Sociology and Anthropology

• Syllabus Outline
I. Principles and Foundation of Sociology
and Anthropology
II. The Person and the Society
III. The Social Institutions
IV. Social Changes
Anthropology
 Anthropology

• Who are you?

• What makes you?
• What is your place in
this world?
 Anthropology
Etymological Definition
• “anthropos” (Greek) = “man”
• “logos” (Greek) = “study”
Essential Definition
• Branch of knowledge which deals with the
scientific study of man, his works, body,
behavior and values within a specific time
and space.
 Anthropology
• “scientific”
– physical, subject to time and space
– human evolution
– fossils of man
– geographical population processes of change
archeological and prehistoric
 Anthropology
• “…man’s works, body, behavior and values”
– Discovers when, where and why humans
appeared on earth
– Why there are variations in physical
features
– Ancient customs and practices
 Anthropology
• “Man”
– Focal point of
anthropological
investigation
and analysis
– Regardless of
color,
affiliation,
belief,
technology
 Anthropology
“Man”
–works and
achievements
• Arts
• Architecture
• Technology
• Sculpture
• Literature
• Music
 Anthropology
– How and why man have changed
– How and why societies across culture and
time have different customary ideas and
practices
– Belief, politics, religion, social life,
aesthetics, health
Branches of Anthropology
 Branches of Anthropology
1. Physical / biological
Anthropology
– Biology + culture
– Paleontology (origin of
man)
– Evolution of race
– Racial classifications
– Racial differentiations
(human genetics)
 Branches of Anthropology
2. Cultural Anthropology
– Social heritage and customs
– Technology
– Economic life community
organizations
– Family life
– Secret societies
– Government
– Law
– Religion
– Arts
Branches of Anthropology
 Branches of Anthropology
2. Cultural
Anthropology
(subdivisions)
– Ethnography (pure
description of
culture)
 Branches of Anthropology
2. Cultural
Anthropology
(subdivisions)
– Ethnology
(comparison of one
culture with
another)
 Branches of Anthropology
2. Cultural
Anthropology
(subdivisions)
– Ethnology
(comparison of
one culture
with another)
 Branches of Anthropology
2. Cultural
Anthropology
(subdivisions)
-- Social
Anthropology
(generalizations
on social life;
enthnology +
ethnography)
 Branches of Anthropology
3. Archeology
– Man’s prehistoric culture and society
– Fossils (organic)
– Artifacts (man made)
 Branches of Anthropology
4. Linguistics
– Recorded and
unrecorded languages
– Relationship between
language and culture
Sociology
 Sociology

• Who are the people

around you?
• What is their story?
• How do these stories
affect you?
 Sociology
Etymological Definition
• “socius” (Latin) = “group / partners”
• “logos” (Greek) = “study”

• “sociology” – coined by August Comte

(French philosopher, 1798-1857)
Essential Definition
• Scientific study of
patterns of human
interaction that
deals with the study
of group life (Joseph
Fichter).
 Sociology
• “scientific”
– Body of knowledge of
patterned structure
– Utilizes scientific methodology
– Investigates the social world
– Inquires how groups are
formed
– Determines how groups affect
the individual and vice versa
 Sociology
• “Human interactions”
– Social relations
– Story of people
– Ways toward each other
– Social behavior
(and not of the individual)
– Changes taking place within society
 Socio-Anthropology
and Other Social Sciences
 Socio-Antrhopology
and Other Social Sciences
• Psychology
– study of processes of the
mind such as perception,
attitudes, values and their
determinants

• History
– Study of the past events
and their context that
possess social significance
 Socio-Antrhopology
and Other Sciences
• Economics
– Study of the production,
distribution and allocation
of material goods and
services of the society
• Political Science
– Studies the ways people
govern themselves through
government structure and
relationships with other
institutions
Forms of Sociology
Areas of Sociology
 Areas of Sociology
1. Social organization
study of the various social
institutions, social
groups, social
stratification, social
mobility, bureaucracy,
ethnic groups and
relations.
 Areas of Sociology
2. Social Psychology
study of human nature as an outcome of group
life, social attitudes, collective behavior and
personality formation.
 Areas of Sociology
3. Social change and disorganization
study of change in culture and social relations
and disruptions that may occur in the society.
 Areas of Sociology
4. Human ecology
study of nature and behavior of a given
population as an outcome of group life, social
attitudes, collective behavior and personality
formation.
 Areas of Sociology
5. Population / Demography
study of population number, composition,
change and quality as they affect the socio-
economic-political system.
 Areas of Sociology
6. Sociological
theory and
method
concerned with
the applicability
of principles and
theories of group
life to social
environment.
 Areas of Sociology
7. Applied sociology
use of sociological researches in various fields
such as criminology, social work, community
development and other social issues.
Areas
 Researchable topics
• Effects of migration in the life style of village people
• The effects of OFW phenomena to family
• Comparative study of marriage rites of Tagalog and Ilocanos
• View on death of ancient and modern Filipinos
• K-12 perception and viability among Fishermen of Laguna
• The condition of Filipino nurses
• The naturalization of taboos of advertisements in the
Philippines
• The culture of CFAD students vis-à-vis other colleges
• Sexuality and ethos in advertising
• The economics of fashion among college students
• Teen age smoking and CFAD students
• Prostitution among higher education students
• Different culture among colleges
• K-12 and UST
• Mge eksena sa jeepney
• The Phenomena of “Sabong”
• Qiapo Files: Pananampalataya o Panatisismo
• Qiapo Files: Anting-anting at Lihim ng Langit
• Why do jeepney drivers don’t use
headlights?
• Ate Yema and her Odyssey
 SOCIOLOGY
• Focuses on social
processes
• Recent social science
• Understand way of life,
society culture
• Complimented by
anthropological research
• Originated from Western
civilization (historical)
• Method: particular
(sampling)
ANTHROPOLOGY
• Focuses on culture
• Recent social science
• Understand way of life,
society culture
• Complimented by
sociological researches
• Originated from
primitive groups (pre-
historic)
• Method: generic
(holistic)
 Anthropology and Sociology
• Both sciences attempt to understand way of
life as manifested by the interdependence of
society and culture
• Sociology zooms in at social process,
whereas, Anthropology focuses on culture
• Anthropological studies are used by social
scientists and vice versa
• Thus, both sciences are intimately related to
each other—i.e., humanities.
 Methodology of
Sociology and Anthropology
Scientific
Investigation
 Methodology of
Sociology and Anthropology
• Empirical Investigation
– Direct experience of the phenomena
– Use of the senses
 Methodology of Sociology and
Anthropology
• Objectivity
– Date must be presented, analyzed and
interpreted independently of the researcher’s
own beliefs and value judgments.
– “What you see and not what you want to see”
 Methodology of Sociology and
Anthropology
• Ethnical neutrality
– Neutral in interpretation of
one’s findings, without
being influenced by his
value judgment and
convictions about his own
culture.
 Methodology of Sociology and
Anthropology
• Sociological Imagination(W. Wright Mills’)
– Locating oneself in the period of the society being
studied in der to understand relationships free from
social pressures of his time.
Scientific Investigation
Scientific Investigation
Scientific Investigation
Scientific Investigation
 Relevance of Studying
Sociology and Anthropology
• Better
understanding
of culture and
society
• Expansion of
our world
perspective
 Relevance of Sociology and
Anthropology
• Identification of
uniqueness of one’s
group
• Provide avenues of
respect and
acceptance
 Relevance of Sociology and
Anthropology
• Application of Socio-Anthropological
knowledge to the production and design of
people’s needs.
• to formulate how these needs be known to
everyone.
Unity amidst diversity…
QUIZ