A PROJECT

ON

PRINTING DOCUMENT

[Submitted as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for B.A. LL.B (HONS) 5 Year Integrated
Course]
Session: 2019-2020

Submitted On: 22 SEPTEMBER 2019

Submitted By: Submitted to:

NISHITA KOOLWAL MS. JYOTSNA JAIN
Roll no- 71 Faculty- COMPUTER
Class: 1st Semester (B)

UNIVERSITY OF RAJASTHAN
 Declaration

I, NISHITA KOOLWAL, hereby declare that this project titled “PRINTING

DOCUMENTS ”is based on the original research work carried out by me under the
guidance and supervision of MS. JYOTSNA JAIN.

The interpretations put forth are based on my reading and understanding of the
original texts. The books, articles and websites etc. which have been relied upon by
me have been duly acknowledged at the respective places in the text.

For the present project which I am submitting to the university, no degree or

diploma has been conferred on me before, either in this or in any other university.

Date: 19 OCTOBER, 2019 NISHITA KOOLWAL

Roll No. 71

Semester 1st semester (A)

 Certificate

MS. JYOTSNA JAIN Date: 19/10/2019

Faculty : Sociology

University five year law college

This is to certify that NISHITA KOOLWAL, of I semester of University five year

law college, University Of Rajasthan has carried out project entitle “PRINTING
DOCUMENTS” Under my supervision and guidance. It is an investigation report of
a minor project. The student has completed research work in the stipulated time and
according to the norms prescribe for the purpose.

Supervisor
 Acknowledgment

I have written this project, “PRINTING DOCUMENTS” under the supervision of

MS. JYOTSNA JAIN Faculty, University Five Year Law College, University of
Rajasthan, Jaipur. Hisvaluable suggestions herein have not only helped me
immensely in making this workbut also in developing an analytical approach this
work.

I found no words to express my sense of gratitude for Director Dr. Sanjula Thanvi,
and Dy. Director Mr. Manoj Meena and Mr. Abhishek Tiwari constant
encouragement at every step.

I am extremely grateful to librarian and library staff of the college for the support and
cooperation extended by them from time to time.

NISHITA KOOLWAL
 Table of Contents

Title ……………………………………………………………………………..

Declaration of Originality ……………………………………………………..

Certificate …………………………………………………………………

Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………..

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………….

ABSTRACT
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The first computer printer designed was a mechanically driven apparatus by Charles Babbage for
his difference engine in the 19th century; however, his mechanical printer design was not built until
2000.[3] The first electronic printer was the EP-101, invented by Japanese company Epson and
released in 1968.[4][5] The first commercial printers generally used mechanisms from electric
typewriters and Teletype machines. The demand for higher speed led to the development of new
systems specifically for computer use. In the 1980s there were daisy wheel systems similar to
typewriters, line printers that produced similar output but at much higher speed, and dot
matrix systems that could mix text and graphics but produced relatively low-quality output.
The plotter was used for those requiring high quality line art like blueprints.
The introduction of the low-cost laser printer in 1984 with the first HP LaserJet,[6] and the addition
of PostScript in next year's Apple LaserWriter, set off a revolution in printing known as desktop
publishing[7]. Laser printers using PostScript mixed text and graphics, like dot-matrix printers, but at
quality levels formerly available only from commercial typesetting systems. By 1990, most simple
printing tasks like fliers and brochures were now created on personal computers and then laser
printed; expensive offset printing systems were being dumped as scrap. The HP Deskjet of 1988
offered the same advantages as a laser printer in terms of flexibility, but produced somewhat lower
quality output (depending on the paper) from much less expensive mechanisms. Inkjet systems
rapidly displaced dot matrix and daisy wheel printers from the market. By the 2000s high-quality
printers of this sort had fallen under the $100 price point and became commonplace.
 TEXTILE PRINTING

Textile printing is used to signify the production, by various means of colored patterns on designs
upon all sorts of textile fiber.

Textile printing is the most important and versatile of the techniques used to add design, color, and
specialty to textile fabrics.

STEPS OF PRINTING
The basic steps in the printing process are as follows:

1. Preparation of the fabric

2. Preparation of the print paste.
3. Printing the fabric.
4. Drying the printed fabric.
5. Fixation of the printed dye or pigment.
6. Afterwashing.
 PRINT PASTE AND ITS INGREDIENTS

Print paste is a viscous solution of printing ingredients referred

below that is used for textile printing. The main three printing
ingredients are:

• Dyestuff or pigments

• Thickeners: Thickener can be defined as a substance used to

increase the viscosity of a print paste or other fluid, in order to
control its flow properties.

• Chemicals and waters: The main types of chemicals used for

textile printing are wetting agents, solvents, solution acids,
dispersing agents, hygroscopic agents, oxidizing & reducing
agents, defoamers, acids, alkalis, catalyst & carriers, swelling
agents etc.
 PLASTISOL VS. WATER-BASED INK

There are two main types of ink that are used for textile
printing.

Water-based ink utilizes either dyes or pigments in a suspension

with water as the solvent. The evaporation of the water is necessary
to set or cure the ink. Plastisol ink is a PVC based system that
essentially contains no solvent at all.

STYLE OF PRINTING
Metal style of printing: In the metal style of printing fabric is printed
with silver or gold solution or non- removable resins.

Resist Printing: In this method, the fabric is first printed in a design with a
chemical that resists dye. The fabric is then dyed. The resist will leave the fabric
white or some other color in the print areas. One of the advantages of this
method is that dyes with very high colorfastness can be used.

Flock Printing: Flock printing is a process in which a ‘flock’ is fixed on to a

cloth by means of adhesive to form printed pattern. It produces a pile or velvety
effect on the fabric similar to form a printed pattern.
 STYLE OF PRINTING (CONTD.)

Discharge Printing: ‘Discharge’ means removal and

‘Discharge style’ refers process which can produce a white or
colored effects on a dyed ground by printing paste containing
a chemical capable of removing the ground color called
‘discharging agents.’ It could be of two types

White Discharge: the printed part remains white after destroying the dyed color

Color Discharge: With a dye incorporated in the print paste

which is resistant to discharging agents. When printed the
discharging agents removes the ground color and at the same
time deposit color on the dyed ground.
 METHOD OF PRINTING

Block printing: In this method the wooden or metal block

with a negative and raised design (i.e. in relief) is first
stamped on the print paste and then on the cloth and an
impression of positive design is made on the cloth.

Screen printing: In hand screen printing the fabric is

stretched out on a long table. The screens are moved
methodically along the fabric. When a screen is in position
the dye paste is pressed through the open mesh with a
squeegee blade.

Transfer printing: Transfer printing is defined as any

process by which a design is transferred from paper to another
substrate. Selected disperse dyes transfer in vapor form to
thermoplastic fibers when the printed paper and fabric are
brought into close contact in a transfer press at 170°-220°C.

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 PIGMENT PRINTING
In pigment printing, insoluble pigments, which have no
affinity for the fiber, are fixed on to the textile with binding
agents in the pattern required.
Importance of pigment printing
• Pigments, of course, are used for the production of
plain-colored fabrics, but are of much greater importance
in printing.

• The pigment can be applied to all fibers potentially and it is

the only coloration to glass fiber, fabric and polyester

• No wet treatment is required, so drying and curing is

applicable to all fiber.
• Extensive color range of highly light fast colors
• Possible to produce good combination shades on blended
fiber in one padding operation
• Application procedure is simple
• Less expensive

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 CHAPTER- 3
CONCLUSION
Over all, the printing press is a revolutionizing invention. First, the printing
press was invented during a crucial time period. In this time period, there was a
lot of chaos and distress, because of the black death. The printing press had a
huge a effect on spreading ideas, thoughts , news, education, and being
informed. By printing books and newspapers, we have learned how to
communicate and spread ideas throughout the world. The printing press is one
of basis invention for the creations and inspiration of many other newer
inventions which also revolutionized the world. Although the printing press
was a magnificent invention, some people had different views. People
believed maintenance would be too difficult, that writing in Chinese would be
impossible due to the intricate Chinese writing system, and that the churches
and religious groups wouldn't be able to censor what was being printed. without
the printing press, we don't know how we could have possibly spread our
thought and evolve over time mentally, socially, economically, politically, and
religiously without the printing press.

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