HISTORY

The closest origin of this war is in the famous Constitution of 1886. This had been issued to
introduce fundamental reforms to the Constitution of 63 issued by liberals, exclusively, gathered
in Rionegro. The liberals were divided into two sides: the radicals and the independents. When
Núñez went up to the government, for the second time, as a representative of independent
liberalism, and tried to modify the Constitution of 86, he had to declare himself as a separate
party forming the nationalist (initially National). Its components were independent liberals and
non-extremist conservatives. Thus the radicals remained as the exclusive representatives of
liberalism. The traditionalist conservatives, on the other hand, did not approve the new National
party as the exponent of their ideology and declared themselves as the "Historical". The
movement promoted by Núñez was called "La Regeneración".

This was consolidated by fully rejecting the liberals, excluding them from Congress and the
government, limiting their individual freedom and repressing the press. They only had a small
representation in the legislative chamber. Liberalism began to compact and was supported by the
historical conservatives, who did not consider the nationalists as followers of the ideas of José
Eusebio Caro or José Hilario López, and called for a constitutional reform of a legal and
administrative nature in order to implement a democratic reality of the Constitution of 1886.

Since the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830, factions of different political tendencies were
formed in the countries that resulted. The country where these differences became more evident
was Colombia, in which two sides were set up that would spend the second half of the nineteenth
century confronted to seize the government: Liberals and Conservatives. Both sides used
peasants and some citizens to fight intermittent wars, which spared no atrocities during the
clashes. In addition, the Colombian territory has historically been conducive to the establishment
of guerrillas, which are very difficult to combat. In this way, territories were formed within the
country, which were essentially independent.
 CULTURAL FEATURES

The Thousand Days War was a civil war that devastated the Republic of Colombia and Panama
(which at that time was a Department of Colombia), lasted 3 years, between 1899 and 1902. It
resulted in the conservative victory and the subsequent separation of Panama in 1903. The conflict
was a confrontation between members of the Colombian Liberal Party against the nationalist
conservative government of President Manuel Antonio Sanclemente.

The liberal party was divided into two sides: the radicals and the independents. When Núñez
government went up, for the second time, as a representative of independent liberalism, and tried
to modify the Constitution of 86, he had to declare himself as a separate party forming the
nationalist (initially National). The traditionalist conservatives, on the other hand, did not approve
the new National party as the exponent of their ideology and declared themselves as the "Historic".

Forced recruitment was a characteristic of both sides, regardless of age, therefore many children
were forced into the ranks of armies.

The fact that shook Colombia more strongly and contributed to arousing a feeling of nation in the
population was the separation of the province of Panama in 1903. The Colombian central
government built the interoceanic canal amid many technical and financial difficulties. He did it
through a French company, and was also a victim of the political conflicts that broke out since the
regeneration.
 DESCRIPTION

Between 1899 and 1902 a civil confrontation took place in Colombia. This episode has gone down
in history as the Thousand Days War. There were two sides facing each other: the conservatives
led by the government army in front of a group of liberal guerrillas.

The conservatives sought to consolidate a strong centralist state, while the liberals defended a
federalist approach to the nation.

From the Constitution of 1886 an agreement was established with the Vatican. According to him,
the education of Colombians had to be managed by the Catholic Church. This initiative generated
a deep discontent among the liberals.

From a political point of view the country was in a situation of permanent instability and there was
a social atmosphere of hostility between the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party.

In 1899 the Colombian economy collapsed as a result of low coffee prices in international markets.

The electoral triumph of the conservatives in the elections of 1899 was questioned by the liberals.

The Thousand Days War ended with approximately 100,000 deaths. In the following years there
was a period of economic instability with high inflation rates.

In 1903 the secession of Panama was consumed and the new nation became an independent
republic supported by the United States.
 EXPANDING OUTCOMES

By 1902, the fighting decreased and the Government decided to launch a new and definitive
military offensive, offering the possibility of pardoning the rivals who decided to hand over the
weapons and demobilize.

This led to negotiations with the liberals and several peace treaties, among which the treaty of
Neerlandia stands out, signed on October 24 by Rafael Uribe Uribe and with which the
revolutionaries were recognized as belligerents offering peace with guarantees. The Government
also pledged to release political prisoners, ensure security and eliminate the charge for the
contribution to war.

The liberals had the will to end the hostilities and achieve that through Congress the intervention
of the United States in the case of Panama will be avoided. However, this never happened and on
November 3, 1903 Panama was lost, equivalent to 75,000 square kilometers of territory. The
Thousand Days War ended on November 21, 1902.
 CONCLUSION

The thousand-day war left too many dead, thousands of mutilated and crippled of war. It affected
Colombia as well as Panama, Colombia economically and politically, and Panama politically and
allowed the United States government to influence the separatist decisions of Panama and the
channel which Colombia did not want to build the support of the United States and who saw an
opportunity to build the interoceanic canal. He left an immediate balance of more than 100
thousand Colombians dead. Benjamin Herrera's desire to express his will for peace led him to allow
the execution of Victoriano Lorenzo, accused of indigenous insubordination during the delivery of
arms of the liberal army to the government.
 INVESTIGATION PROJECT

LUISA FERNANDA BEDOYA TANGARIFE

JUAN ESTEBAN TORO TRUJILLO

11-A