22
34. A car is moving with speed 30 m/s on a 40. A cyclist turns around a curve at
circular path of radius 500 m. Its speed is 15 miles/hour. If he turns at double the speed,
increasing at the rate of 2 m/s2. What is the the tendency to overturn is
acceleration of the car? [C PMT 1974; AFMC 2003]
[Roorkee 1982; R PET 1996; (A) doubled. (B) quadrupled.
MH CET 2002; MP PMT 2003] (C) halved. (D) unchanged.
(A) 2 m/s2 (B) 2.7 m/s2
(C) 1.8 m/s 2
(D) 9.8 m/s2 41. A body of mass m performs U.C.M. along a
circular path of radius r with a velocity v. If its
1.6 Centripetal and centrifugal forces angular momentum is L, then its centripetal
force is [MH CET 2007]
35. Banking of roads is independent of (A) L /mr2 2
(B) L2/mr3
[MH CET 2007] (C) L2/mr (D) L2/r3
(A) radius of the path
(B) mass of the vehicle 42. A string breaks if its tension exceeds
(C) acceleration due to gravity 10 newton. A stone of mass 250 g tied to this
(D) maximum velocity of the vehicle around string of length 10 cm is rotated in a
the curved path horizontal circle. The maximum angular
velocity of rotation can be
36. Centripetal force in vector form can be [MP PMT 1999]
expressed as (A) 20 rad/s (B) 40 rad/s
[MH CET 2004] (C) 100 rad/s (D) 200 rad/s
2
→ mv → mv 2 →
(A) F = – (B) F = – 3 r 43. A toy cart is tied to the end of an unstretched
r r string of length ‘l’. When revolved, the toy
→
→
2
→ → mv 2 r cart moves in horizontal circle with radius ‘2l’
(C) F = – mω r (D) F =– → and time period T. If it is speeded until it
r moves in horizontal circle of radius ‘3l’ with
period T1, relation between T and T1 is
37. A particle of mass m is executing uniform
(Hooke’s law is obeyed)
circular motion on a path of radius r. If p is the
magnitude of its linear momentum, the radial [MH CET 2015]
force acting on the particle is 2 3
(A) T1 = T (B) T1 = T
[MP PET 2010] 3 2
rm 2 3
(A) pmr (B) (C) T1 = T (D) T1 = T
p 3 2
mp 2 p2
(C) (D) 44. A 500 kg car takes a round turn of radius 50 m
r rm with a velocity of 36 km/hr. The centripetal
38. The magnitude of the centripetal force acting force is
on a body of mass m executing uniform [CBSE PMT 1999; K CET 2001;
motion in a circle of radius r with speed v is JIPMER 2001, 02]
[AFMC 1998; MP PET 1999] (A) 250 N (B) 750 N
(A) mvr (B) mv2/r (C) 1000 N (D) 1200 N
2
(C) v/r m (D) v/rn
45. A 100 kg car is moving with a maximum
39. If a tension in a string is 6.4 N. A load at the velocity of 9 m/s across a circular track of
lower end of a string is 0.1 kg, the length of radius 30 m. The maximum force of friction
string is 6 m then find its angular velocity between the road and the car is
(g = 10 m/s2) [MH CET 2008] [Pb PMT 2000]
(A) 3 rad/s (B) 4 rad/s (A) 1000 N (B) 706 N
(C) 2 rad/s (D) 1 rad/s (C) 270 N (D) 200 N
23
46. A proton of mass 1.6 × 10–27 kg goes round in that half of the string is on the table top and
a circular orbit of radius 0.10 m under a half is hanging below. The ball on the table
centripetal force of 4 × 10–13 N. The frequency top is made to move in a circular path with a
of revolution of the proton is about constant speed v. What is the centripetal
[Kerala (Med.) 2007] acceleration of the moving ball?
(A) 0.08 × 108 cycles per s [DUMET 2009]
(B) 4 × 108 cycles per s (A) mvl (B) g
(C) 8 × 108 cycles per s (C) Zero (D) 2mvl
(D) 12 × 108 cycles per s
1.7 Banking of roads
47. If the radius of curvature of the path of two
particles of same masses are in the ratio 1 : 2, 52. A car sometimes overturns while taking a turn.
then in order to have constant centripetal When it overturns, it is
force, their velocity, should be in the ratio of [AFMC 1988; MP PMT 2003]
[Pb PET 2000] (A) the inner wheel which leaves the ground
(A) 1 : 4 (B) 4 : 1 first.
(C) 2 :1 (D) 1 : 2 (B) the outer wheel which leaves the ground
first.
48. A coin is placed on a rotating turn table (C) both the wheels which leave the ground
rotated with angular speed ω. The coin just simultaneously.
slips if it is placed at 4 cm from the center of (D) either wheel leaves the ground first.
the table. If angular velocity is doubled, at
53. A cyclist taking turn bends inwards while a
what distance will coin starts to slip.
car passenger taking same turn is thrown
[MH CET 2010]
outwards. The reason is
(A) 1 cm (B) 4 cm
(C) 9 cm (D) 16 cm [NCERT 1972; C PMT 2010]
(A) Car is heavier than cycle.
49. A motor cycle driver doubles its velocity (B) Car has four wheels while cycle has
when he is having a turn. The force exerted only two.
outwardly will be [AFMC 2002] (C) Difference in the speeds of the two.
(A) double (B) half (D) Cyclist has to counteract the centrifugal
1 force while in the case of car, only the
(C) 4 times (D) times
4 passenger is thrown by this force.
50. A long horizontal rod has a bead which can 54. A train is moving towards north. At one place,
slide along its length, and initially placed at a it turns towards north-east. Here, we observe
distance L from one end A of the rod. The rod that [AIIMS 1980]
is set in angular motion about A with constant (A) the radius of curvature of outer rail will
angular acceleration α. If the coefficient of be greater than that of the inner rail.
friction between the rod and the bead is µ, and (B) the radius of the inner rail will be
gravity is neglected, then the time after which greater than that of the outer rail.
the bead starts slipping is (C) the radius of curvature of one of the rails
[IIT JEE (Screening) 2000] will be greater.
µ µ (D) the radius of curvature of the outer and
(A) (B) inner rails will be the same.
α α
1 55. A car is travelling on a circular banked road.
(C) (D) infinitesimal The centripetal acceleration of a car is
µα
provided by [MH CET 2006]
51. On the centre of a frictionless table, a small (A) normal reaction.
hole is made, through which a weightless (B) weight of a car.
string of length 2l is inserted. On the two ends (C) horizontal component of normal
of the string, two balls of the same mass m are reaction.
attached. Arrangement is made in such a way (D) vertical component of normal reaction.
24
56. A body is moving in a circular orbit with static 63. A person with his hands in his pockets is
friction 0.2. If radius through which the body skating on ice at the velocity of 10 m/s and
revolves is 100 m and g = 9.8 m/s2, then describes a circle of radius 50 m. What is his
maximum speed with which body revolved is inclination with vertical? [Pb PET 2000]
[MH CET 2004]  1 3
(A) tan −1   (B) tan −1  
(A) 14 m/s (B) 19 m/s  10  5
(C) 11 m/s (D) 13 m/s 1
(C) tan−1(1) (D) tan −1  
57. The maximum speed of a car on a road–turn 5
of radius 30 m, if the coefficient of friction 64. A particle describes a horizontal circle in a
between the tyres and the road is 0.4, will be conical funnel whose inner surface is smooth
[MH CET 1999; CBSE PMT 2000] with speed of 0.5 m/s. What is the height of
(A) 10.84 m/s (B) 9.84 m/s the plane of circle from vertex of the funnel ?
(C) 8.84 m/s (D) 6.84 m/s [Take g = 10 m/s2] [J & K CET 2005]
58. A car is moving at a speed of 60 km/h (A) 0.25 cm (B) 2 cm
traversing a circular road track of radius 60 m. (C) 4 cm (D) 2.5 cm
The minimum coefficient of friction to prevent 1.9 Vertical Circular Motion
the skidding of the car is (g = 10 m/s2)
65. A heavy mass is attached to a thin wire and is
[TS EAMCET (Med.) 2015]
whirled in a vertical circle. The wire is most
(A) 25/54 (B) 21/54
likely to break [MP PET 1997]
(C) 15/44 (D) 21/44
(A) when the mass is at the highest point of
59. A cyclist goes round a circular path of the circle.
circumference 34.3 m in 22 s. The angle made (B) when the mass is at the lowest point of
by him, with the vertical, is the circle.
[MH CET 2000] (C) when the wire is horizontal.
(A) 42° (B) 43° (D) at an angle of cos−1 (1/3) from the
(C) 44° (D) 45° upward vertical.
66. A body of mass m hangs at one end of a string
60. An aircraft executes a horizontal loop with a of length l, the other end of which is fixed. It
speed of 150 m/s with its wings banked at an is given a horizontal velocity so that the string
angle of 12°. The radius of the loop is would just reach where it makes an angle of
(g = 10 m/s2) [Pb PET 2001] 60° with the vertical. The tension in the string
(A) 10.6 km (B) 9.6 km at mean position is [ISM Dhanbad 1994]
(C) 7.4 km (D) 5.8 km (A) 2 mg (B) mg
61. A car of mass 1000 kg negotiates a banked (C) 3 mg (D) 3 mg
curve of radius 90 m on a frictionless road. If
67. A simple pendulum of length L swings in a
the banking angle is 45°, the speed of the car vertical plane. The tension of the string when it
is [CBSE PMT (Prelims) 2012]
makes an angle θ with the vertical and the bob
(A) 20 ms−1 (B) 30 ms−1 of mass m moves with a speed v is (g is the
(C) 5 ms−1 (D) 10 ms−1 gravitational acceleration [WB JEEM 2015]
62. Radius of the curved road on national highway (A) mv2/L (B) mg cosθ+ mv2/L
2
is r. Width of the road is l. The outer edge of (C) mg cosθ – mv /L (D) mg cosθ
the road is raised by h with respect to the inner 68. A simple pendulum oscillates in a vertical
edge so that a car with velocity v can pass plane. When it passes through the mean
safely over it. The value of h is position, the tension in the string is 3 times the
[MP PMT 1996] weight of the pendulum bob. What is the
v 2r v 2l maximum displacement of the pendulum of
(A) (B)
g r the string with respect to the vertical?
[Orissa JEE 2002]
v 2l v2
(C) (D) (A) 30o (B) 45o
rg g (C) 60o (D) 90o
25
69. A simple pendulum of mass m and length l 74. A can filled with water is revolved in a
stands in equilibrium in vertical position. The vertical circle of radius 4 m and water does
not fall down. The time period of revolution
maximum horizontal velocity that should be
will be [MH CET 2009]
given to the bob at the bottom so that it (A) 2 s (B) 4 s
completes one revolution is [MH CET 2004] (C) 6 s (D) 8 s
(A) lg (B) 2lg 75. A bucket tied at the end of a 1.6 m long string
(C) 3lg (D) 5lg is whirled in a vertical circle with constant
speed. What should be the minimum speed so
70. The relation between force acting on the that the water from the bucket does not spill,
electron and principle quantum number in when the bucket is at the highest position
hydrogen atom is [MH CET 2009] (Take g = 10 m/s2) [AIIMS 1987]
4 (A) 4 m/s (B) 6.25 m/s
(A) F ∝ n
(B) F ∝ n2 (C) 16 m/s (D) None of the above
1 76. A body crosses the topmost point of a vertical
(C) F ∝ 2
n circle with critical speed. Its centripetal
1 acceleration, when the string is horizontal will
(D) F ∝ 4 be [MH CET 2002]
n
(A) 6 g (B) 3 g
71. A particle is moving in a vertical circle. The (C) 2 g (D) g
tensions in the string when passing through
77. A weightless thread can support tension upto
two positions at angles 30° and 60° from 30 N. A stone of mass 0.5 kg is tied to it and is
vertical (lowest position) are T1 and T2 revolved in a circular path of radius 2 m in a
respectively then [Orissa JEE 2002]
vertical plane. If g = 10 ms−2, then the
(A) T1 = T2 maximum angular velocity of the stone will be
(B) T2 > T1 [MP PMT 1994]
(C) T1 > T2
(A) 5 rad/s (B) 30 rad/s
(D) tension in the string always remains the
same (C) 60 rad/s (D) 10 rad/s
72. A stone of mass m is tied to a string and is 78. A weightless thread can bear tension upto
moved in a vertical circle of radius r making n 3.7 kg-wt. A stone of mass 500 g is tied to it
revolutions per minute. The total tension in and revolved in a circular path of radius 4 m in
the string when the stone is at its lowest point a vertical plane. If g = 10 ms−2, then the
is [Kerala (Engg.) 2001] maximum angular velocity of the stone will be
(A) mg [MP PMT/PET 1998]
(B) m(g + πnr2) (A) 4 rad/s (B) 16 rad/s
(C) m(g + πnr) (C) 21 rad/s (D) 2 rad/s
 π n r
2 2
79. A mass of 5 kg is tied to a string of length
(D) m g + 
 900  1.0 m and is rotated in vertical circle with a
uniform speed of 4 m/s. The tension in the
73. A bucket full of water is revolved in vertical
string will be 130 N when the mass is at
circle of radius 2 m. What should be the
maximum time-period of revolution so that the (g = 10 m/s2) [MH CET 2001]
water doesn’t fall-off the bucket? (A) highest point
[Take g = 10 m/s2] [AFMC 2004] (B) mid way
(A) 1 s (B) 2 s (C) bottom
(C) 3 s (D) 4 s (D) cannot be justified
26
Miscellaneous 85. A string of length L is fixed at one end and

carries a mass M at the other end. The string
80. A car is negotiating a curved road of radius R.
makes 2/π revolutions per second around the
The road is banked at an angle θ. The coefficient vertical axis through the fixed end as shown in
of friction between the tyres of the car and the
the figure, then tension in the string is
road is µs. The maximum safe velocity on this
[BHU 2002; DPMT 2004]
road is [NEET P-I 2016]
S
g µ s + tan θ
(A)
R 1 − µ s tan θ θ
L
g µs + tan θ
(B) T
R 2 1 − µ s tan θ
M
µ s + tan θ
(C) gR 2 R
1 − µs tan θ
(A) ML (B) 2 ML
µ s + tan θ
(D) gR (C) 4 ML (D) 16 ML
1 − µs tan θ
86. If a particle of mass m is moving in a
81. What is the minimum velocity with which a
horizontal circle of radius r with a centripetal
body of mass m must enter a vertical loop of
force (−k/ r2), the total energy is
radius R so that it can complete the loop?
[EAMCET (Med.) 1995; AMU (Engg.) 2001]
[NEET P-I 2016]
k k
(A) 3gR (B) 5gR (A) − (B) −
2r r
(C) gR (D) 2gR
2k 4k
(C) − (D) −
82. In vertical circular motion, the ratio of kinetic r r
energy of a particle at highest point to that at 87. A particle moves along a circle of radius ‘r’
lowest point is [MHT CET 2016] with constant tangential acceleration. If the
(A) 5 (B) 2 velocity of the particle is ‘v’ at the end of
(C) 0.5 (D) 0.2 second revolution, after the revolution has
started then the tangential acceleration is
83. Angular speed of hour hand of a clock in
[MHT CET 2016]
degree per second is [MHT CET 2016]
v2 v2
1 1 (A) (B)
(A) (B) 8πr 6πr
30 60
v2 v2
1 1 (C) (D)
(C) (D) 4πr 2πr
120 720
88. A particle of mass 10 g moves along a circle of
84. A particle of mass ‘m’ is moving in circular
radius 6.4 cm with a constant tangential
path of constant radius ‘r’ such that centripetal
acceleration. What is the magnitude of this
acceleration is varying with time ‘t’ as K2 r t2 acceleration, if the kinetic energy of the particle
where K is a constant. The power delivered to
becomes equal to 8 × 10–4 J by the end of the
the particle by the force acting on it is second revolution after the beginning of the
[IIT 2008; MH CET 2015] motion? [NEET P-I 2016]
2 2 2 2
(A) m K r t (A) 0.18 m/s 2
(B) mK2 r2 t (B) 0.2 m/s2

(C) m K2 r t2 (C) 0.1 m/s2
(D) m K r2 t (D) 0.15 m/s2
27
89. Two stones of masses m and 2 m are whirled 94. A uniform circular disc of radius 50 cm at rest is
in horizontal circles, the heavier one in a free to turn about an axis which is perpendicular
r to its plane and passes through its centre. It is
radius and lighter one in radius r. The subjected to a torque which produces a constant
2
tangential speed of lighter stone is n times that angular acceleration of 2.0 rad s−2. Its net
of the value of heavier stone when they acceleration in ms−2 at the end of 2.0 s is
experience same centripetal forces. The value approximately
of n is : [AIPMT RE-TEST 2015] [NEET P-I 2016]
(A) 6.0 (B) 3.0
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 8.0 (D) 7.0
(C) 3 (D) 4
90. A body of mass 1 kg tied to one end of string 95. Two identical discs of same radius R are
rotating about their axes in opposite directions
is revolved in a horizontal circle of radius
with the same constant angular speed ω. The
0.1 m with a speed of 3 revolution/s. discs are in the same horizontal plane. At time
Assuming the effect of gravity is negligible, t = 0, the points P and Q are facing each other
then linear velocity, acceleration and tension as shown in the figure. The relative speed
in the string will be [D PMT 2003] between the two points P and Q is vr. As a
2
(A) 1.88 m/s, 35.5 m/s , 35.5 N function of time, it is best represented by
[IIT JEE 2012]
(B) 2.88 m/s, 45.5 m/s2, 45.5 N
ω
(C) 3.88 m/s, 55.5 m/s2, 55.5 N ω
(D) None of these
P Q
91. A block follows the path as shown in the
figure from height h. If radius of circular path R R
is r, then relation holds good to complete full
circle is [R PMT 1997] vr
(A)
h
2r
O t
T
vr
(A) h < 5r/2 (B) h > 5r/2
(C) h = 5r/2 (D) h ≥ 5r/2 (B)
92. An electron revolves around the nucleus. The
radius of the circular orbit is r. To double the t
O T
kinetic energy of electron its orbit radius is
vr
[MH CET 2008]
r
(A) (B) 2 r (C)
2
r
(C) 2r (D) t
2 O T
93. A particle moves in a circle of radius 5 cm with vr
constant speed and time period 0.2 π.s. the
acceleration of the particle is [AIPMT 2011] (D)
(A) 15 m/s2 (B) 25 m/s2
(C) 36 m/s2 (D) 5 m/s2 O t
T
28
Answer Key
Classical Thinking
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (C) 6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (D)
11. (C) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (B ) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (A) 20. (B)
21. (C) 22. (D) 23. (D) 24. (C) 25. (A) 26. (C) 27. (B) 28. (A) 29. (D) 30. (B)
31. (B) 32. (A) 33. (D) 34. (C) 35. (B) 36. (C) 37. (B) 38. (C) 39. (C) 40. (B)
41. (A) 42. (A) 43. (A) 44. (D) 45. (B) 46. (A) 47. (C) 48. (C) 49. (B) 50. (A)
51. (D) 52. (C) 53. (A) 54. (B) 55. (B) 56. (C) 57. (C) 58. (C) 59. (D) 60. (A)
61. (B) 62. (B) 63. (D) 64. (C) 65. (C) 66. (A) 67. (B) 68. (C) 69. (A) 70. (A)
Critical Thinking
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (C) 10. (A)
11. (C) 12. (C) 13. (D) 14. (B) 15. (B) 16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19. (C) 20. (C)
21. (C) 22. (D) 23. (B) 24. (D) 25. (A) 26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (C) 29. (C) 30. (B)
31. (C) 32. (A) 33. (B) 34. (D) 35. (D) 36. (B) 37. (A) 38. (D) 39. (D) 40. (A)
41. (B) 42. (B) 43. (C) 44. (D) 45. (B) 46. (A) 47. (B) 48. (A) 49. (B) 50. (B)
51. (D) 52. (B) 53. (A) 54. (D) 55. (B) 56. (B) 57. (C) 58. (A) 59. (C) 60. (B)
61. (A) 62. (A) 63. (B) 64. (B) 65. (B) 66. (B) 67. (C) 68. (D) 69. (B) 70. (B)
71. (B) 72. (B) 73. (A) 74. (B) 75. (A) 76. (C) 77. (A) 78. (B) 79. (A) 80. (B)
81. (C) 82. (A) 83. (A) 84. (A) 85. (A) 86. (C) 87. (D) 88. (C) 89. (C) 90. (C)
91. (B) 92. (B) 93. (A) 94. (B) 95. (C)
Competitive Thinking
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (C) 10. (C)
11. (D) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (D) 15. (D) 16. (C) 17. (C) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (D)
21. (D) 22. (D) 23. (D) 24. (A) 25. (D) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (D) 29. (C) 30. (A)
31. (D) 32. (C) 33. (B) 34. (B) 35. (B) 36. (B) 37. (D) 38. (B) 39. (A) 40. (B)
41. (B) 42. (A) 43. (D) 44. (C) 45. (C) 46. (A) 47. (D) 48. (A) 49. (C) 50. (A)
51. (B) 52. (A) 53. (D) 54. (A) 55. (C) 56. (A) 57. (A) 58. (A) 59. (D) 60. (A)
61. (B) 62. (C) 63. (D) 64. (D) 65. (B) 66. (A) 67. (B) 68. (D) 69. (D) 70. (D)
71. (C) 72. (D) 73. (C) 74. (B) 75. (A) 76. (B) 77. (A) 78. (A) 79. (C) 80 (D)
81. (B) 82. (D) 83. (C) 84. (B) 85. (D) 86. (A) 87. (A) 88. (C) 89. (B) 90. (A)
91. (D) 92. (D) 93. (D) 94. (C) 95. (A)
Hints
100
Classical Thinking 6. n = 100 r.p.m. = r.p.s.
60
3000 2π ×100
3. f = 300 r.p.m. = r.p.s; ω = 2πn = = 10.47 rad/s
60 60
3000 7. n = 3.5 r.p.s.
θ = ω.t = 2π × × 1 = 100 π rad
60 ω = 2πn = 2 × π × 3.5 = 7π
= 7 × 3.14 ≈ 22 rad/s
5. For a seconds hand of a watch, T = 60 s
8. For earth, T = 24 hr = 24 × 3600 = 86400 s
2π 2π π
ω= = = rad/s 2π 2π 2π
T 60 30 ω= = rad/hr = rad/s
T 24 86400
29
9. Using, ω = 2πn 1200
27. n = 1200 r.p.m. = r.p.s. = 20 r.p.s.
∴ 125 = 2πn 60
125 a = ω2r = (4 π2 n2) r = 4 × (3.142)2 × (20)2 × 0.3
∴ n = ∴ n ≈ 20
2π ≈ 4740 cm/s2
10. For seconds hand, Ts = 60 s; for hour hand, 900
TH = 2 × 3600 s 28. n = 900 r.p.m. = r.p.s = 15 r.p.s,
60
ωS TH 12 × 3600 1 1.2
∴ = = =720 : 1 ….[Q ω ∝ ] d = 1.2 m ⇒ r = = 0.6 m
ω H TS 60 T 2
dω 1.2
11. α= = 0 ….(Q ω = constant) a = ω2r = (2 πn)2 × = 540 π2 m/s2
dt 2
210 29. r = 10 cm = 0.1 m, a = 1000 × 10 m/s2

12. n1 = 0, n2 = 210 r.p.m. = r.p.s. a = ω2r
60
 210  a
dω = 2π(n2 − n1) = 2π  − 0  = 7 π rad/s ∴ ω2 =
r
 60 
dω 2π × 210 a 1000 × 10 ≈ 316 rad/s
α= = = 4.4 rad/s2 ∴ ω = =
r 10 × 10−2
dt 60 × 5
n = 316/2π = 50.3 r.p.s. ≈ 50 r.p.s.
14. C = 2πr
∴ n = 3000 r.p.m.
C
∴ r= 31. Using,
2π
C v2 20 × 20
∴ v = r(2πn) = × 2π × f = fC ….[Q ω = 2πn] ar = = = 40 m/s2, at = 30 m/s2
2π r 10
15. Using, v = rω = 0.2 × 10 m/s = 2 m/s a= a 2r + a 2t = 40 2 + 30 2 = 50 m/s2
16. Using, v = rω mv 2
= r × (2πn) = 0.4 × 2π × 5 39. p = mv; F =
r
= 0.4 × 2 × 3.14 × 5 = 12.56 ≈ 12.6 m/s 2
v
F mv 1
∴ = × =
17. Angular velocity of particle P p r mv r
about point A,
v v mv 2
ωA = = 40. Using, Fs =
rAB 2r r
Angular velocity of particle P Fs r 105 ×10
∴ v2 = = = 104
about point C, m 10 2
v v ∴ v = 100 m/s
ωC = =
rBC r
mv 2
ωA v r 41. F=
= × r
ωC 2r v
1
ωA 1 If m and v are constants, then F ∝
= r
ωC 2 F1 r 
∴ =  2
18. In U.C.M., direction of velocity and F2  r1 
acceleration change from point to point.
22. At each point on circular path, the magnitude of mv 2
42. Using, F =
velocity remains the same for any value of θ. r
mv 2 10 × (5) 2 250
23. The particle performing circular motion ∴ r= = = =2m
flies-off tangentially. F 125 125
30
Tr 67. Using,
43. Using, v2 =
m 1 2
2
θ = ω0t + αt
mv 2
Breaking tension T =
r 1
= 4 × 10 + × 2 × (10)2 = 140 rad
(r = length of the string) 2
50 × 1 θ 140
∴ v2 = n= = ≈ 22
1 2π 2×3.142
∴ v = 5 2 m/s
5
2 2 2 68. v = 72 km/hr = 72 × = 20 m/s,
44. Using, F = mrω = m × 4π n r 18
∴ m × 4π2n2r = 6 × 10−14 0.5
d = 0.5 m ⇒ r = m
6 ×10−14 2
∴ n2 =
4 × 1.6 ×10−27 × 3.142 × 0.12 v 20
∴ ω0 = = = 80 rad/s
∴ n ≈ 5 × 106 cycles/s r 0.5 / 2
53. Centripetal acceleration, ω2 = ω 20 + 2αθ
acp = ω2r = g l sin θ = g tanθ 0 = (80)2 + 2α(2π × 20)
l cos θ − 6400 = 80 πα
= 10 × tan 60° = 17.3 m/s2 −80
α= = − 25.48 rad/s2
54. Using, π
mrω2 = T and ω = 2πn 69. Difference in tensions = 6 mg = 6 × 2 × 9.8
1 T = 12 kg wt
n= = 2 Hz
2π mr
70. F = mω2R
59. For looping the loop, minimum velocity at the 1
∴ R ∝ 2 (m and F are constant)
lowest point should be 5gl . ω
If ω is doubled, then radius will become 1/4
60. Thrust at the lowest point of concave bridge times i.e., R/4
mv 2
= mg +
r Critical Thinking
mv 2 300
61. N = mg cos θ − , θ = angle with vertical 1. Frequency of wheel, n = = 5 r.p.s.
R 60
As vehicle descends, angle increases, its Angle described by wheel in one rotation
cosine decreases, hence N decreases. = 2π rad.
Therefore, angle described by wheel in 1 sec
g
64. µ mrω2 ≥ mg; ω ≥ θ = 2π × 5 radians = 10 π rad
µr
2. In non-uniform circular motion, particle
65. v1 = rg possesses both centripetal as well as tangential
accelerations.
v2 = 5rg = 5 × rg = 5 × v1
3. n = 2000, distance = 9500 m
66. Using, Distance covered in ‘n’ revolutions = n(2πr)
ω − ω 0 2π(n − n 0 ) = nπD
α= =
t t ∴ 2000πD = 9500
2 × 3.14 × (350 − 0) 9500
= ≈ 10 rad/s2 ∴ D= = 1.5 m
220 2000 × π
31
4. Period of second hand = Ts = 60 s and 13. Using,
Period of minute hand = Tm = 60 × 60 = 3600 s 2π 2× 3.14
v = rω = r × = 60 × = 6.28 mm/s
2π 2 π T 60
Angular speed of second hand ωs = =
Ts 60 ∆v = 6.28 2 mm/s ≈ 8.88 mm/s
2π 2π
Angular speed of minute hand ωm = = 2π
Tm 3600 14. Speed of C1 = ωR1 = R1
T
ωs 2π 3600 2π
∴ = × = 60 : 1 Speed of C2 = ωR2 = R2
ωm 60 2π T
5. For minute hand, T = 60 min = 60 × 60 s Speed of C1 2πR1 / T R
∴ = = 1
2π 2π Speed of C 2 2πR 2 / T R2
Angular speed, ω = = rad/s
T 60 × 60
15
π 180 15. r = 0.25 m, n = 15 r.p.m. = r.p.s.
= × = 0.1 60
1800 π
2 × π × 15 π
180
o
ω = 2πn = = rad/s
….[Q 1 rad = ] 60 2
π π π
angle described 2π v = rω = 0.25 × = m/s
6. ω= = = π rad/s 2 8
time taken 2
20 1
540 16. T= = = 0.5 s
7. n= = 9 r.p.s., ω = 2πn = 18π rad/s 40 2
60 2π 2π
Angular acceleration ω= = = 4π rad/s
T 0 .5
Gain in angular velocity 18 π
= = = 3π rad s–2 Let r = 50 cm = 0.5 m
time 6 v = rω = 0.5 × 4π = 2π m/s
dω
8. Using, α = 17. T = 24 hr, r = 6400 km
dt 2π 2π 2 × 3.14 × 6400
15π − 10π 5π v = ωr = ×r= ×6400 =
∴ α= = = 2.5 π rad/s2 T 24 24
4−2 2
v ≈ 1675 km/hr
9. Using,
θ = 2t + 3t2 î ˆj kˆ
→ → →
dθ 18. v = ω × r = 3 −4 1 = −18iˆ − 13jˆ + 2kˆ
∴ ω= = 2 + 6t
dt 5 −6 6
dω
α= = 6 rad/s2
dt 19. θ = 2t3 + 0.5
10. v = r.ω d
where r is distance from axis of rotation. ∴ ω= (2t3 + 0.5) = 6t2
dt
At the north-pole, r = 0 ⇒ v = 0 At t = 2 s, ω = 6 × 22 = 24 rad/s
11. A particle will describe a circular path if the
→ → 22. While moving along a circle, the body has a
angle between velocity, v and acceleration a constant tendency to regain its natural straight
is 90°. line path.
n This tendency gives rise to a force called
12. Frequency = r.p.s., t = 1 min = 60 s centrifugal force. The centrifugal force does
60
not act on the body in motion, the only force
n acting on the body in motion is centripetal
Angular velocity, ω = 2π
60 force. The centrifugal force acts on the source
2πn × π 2π 2 n of centripetal force to displace it radially
∴ Linear velocity, v = ωr = = cm/s
60 60 outward from centre of the path.
32
23. Tangential force acting on the car increases mv2
with the magnitude of its speed. 32. Centripetal force = and is directed
r
∴ at = time rate of change of its speed always towards the centre of circle. Sense of
= change in the speed of the car per unit rotation does not affect magnitude and
time which is 3 m/s direction of this centripetal force.
∴ Tangential acceleration = 3 m /s2
33. The surface will rise from the sides, due to
24. There is no relation between centripetal and centrifugal force.
tangential acceleration. Centripetal
34. Distance covered, s = θ × 2πr
acceleration is a must for circular motion but
tangential acceleration may be zero. 360o
90
25. When a body is moving with constant speed, 660 = × 2πr
360
the tangential acceleration developed in a
r = 420 m
body is zero. 2
mv 840 × 10 × 10
26. Radius of horizontal loop, r = 1 km = 1000 m F= = = 200 N
r 420
900 × 10 3 35. Using,
v = 900 km/h = = 250 m/s
3600 2
2π
v2 250 × 250 Fcp = mω2r = m   r
∴ a= = = 62.5 m/s2 T
r 1000 2
= 500 × 10–3 ×  2 × ×  × 0.49
a 62.5 22 1
∴ = = 6.25
g 10  7 11 
−3
500 × 10 ×16 × 0.49
27. Velocity, v = ωr = = 0.08 N
49
ωr v
∴ v′ = ωr′ = = = 10 cm/s 1
2 2 36. F∝ 2
and r ∝ n2 where n is principal quantum
2 r
∴ a=ωr no.
r a
∴ a′ = ω2r′ = ω2 × 2 = 2 = 10 cm/s2 F1 n 24  3  81
4
∴ = =  =
F2 n14  2  16
28. In uniform circular motion, acceleration is
caused due to change in direction and is 37. m = 2 kg, r = 1 m, F = 32 N
directed radially towards centre. Force, F = mω2r
32
29. As ω is constant, acceleration is due to the ∴ ω2 = = 16 ∴ ω = 4 rad/s
2 ×1
change in direction of velocity = ω2r
∴ Frequency of revolution per minute
As rA > rB ⇒ aA > aB
ω 4×7
30. In half a circle, the direction of acceleration is n= × 60 = × 60
2π 2 × 22
reversed. ≈ 38 rev / min
v2 −v2
It goes from to 38. r = 20 cm = 20 × 10−2 m = 0.2 m
r r
Hence, change in centripetal acceleration mv 2
Using, F = = 10
 2  2v
2 r
= v −  −v  =
2
1 r 0.20
r  r  r ∴ mv 2 = 10 × = 10 × =1J
2 2 2
31. If ar = 0, there is no radial acceleration and 39. r1 = 9 cm
circular motion is not possible In the given condition, friction provides the
So ar ≠ 0 required centripetal force and that is constant.
If at ≠ 0 the motion is not uniform as angular i.e. mω2r = constant.
velocity will change 2
1 ω  1
2
So ar ≠ 0 and at = 0 for uniform circular ∴ r ∝ 2 ∴ r2 = r1  1  = 9   = 1 cm
motion ω  ω2  3
33
40. Using, v = 14 m/s
µmg = mω2r v 14
ω= = = 0.28 rad/s
µg 0.4 ×10 r 50
∴ ω= = = 4 = 2 rad/s
r 1 48. For the crate not to slide, the centripetal force
mv 2
41. Using, should be = µmg
r
µsmg ≤ mrω2
∴ v2 = µrg = 0.6 × 35 × 9.8 = 205.8
µsg = rω2 (For minimum angular speed)
∴ v = 14.3 m/s
µg 0.25 × 9.8 25
ω2 = s = −2
= × 9.8 49. Using,
r 5 ×10 5
mv 2 mv 2
= 9.8 × 5 = 49.0 µmg = ∴ 0.5 mg =
r r
∴ ω = 7 rad/s
v2 = 0.5 × r × g = 0.5 × 10 × 9.8 = 49
42. Breaking tension = 4 × 10 = 40 N ∴ v = 7 m/s
∴ T = mrω2 50. Since car turns through 90° after travelling
T 40 471 m on the circular road, the distance 471 m is
∴ ω2 = = = 200
mr 200 × 10 −3 × 1 quarter of the circumference of the circular path.
∴ ω ≈ 14 rad/s If R is the radius of the circular path, then
1
43. Using, (2πR) = 471
4
v2 = µrg = 0.8 × 100 × 9.8 = 784
471 × 2 471 × 2
∴ v = 28 m/s ∴ R= = = 300 m
π 3.14
44. v= µgr v = 12 m/s, m = 1000 kg
∴ Centripetal force,
v
i.e. 10
µ
When µ becomes , v becomes mv
2
1000 × (12) 2
2 2 2 Fcp = = = 480 N
R 300
= 10 2 = 5 2 ms–1 51. r = 50 m, l = 10 m, h = 1.5 m
2
v2 h
=
36 ×103 rg l
45. v = 36 km/hr = = 10 m/s
3600 rgh 50 × 9.8 × 1.5
The speed with which the car turns is ∴ v= = = 8.6 m/s
l 10
v2 ≥ µRg
52. l = 1 m, g = 110 m/s2
1
∴ R ≤ (10)2 × = 12.5 m 5
0.8 ×10 r = 400 m, v = 72 km/hr = 72 × = 20 m/s,
18
R ≤ 12.5 m
v2 h
∴ R = 12 m =
rg l
46. v = 12 m / s, v′ = 4 2 m / s v2l 20 × 20 × 1
∴ h= = = 0.1 m = 10 cm
v= µrg rg 400 × 10
∴ 12 = µrg , 4 2 = µ′rg 53. This horizontal inward component provides
required centripetal force to negotiate the
12 µ 3 µ curve safely.
= ⇒ =
4 2 µ′ 2 µ′ 2
2 54. tan θ = v ⇒ tan θ ∝ v2

∴ µ′ = µ rg
9
tan θ1 2 2 1
∴ = v1 = v =
47. Using, tan θ2 4
v 22 4v 2
v = µrg = 0.4 × 50 × 9.8 = 196 ∴ tan θ2 = 4 tan θ1
34
h v2 62. Using,
55. sin θ = and tan θ =
l rg v2
tan θ =
  h 
2 rg
v
∴ tan sin −1   =
  l  rg ∴ v= tan θ rg
= tan 30o × 17.32 × 10
1  v2 h 
56. Reaction on inner wheel, R1 = M g − 
2  ra  1
= ×17.32 ×10 = 10 m/s
1  v h 2 3
Reaction on outer wheel, R2 = M g + 
2  ra  63. Using,
where, r = radius of circular path, v2 20 × 20 20
2a = distance between two wheels and tan θ = = = = 2.04
h = height of centre of gravity of car. rg 20 × 9.8 9.8
θ = tan–1 (2.04) = 63.90°
57. Using,
h 5 50
tan θ ≈ θ = 64. v = 60 km/h = 60 × = m/s,
l 18 3
h = l θ = 1.5 × 0.01 = 0.015 m r = 0.1 km = 0.1 × 1000= 100 m
2
tan θ = v =   ×
2
50 1
58. θ = sin−1(0.2), N = 2000 N
1 rg  3  0.1× 103 × 9.8
5 sin θ = 0.2 =
θ = tan–1  (50 / 3) 
2
1 5 ∴
θ  100 × 9.8 
24
mg = N cos θ 5
65. v = 180 km/hr = × 180 = 50 m/s
24 18
∴ Weight = N cos θ = × 2000 = 1959.6 N
5 Using,
 2
24  v2 50 × 50 5 1
…. Q cos θ = 1 −   =
1 tan θ = = = =

  5 5  rg 500 ×10 10 2
 
1
59. Using, ∴ θ = tan−1   = tan−1 (0.5)
 2
v= rg tan θ = 10 ×10 × tan θ
66. m = 80 kg, v = 20 m/s, θ = tan−1(0.5)
10 = 10 tanθ In order for the cyclist to turn,
tan θ = 1 ∴ θ = 45° frictional force = centripetal force
60. Using, h = l sin θ  v2  v2
∴ µmg = m   = mg
∴ sin θ ≈ tan θ = =
h 1.2
= 0.15  r  rg
l 8 v2
∴ tan θ = 0.15 But = tan θ
rg
Now, v = rg tan θ = 40 × 9.8 × 0.15 ≈ 8 m/s ∴ µmg = mg tan θ = 80 × 10 × 0.5 = 400 N
61. The maximum velocity for a banked road with 67. Let initial velocity = v1
friction,
New velocity v2 = v 1 +
20  6v
 µ + tan θ   =
v2 = gr   100  5

 1 − µ tan θ  v12 v2
r1 = 30 m, tan θ1 = , tan θ2 = 2
 0.5 + 1  r1g r2g
∴ v2 = 9.8 × 1000 ×   …. [Q tan 45 = 1]
 1 − 0.5 ×1  As there is no change in angle of banking,
∴ v ≈ 172 m/s θ1 = θ2 ∴ tan θ1 = tan θ2
35
v12 v2 72. Using,

∴ = 2 r = l sinθ
r1g r2g
2 r = 10 sin 30° ⇒ r = 5 m, T = 3 s
2   2
r1 v     5 25 2π 2π
∴ =  1  =  v1  =   = ω= =
 v2   6 36 T 3
r2  6 v1 
5  Centripetal force = mω2r
36 36 216 4π 2
∴ r2 = r1 = × 30 = = 43.2 m = 5 × 10−2 × ×5
25 25 5 9
68. Using, = 25 × 10−2 × 4
mv 2 v2 = 100 × 10−2 ≈ 1 N
Fs = But, tan θ =
r rg mg
2
73. T=
v cos θ
= g tan θ θ
r L
h L2 − r 2 h
Fs = mg tan θ = 90 × 10 × tan 30° ≈ 520 N cosθ = =
L L
 v2  mg L
69. For banking of road, θ = tan–1   ∴ T= r
 rg  L2 − r 2
–1
θ = tan (0.24)
74. At the highest point,
∴ tan θ = 0.24
v2 mv 2
Also, tan θ = = µ ⇒ µ = 0.24 mg =
rg r
∴ v = rg = 4000 × 10 = 200 m/s
70. T = ma = mrω2
T ∝ ω2 75. r = 6.4 m
ω' 2 T' 4T Minimum velocity at the bottom,
2
= = =4
ω T T v = 5gr = 5 × 9.8× 6.4 = 313.6 = 17.7 m/s
∴ ω′2 = 4ω2 ∴ ω′ = 2 ω
n′ = 2n = 2 × 5 = 10 r.p.m. 76. Using,
mv2
71. Using, F= = mω2r = mg
T sin θ = mω2r = mω2 l sin θ ….(i) r
T cos θ = mg ….(ii) g 2π 9.8
∴ ω= ⇒ =
r T 4
2π× 2
60° ∴ T= ≈4s
T 9.8
T cosθ m 2 m 2
ar
77. TL − TH = (u + gr) − (u − 5gr)
Tsinθ r r
mg m m
= (u2 + gr − u2 + 5gr) = (6gr) = 6 mg
g r r
∴ From (i) and (ii), ω2 =
l cos θ 78. Using,
g
∴ ω= mv 2 2 × (4) 2
l cos θ = = 32 N
r 1
2π l cos θ It is clear that tension will be 52 N at the
∴ Time period, T = = 2π
ω g bottom of the circle because we know that,
1 × cos 60° mv 2
= 2 × 3.14 × = 1.4 s TBottom = mg +
10 r
36
79. TL = 350 N mv 22
Using, mg – N2 =
r
mv 2 ∴ N2 = 667 – 444 = 223 N
= TL – mg = (2 × 350 – 40 × 10) = 300
r
300 × 3 86. By conservation of energy,
∴ v2 = = 22.5 m/s 1
40 mv2 = mgh
v ≈ 4.7 m/s 2
v = 2gh ….(i)
80. At the highest point of the circle,
For looping the loop, the lower velocity must
mv 2  4 ×104 
F= − mg = 70 ×  − 10  = 6300 N be greater than 5gr
r  400 
5gD
81. At the lowest point of the circle, vmin = 5gr = ….(ii)
2
mv 2  4 ×104  From (i) and (ii),
F = + mg = 70 ×  + 10  = 7700 N
r  400  5gD
2gh =
82. Using, 2
5D
mv 2 h=
= mg 4
r
∴ v2 = gr 87. According to law of conservation of energy,
v= gr = 10× 12.1 = 121 = 11 m/s 1 1
mgh = mv2 = m × 5 × Rg
2 2
83. Using, 2 2
1 1 ∴ R= h= × 5 = 2 cm
(K.E.)L−(K.E.)H = m  v 2L − v 2H  = m[5 rg − rg] 5 5
2 2
= 2 mrg = 2 × 1 × 1 × 10 89. Using,
= 20 J ω − ω 0 36 − 0
α= = = 6 rad/s2
84. Even though particle is moving in a vertical t 6
loop, its speed remain constant. 1 2 1
θ = ω0t + αt = × 6 × 6 × 6 = 108 rad
mv 2 2 2
Tension at lowest point, Tmax = + mg
r 1200
90. n2 = 1200 r.p.m. = = 20 r.p.s.
mv 2 60
Tension at highest point, Tmin = − mg
r 600
n1 = 600 r.p.m. = = 10 r.p.s., t = 5 s
mv 2 60
+ mg
Tmax 5 2π ( n 2 − n1 )
= r2 = α= 2
ω − ω1
= =
2π ( 20 −10 )
Tmin mv 3
− mg t t 5
r 20π
By solving we get, v = 4gr = 4× 9.8× 2.5 = = 4π rad/s2
5
= 98 m/s 1 1
θ = ω1t + α t2 = 20π × 5 + × 4π × 25
85. Using, 2 2
= 100 π + 50 π = 150 π
mv12
mg – N1 = θ 150π
r Number of revolutions = = = 75
2π 2π
mv12
∴ = 667 – 556 = 111
r ω θ
91. α= and ω =
Let v2 = 2v1 t t
mv 22 4mv12 θ
∴ = = 4 × 111 = 444 ∴ α= 2
r r t
37
But α = constant ⇒ θ ∝ t2 Q T = Time taken for one revolution
θ1 (2)2 There are 2 revolutions ⇒ total time taken = 1 s
So, =
θ1 + θ2 (2 + 3)2 2π
ω= =4π ....(Q T = 1)
θ1 4 T
or = dω 4
θ1 + θ2 25 α= = π = 2π
dt 2
θ +θ 25
or 1 2 = 20
θ1 4 at = α . r i.e. = 2π × = 40 m/s2
π
θ 25
or 1 + 2 = 95. Using,
θ1 4
mv12
θ2 21 Maximum tension, Tmax = + mg
∴ = r
θ1 4
mv 22
92. By using equation ω2 = ω20 − 2αθ Minimum tension, Tmin = − mg
r
2
 ω0  2
Using the law of conservation of energy,
  = ω0 − 2α(2πn) 1 2 1 2
 2  mv1 = mv 2 + 2mgr
3 ω 20 2 2
∴ α= ....(i) ∴
2 2
v1 = v2 + 4rg
4 4π × 36
Now let fan complete total n′ revolutions from v12
+ g v 2 + rg
the starting to come to rest Hence Tmax = r2 = 12
0 = ω20 − 2α(2πn′) Tmin v2
−g
v 2 − rg
r
ω02
∴ n′ = v 2 5rg 4
4απ = 22 + 2 2
= ….[Q v1 = v2 + 4rg]
v 2 − rg 1
Substituting the value of α from equation (i),
ω 2 4 × 4π × 36 This gives, 4v22 − 4rg = v22 + 5rg
n′ = 0 = 48 revolutions
4π 3ω02 3v22 = 9 rg = 9 ×
10
∴ × 10
Number of rotations = 48 – 36 = 12 3
93. Let velocity at A = v1 9 10
∴ v22 = × × 10
Velocity at B = v2 3 3
Q Velocity is constant, ∴
v 22 = 100
∴ v1 = v2 = v (say)
∠AOB = 60° ∴ v2 = 10 m/s
∴ Change in velocity,
|v1 − v2 |= v12 + v 22 − 2v1v 2 cos θ Competitive Thinking
= v 2 + v 2 − 2v 2 × cos θ 2. TE = 24 hr, TH = 12 hr
ω E 2π / TE TH 12 1
θ ∴ = = = =
= 2v 2 (1 − cos θ ) = v 2 × 2sin 2 ω H 2π / TH TE 24 2
2
θ 3. n1 = 600 r.p.m., n2 = 1200 r.p.m.,
= 2 v sin
= 2 v sin 30° Using,
2
(Note: Refer Shortcut 2.) Increment in angular velocity, ω = 2π(n2 − n1)
ω = 2π(1200 − 600) rad/min
94. Using,
= (2π × 600)/60 rad/s
2πr
v= ω = 20π rad/s
T 4. For an hour hand, T = 12 hr = 12 × 3600 s
2πr 2π 20 1 2π
∴ T= = × = s 2π π
v 80 π 2 ω= = = rad/s
T 12 × 3600 21600
38
5. Angular speed of second hand, 2π 1 v2 →
v1 →
=2×1× ×
2π T 2 90°
ω1 = (T = 60 seconds)
60 4π π 2 cm
Angular speed of hour hand, = =
60 2 30 s
2π
ω2 = (T = 12 hr) (Note: Refer Shortcut 2.)
12 × 60 × 60
ω1 720 16. In circular motion,
= 12 × 60 = Centripetal force ⊥ Displacement
ω2 1
∴ work done is zero.
2π
6. Angular speed of minute hand ωm = 17. L = Iω. In U.C.M., ω = constant
60 × 60 ∴ L = constant
2π
Angular speed of second hand ωs = 18. Work done by centripetal force in uniform
60 circular motion is always equal to zero.
2π 2π 59π 20. Angular momentum is an axial vector. It is
∴ ωs − ωm = − = rad / s
60 3600 1800 directed always in a fixed direction
d 2θ (perpendicular to the plane of rotation either
8. Angular acceleration = = 2θ2 outward or inward), if the sense of rotation
dt 2
remains same.
9. v = rω
21. The instantaneous velocity of a body in
v U.C.M. is always perpendicular to the radius
∴ ω= = constant [As v and r are constant]
r or along the tangent to the circle at the point.
10. T1 = T 2 ⇒ ω 1 = ω 2 22. In one complete revolution, total displacement
v v is zero. So average velocity is zero.
ω= ⇒ = constant
r r p
23. r = π, n =   r.p.s.
∴
v1 v 2
=
v
⇒ 1= 1=
r R t
r1 r2 v 2 r2 r p 2π 2 p
v = rω = r × 2πn = π × 2π × =
11. For seconds hand, T = 60 s, t t
r = 3 cm = 3 × 10−2 m 1 2E
2π 2π 24. E= mv2 ⇒ v2 =
ω= = = 0.1047 rad/s 2 m
T 60 v 2
2E
and v = ωr = 0.1047 × 3 × 10−2 = 0.00314 m/s a= =
r mr
600 27. The radius vector points outwards while the
12. n = 600 r.p.m. = r.p.s. = 10 r.p.s.
60 centripetal acceleration points inwards along the
v = rω = r × 2πn = 10 × 2 × 3.142 × 10 radius.
= 628.4 cm/s. 28.
13. Using, ax P(R,θ)
→
v = rω = 0.5 × 70 = 35 m/s a
Total time 140s θ
14. No.of revolutions = = R ay
Time period 40s
= 3.5 Rev.
So, distance = 3.5 × 2πR = 3.5 × 2π × 10
→ v2 v2
≈ 220 m a = − cos θ î − sin θ ˆj
15. In 15 seconds hand rotates through 90° R R
→
θ 29. They have same angular speed ω.
Change in velocity ∆ v = 2v sin  
 2 Centripetal acceleration = ω2r
 90°  a1 ω2r r
= 2(rω) sin  = 21 = 1
 r2
 2  a2 ω r2
39
2 2
2  2π  2  2π 
30. a=ωR=   (5 × 10 ) = 5 m/s
−2
k2l = m(3l)   ….(ii)
 0.2 π   T1 
31. Using, ….(Q x = 2l here)
ω = 2πn = 2π × 1 = 2π rad/s Taking ratios
a = rω2 = 0.4 × (2π)2 = 0.4 × 4 π2 kl m(2l ) (2π / T)2
=
a = 1.6 π2 m/s2 k2l m(3l ) (2 π / T1 ) 2
32. Since, n = 2, ω = 2π × 2 = 4π rad/s2 2
 T1  3
25 ∴   =
So acceleration = ω2r = (4π)2 × m/s2 = 4π2 T 4
100
3
33. Using, ⇒ T1 = T
2
a = ω2r = 4π2n2r = 4(3.14)2 × 12 × 20 × 103 44. v = 36 km/h = 10 m/s
∴ a ≈ 8 × 105 m/s2 Using,
34. Net acceleration in non-uniform circular motion mv 2 500 ×100
2
∴ F= = = 1000 N
 900  r 50
a= 2
a +a
t
2
c = (2) + 
2
 ≈ 2.7 m/s
2
 500  45. m = 100 kg, v = 9 m/s, r = 30 m

2 Maximum force of friction = centripetal force
mv 2 m  p  p2
37. Radial force = =   = mv 2 100 × (9) 2
r r m mr = = 270 N
r 30
….[Q p = mv]
46. Using, F = mrω2 = m 4π2n2r
39. Using,
∴ m 4π2n2r = 4 × 10−13
T
T = mrω2 ⇒ ω2 = 4 ×10−13
mr ∴ n=
6.4 1.6 ×10−27 × 4 × 3.142 × 0.1
∴ ω= ≈ 3 rad/s
0.1× 6 ∴ n = 0.08 × 108 cycles/second
mv 2 mv 2
40. F= 47. The centripetal force, F =
r r
2
∴ F ∝ v . If v becomes double, then F (tendency mv 2
to overturn) will become four times. ∴ r=
F
41. L = r p sin θ = r p for U.C.M. [Q θ = 90°] ∴ r ∝ v2 or v ∝ r
L2 r 2m 2 v 2 mv 2 v1 r1 1
∴ = = (If m and F are constant), = =
mr3 mr 3 r v2 r2 2
42. Using,
48. r1 = 4 cm, ω2 = 2ω1
T = mω2r
rω2 = constant
∴ 10 = 0.25 × ω2 × 0.1 ∴ ω = 20 rad/s
∴ r1 ω12 = r2 ω22 ∴ r1 ω12 = r1 (2ω1 )2 = r1 = 4 r2
43. F = mω2r
r 4
2π ∴ r2 = 1 = = 1 cm
Substituting for r = 2l, ω = 4 4
T
2 mv 2
 2π  49. F=
kl = m(2l)   ….(i) r
T 2
F ∝ v i.e. force will become 4 times.
….(Q F = kx and x = l here)
50. Let the bead starts slipping
Upon speeding, F1 = mω12 r1 after time t
2π For critical condition,
Substituting for r1 = 3l, ω1 =
T1 frictional force provides the
centripetal force L
40
mω2L = µR = µm × a1 = µLmα v2
60. Using, tan θ =
⇒ m(αt)2L = µmLα rg
µ (150) 2
⇒t= ....[Q ω = αt] ∴ tan12° =
α r ×10
51. ∴ r = 10.6 × 103 m = 10.6 km
O T m 61. For banking, tan θ =
v2
l Rg
T v2
m tan 45 = =1
m 90 ×10
v = 30 m/s
Tension T in the string will provide centripetal
h h
mv 2 62. tan θ = ≈
force ⇒ =T ….(i) 2 2 1/2
(l − h ) l
l l
Also, tension T is provided by the hanging (l2 >> h2) h
θ
ball of mass m, v2 r
tan θ =
⇒ T = mg ….(ii) rg
2 2
mv v
mg = ⇒g= h v2 v 2l
l l = ∴ h=
l rg rg
52. Because the reaction on inner wheel decreases
and becomes zero. So it leaves the ground first. 63. The inclination of person from vertical is given by,
56. Using, v2 (10) 2 1
tan θ = = =
vmax = µrg = 0.2 ×100 × 9.8 = 14 m/s rg 50 ×10 5
57. Using, ∴ θ = tan−1(1/5)
v = µrg = 0.4 × 30 × 9.8 = 10.84 m/s 64. The particle is moving in circular path.
58. As the car moves on a plain horizontal circular From the figure, mg = R sin θ …(i)
track, the only force that can provide mv 2
centripetal acceleration so that the car does not = R cos θ …(ii)
r
skid is frictional force.
From equation (i) and (ii) Rsinθ
mv 2 v2 R
∴ = µmg ⇒µ= we get
r rg Rcosθ θ
rg r
5 tan θ = 2 but tan θ =
v = 60 km/hr = 60 × m/s, r = 60 m, g = 10 m/s2 v h mg
18 v 2
(0.5) 2
2 ∴ h= = = 0.025 m θ h
 5
µ =  60 ×  60 ×10 g 10
 18 
= 2.5 cm
∴ µ = 25/54
65. Because tension is maximum at the lowest
34.3
59. C = 34.3 m ⇒ r = , point.
2× π
2π 2π 66. When body is released from the position
T = 22 s ⇒ ω = = s (inclined at angle θ from vertical), then
T 22 velocity at mean position,
 rω 2  −1  34.3 2 π × 2π 1  v = 2gl (1− cosθ)
∴ θ = tan−1   = tan  × × 
 g   2π 22 9.8 
mv 2
∴ Tension at the lowest point = mg +
 22 1  −1  4.9 × 2  l
= tan−1  34.3 × 2 × ×  = tan  
 7 × 22 9.8   9.8  m
= mg + [2gl(1 − cos60°)] = mg+ mg = 2mg
= tan−1 (1) = 45° l
41
67. 77. Tmax = 30 N
T Using,
θ
Tmax = mω2max r + mg
Tmax
mg mg cosθ
∴ = ω2r + g
mg sinθ m
30
From the figure, − 10 = ω2max r
T = mg cosθ + mg sinθ 0.5
∴ T = mg cosθ + mv2/L ωmax =
50
=
50
= 5 rad/s
mv 2 r 2
68. Tension at mean position, mg + = 3mg
r 78. Max. tension that string can bear = 3.7 kg-wt
v= 2gl .…(i) = 37 N
and if the body displaces by angle θ with the Tension at lowest point of vertical loop
= mg + m ω2r = 0.5 × 10 + 0.5 × ω2 × 4
vertical then v = 2gl (1 − cos θ) .…(ii)
= 5 + 2ω2
Comparing (i) and (ii), cos θ = 0 ∴ 37 = 5 + 2ω 2
∴ θ = 90° ∴ ω = 4 rad/s
mv 2
71. Tension, T = + mg cos θ 79. Using,
r
mv 2L
mv 2 TL = + mg = 6 mg = 6 × 5 × 10 = 130 N
For, θ = 30°, T1 = + mg cos 30° r
r ∴ The mass is at the bottom position.
mv 2
θ = 60°, T2 = + mg cos 60° 5
r 82. (K.E)L = mgr …(i)
∴ T1 > T2 2
1
72. T = mg + mω2r = m {g + 4π2 n 2 r} (K.E)H = mgr …(ii)
2
….[ω = 2πn] ∴ Divide equation (ii) by equation (i)
   n  
2
  π2 n 2 r  1 
= m g +  4π2   r  = m g +    mgr 
   60   =   = 1 = 0.2
(K.E) H 2
  900  ∴
(K.E) L 5  5
73. Minimum angular velocity,  mgr 
 2 
g
ωmin = 2π
R 83. ωhour =
Thour
2π R 2
∴ Tmax = = 2π = 2π =2 2 ≈ 3 s 2π 180
ω min g 10 = ×
12 × 60 × 60 π
74. Using, mrω2 = mg 180°
2
...{Q 1c = }
 2π  4 π 2r π
∴ r   = g ⇒ T2 = 1
T  g ωhour = degree / s
120
r 4
∴ T = 2π = 2 × 3.14 × ≈4s
g 9.8 84. Centripetal acceleration
v2
75. Critical velocity at highest point = gR = K 2 t2 r
r
= 10×1.6 ∴ v=Ktr
= 4 m/s dv d
acceleration, a = = (K t r) = Kr
dt dt
v2 3gr
76. v= 3gr and a = = = 3g F=m×a
r r and P = F × v = mKr × Ktr = mK2 t r2
42
2 ⇒ v 12 = 4v 22
85. n= r.p.s.
π ⇒ v1 = 2v2
T sinθ = Mω2R .…(i)
90. Linear velocity, v = ωr = 2πnr
T sinθ = Mω2L sinθ .…(ii)
From (i) and (ii), = 2 × 3.14 × 3 × 0.1
2 = 1.88 m/s
 2
T = Mω2L = M 4π2n2L = M 4π2   L = 16 ML Acceleration, a = ω2r = (6π)2 × 0.1 = 35.5 m/s2
 π 
Tension in string, T = m ω2r = 1 × (6π)2
mv 2 k = 1 × (6π)2 × 0.1
86. = 2 = 35.5 N
r r
2 k 93. Centripetal acceleration,
∴ mv =
r 4π2 r 4π2
ac = ω2r = = × 5 × 10−2 = 5 ms−2
1 k T2 (0.2π) 2
∴ K.E.= mv2 =
2 2r As particle is moving with constant speed, its
k k tangential acceleration, aT = 0.
P.E. = ∫ Fdr = ∫ 2 dr = − The acceleration of the particle,
r r
k k k a= a c2 + a T2 = 52 + 02 = 5 m/s2
∴ Total energy = K.E + P.E = − =−
2r r 2r
94.
87. v2 = u2 + 2atS
∴ v2 = 2atS ... {Q u = 0}
2
v
at =
∴ 2S
At the end of second revolution, the particle
travels a distance equal to twice the Given
circumference of circle. Angular acceleration α = 2 rad s−2
∴ S = 2(2πr) = 4πr ∴ Angular speed ω = αt = (2) (2) = 4 rad/s
v2 ac = rω2 = 0.5 × 16 = 8 m/s2
∴ at =
2 ( 4πr ) at = αr = 1 m/s2
Resultant acceleration is given by,
v2
∴ at = a= a 2c + a 2t = 82 + 12 ≈ 8 m/s
2
8πr
88. m = 10 g = 0.01 kg 95. At an instant, speed of P = v, going in
r = 6.4 cm = 6.4 × 10–2 m, clockwise direction
1 Speed of Q = v, going in anticlockwise
K.E. of particle = 2 mv2 direction
1 Relative angular velocity of P w.r.t.
2 –4
∴ 2 mv = 8 × 10 J Q = ω− (−ω) = 2 ω
16 × 10−4 Relative angular separation of P and Q in time t
∴ v2 = = 16 × 10–2
0.01 θ = 2 ωt.
v2 = u2 + 2ats Relative speed between the points P and Q at
∴ v2 = 2ats ….{Q u = 0} time t
→
s = 2(2πr) | vr | = v 2 + v 2 − 2vv cos(2ω r)
∴ v2 = 2at4πr
v2 16 × 10−2 = 2v 2 (1 − cos 2ω r) = 2v 2 × 2sin 2 ω r
∴ at = = −2
= 0.1 m/s2
8πr 8 × 3.14 × 6.4 ×10 = 2v sin ωr
2
89.
mv
=
( 2m ) v
2
1 2
→
Since, | v r | will not have any negative value
r r
so the lower part of the sine wave will come
2 upper side.
43
N = 0. Substituting this value for N into
The Answers to Physics of…..
Equation (1) gives, v = gR
1. A trapeze act in a circus The rider has to make certain that his speed at
When the man and his partner are stationary, the top of the loop is greater than gR so that
the man’s arms must support his partner’s
he does not lose contact with the loop and fall
weight. When the two are swinging, however,
away from it. Note that this speed requirement is
the man’s arms must do an additional job. Then,
independent of mass rider and his bicycle.
the partner is moving on a circular arc and has
a centripetal acceleration. The man’s arms must
exert an additional pull so that there will be
sufficient centripetal force to produce this
acceleration. Because of the additional pull, it is
harder for the man to hold his partner while
swinging than while stationary.
2. Riding the bicycle in a loop the loop

A key idea in analyzing the stunt is to assume
that rider and his bicycle travel through the top
of the loop as a single particle in uniform
circular motion. Thus, at the top, the
→
acceleration a of this particle must have the
magnitude a = v2/R and be directed downwards,
toward the centre of the circular loop.
→
The gravitational force Fg is directed downward
→
along a y-axis. The normal force N on the
particle from the loop is also directed
downward. Thus, Newton’s second law for
y-axis components (Fnet,y = may) gives us
−N − Fg = m(−a)
 v2 
∴ −N − mg = m   …(1)
R
Another Key idea is that if the particle has the
least speed v needed to remain in contact, then it
is on the verge of losing contact with the loop
(falling away from the loop), which means that
44
Evaluation Test
1. In children’s park, there was a slide to be 6. A smooth sphere of radius R is made to
made by contract. By mistake, the person who translate in a straight line with constant
had taken the contract made the coefficient of acceleration g. A particle kept on top of the
friction of the slide as high as 1/3. Now, the sphere is released from there with zero
fun is that the child expecting to slide down velocity w.r.t. sphere. The speed of particle
the incline will stop somewhere in between. w.r.t sphere as a function of θ is,
Find the angle θ with the horizontal at which Fpseudo N
he will stop on the incline. (Assume negligible mv 2
frictional losses) θ R
(A) 45° (B) 37° mg
(C) 53° (D) 60°
2. A particle is moving parallel to X-axis such
that y-component of its position vector is ⇒ a=g
constant and equal to ‘b’. The angular velocity Fpseudo = mg
about the origin will be  sin θ + cos θ 
(A) Rg  
v 2 v  2 
(A) sin θ (B)
b b (B) Rg (1 + cos θ − sin θ )
v
(C) sin θ (D) vb (C) 4Rg sin θ
b
(D) 2Rg (1 + sin θ − cos θ)
3. A wire which is bent in the shape of a curve
given by, y = a3 x4. A bead of mass m is 7. Tangential acceleration of a particle moving
located at point P(x, y). If the wire is smooth, on a circle of radius 1m varies with time t as
find ω with which wire needs to be rotated for shown in the graph (initial velocity of particle
bead to be static. is zero). Time after which total acceleration of
particle makes an angle of 30° with radial
(A) a x 3g (B) 2a x 3g acceleration is,
(C) 2x a 3g (D) x a 3g (A) 4 s
at
4
(B) s
4. A circular disc of radius R is rotating about its 3
axis through O with uniform angular velocity (C) 22/ 3 s 60°
ω rad/s as shown. The magnitude of velocity
(D) 2s t(s)
of A relative to B is B
(A) zero 8. A small block can move in a straight horizontal
(B) Rω sin (θ/2) line along AB. Flash lights from one side
ω
(C) 2Rω sin (θ/2) O θ project its shadow on a vertical wall which has
a horizontal cross-section as a circle. Find
(D) 3 Rω sin (θ/2) A radial acceleration as a function of time.
vR 2
5. With what minimum speed v must a small ball (A)
be pushed inside a smooth vertical tube from a ( 3R t − Rvt 2 )
2
B
height h so that it may reach the top of the vR
(B) R
tube? ( 2Rt − vt 2 )
(A) 2g (h + 2R) R.t −2/ 3
(C)
2 2 2/ 3 v = constant
(B)
5
R
( 2R t − vR t )
3
2 3
R vRt
(C) g(5R − 2h) h (D) 2
A
v
 R
(D) 2g (2R − h) t −  Top view
 v
45
9. A bob attached to a string is held horizontal 12. A bullet is moving horizontally with certain
and released. The tension and vertical distance velocity. It pierces two paper discs rotating co-
from point of suspension can be represented axially with angular speed ω separated by a
by distance l. If the hole made by bullet on
second disc is shifted by an angle θ with
respect to the first, find velocity of bullet.
lθ
(A) ωl (B)
ω
T T
(A) (B) l
(C) ω (D) ωl (θ)2
θ
13. Given is the α-t graph for a car wheel, where
h h
brakes produce an acceleration α. Which of
the following can be the form of θ − t graph ?
T T
α
(C) (D)
α0
h h
t
10. A ball enters a semicircular tube with velocity
(A) Straight line (B) Parabola
v and maintains a constant velocity. Find the
(C) Circle (D) Hyperbola
average force required to keep the tube stable.
Favg 14. A cyclist is going on an overbridge with
constant speed. The value of frictional force
acting on the cycle
r
v
m R
m v
mv 2 2mv 2
(A) (B)
πr πr (A) first decreases and then increases.
2mv 2 2π 2 (B) first increases and then decreases.
(C) (D) mv
r r (C) decreases continuously.
(D) increases continuously.
11. Consider an object of mass m that moves in a
circular orbit with constant velocity v0 along 15. For the given situation as shown in the graph,
the inside of a cone. Assume the wall of the the initial angular velocity of the particle is
cone to be frictionless. Find radius of the orbit. 2π rad/s. What will be the final angular
velocity if the particle follows the given α − t
graph?
v0 m α
v02 v02
(A) tan 2 φ (B) cos2 φ t
g g t=2 t=6
v02 v 02 (A) 3π rad/s (B) 4π rad/s
(C) tan φ (D)
g g (C) 5π rad/s (D) 6π rad/s
46
16. A particle is going in a uniform helical and 18. The metro which has been recently introduced
spiral path separately below with constant in Mumbai, encounters a sharp turn between
speed as shown in figure. Andheri and Chakala. To avoid any derailing
issues, the authorities thought of banking the
rails. The turn is of a radius of 400 m and the
maximum speed attained by Mumbai Metro is
72 km/hr. If the distance between the rails is
1 m then through what height should the outer
rail be raised?
(A) 2.5 cm (B) 0.5 cm
(C) 10 cm (D) 15 cm
19. A clown is exhibiting a magic trick on the
(A) (B)
streets wherein he rotates a bucket in a vertical
plane without allowing the water in it to spill
(A) The velocity of particle is constant in out. Here, clearly the clown uses centrifugal
both cases. force to balance the weight of water. This will
be possible when,
(B) The acceleration of particle is constant
400g
in both cases. (A) the bucket has r.p.m. =
π2 R
(C) The magnitude of acceleration is
(B) the bucket has maximum speed = 2gR
constant in (A) and decreasing in (B).
(D) The magnitude of acceleration is 900g
(C) the bucket has r.p.m. =
decreasing continuously in both cases. π2R
3600g
(D) the bucket has r.p.m =
17. Figure shows the plot of angular displacement π2 R
and time of rotating disc. Corresponding to the
segments marked in the plot, the direction of 20. The graphs below show angular velocity as a
motion is as: function of θ. In which one of these is the
magnitude of angular velocity constantly
(A) Disc rotates in clockwise direction in decreasing with time?
segments OA and AB. ω θ ω
(B) Disc rotates in clockwise direction in the (A) (B)
segment OA but in anticlockwise
direction in the segment AB.
θ
(C) Disc rotates in anticlockwise direction in
segment BC.
(C) θ (D) ω θ
(D) At point C, the disc stops rotating
suddenly.
Which of the following is a false statement?
ω
θ
21. For a particle moving in a circle,
C D (A) the resultant force on the particle must
be towards the centre.
(B) the cross product of tangential acceleration
t and angular velocity will be zero.
O B (C) direction of angular acceleration and
angular velocity must be same.
A (D) the resultant force must be away from the
centre.
47
22. A helicopter was designed at MIT in which
Answers to Evaluation Test
there was a different system to keep the
helicopter stable at a height. The radius of the
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (C)
masses and the angular velocity of rotation
5. (D) 6. (D) 7. (C) 8. (B)
can be varied (see figure). The mass of each
9. (A) 10. (B) 11. (C) 12. (C)
bob is 5 kg and the number of bobs is 8.
13. (B) 14. (A) 15. (B) 16. (C)
ω r m 17. (A) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (A)
21. (A) 22. (C) 23. (C) 24. (A)
variable 25. (A)
r
h
variable
During the test run, empty helicopter of mass

400 kg is to be kept stable. Due to small
malfunction, the radius had to be fixed at 1 m
and could not be changed. Find the value of ω
required to successfully complete the test run.
[Take g = 10 m/s2]
(A) 5 rad/s (B) 2.5 rad/s
(C) 10 rad/s (D) 20 rad/s
23. A chain of mass M and radius R placed on a
smooth table is revolving with v about a
vertical axis coinciding with the symmetry
axis of the chain. Find tension in the chain.
Mv 2 Mv 2
(A) (B)
2R R
2
Mv 3 Mv 2
(C) (D)
2 πR 2 R
24. A ball suspended by a thread swings in a
vertical plane so that its acceleration values at
the extreme and lowest positions are equal.
Find the thread deflection angle in extreme
position.
(A) 53° (B) 37°
(C) 45° (D) 47°
25. A swing moving in a children’s garden is
observed to move with an angular velocity
given by, ω = a(t2) î + b(e−t) ĵ . What will be
the angle between angular acceleration and
angular velocity at t = 1 s given that a = b = 1
unit?
(A) 30° (B) 36°
(C) 18° (D) 9°
48

Circular Motion and Practice Sums

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Chapter 01 : Circular Motion

1.1 Angular displacement

1.2 Angular velocity and angular

1.3 Relation between linear velocity and

1.4 Uniform circular motion

1.5 Acceleration in U.C.M

1.6 Centripetal and centrifugal forces

1.9 Vertical circular motion

in a semicircle. 7. Angle which, a cyclist should make with the

where h is height of the outer edge above the

mv2 21. To find out any unknown quantity, if body

(A) 0° (B) 45° ω = 3iˆ − 4ˆj + kˆ and r = 5iˆ − 6ˆj + 6kˆ ?

Miscellaneous 85. A string of length L is fixed at one end and

(B) mK2 r2 t (B) 0.2 m/s2

210 29. r = 10 cm = 0.1 m, a = 1000 × 10 m/s2

2 54. tan θ = v ⇒ tan θ ∝ v2

v12 v2 72. Using,

 500  45. m = 100 kg, v = 9 m/s, r = 30 m

2. Riding the bicycle in a loop the loop

During the test run, empty helicopter of mass

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