Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
497
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498
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here, to vote in the town different from his actual residence. Since
his constitutional right to vote as citizen of that community is
affected by the statute in question, he may become a suitor to
challenge its constitutionality.
SANCHEZ, J.:
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500
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501
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502
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x x x x
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503
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Schmalz vs. Wooly, supra: ÂThe title is erroneous in the worst degree,
9
for it is misleadin.‰
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9 Emphasis supplied.
10 Examples: Wilcox vs. Paddock, 31 NW 609, where the statute
entitled „An act making an appropriation of state swamp lands to aid the
county of Gratiot in improving the channel of Maple river x x x‰ but the
body of the act affected another
505
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506
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the legislative intent, xxx. The language used in the invalid part of
the statute can have no legal force or efficacy for any purpose
whatever, and what remains must express the legislative will
independently of the void part, since the court has no power to
12
legislate, x x x.‰
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507
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508
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14 In the case of Fuqua vs. City of Mobile, 121 So. 696, it was asserted
that the portion of the statute excluding a territory from Mobile which
was not expressed in the title „An act to alter and rearrange the
boundary lines of the city of Mobile in the state of Alabama‰ should be
the only portion invalidated. The court, using the test whether or not
after the objectionable feature is stricken off there would still remain an
act complete in itself, sensible, capable of being executed, ruled that
there can be no segregation of that portion dealing with the excluded
territory from that dealing with additional territory because these two
matters are all embraced and intermingled in one section dealing with
the corporate limits of the city.
In the case of Engle vs. Bonnie, 204 SW 2d 963, the statute involved
was entitled „An Act relating to cities‰. Section 4 thereof „requires the
creation of a municipality on petition of a majority of voters or 500
voters.‰ But some of the provisions were germane to the title of the law.
This statute was declared void in toto. The Court of Appeals of Kentucky
ruled as follows:
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other than sixth class towns. To remove only Section 4 would be like taking the
motor of an automobile which leaves the machine of no use. We are quite sure
that these provisions would not have been enacted without Section 4; hence,
they too must fall.‰
509
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510
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2
against surreptitious or unconsidered enactments. Where
the subject of a bill is limited to a particular matter, the
members of the legislature as well as the people should be
informed of the subject of proposed legislative measures.
This constitutional provision thus precludes the insertion
of riders in legislation, a rider being a provision not
germane to the subject matter of the bill.
It is not to be narrowly construed though as to cripple or
impede proper legislation. The construction must be
reasonable and not technical. It is sufficient if the title be
comprehensive enough reasonably to include the general
object which the statute seeks to effect without express-
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511
ing each and every end and means necessary for the
accomplishment of that object. Mere details need not be set
forth. The legislature is not required to make the title of
the act a complete index of its contents. The constitutional
provision is satisfied if all parts of an3
act which relates to
its subject find expression in its title.
The first decision of this Court, after the establishment
of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, in 1938,
construing a provision of this 4
nature, Government v.
Hongkong & Shanghai Bank, held that the inclusion of
Section 11 of Act No. 4007, the Reorganization Law,
providing for the mode in which the total annual expenses
of the Bureau of Banking may be reimbursed through
assessment levied upon all banking institutions subject to
inspection by the Bank Commissioner was not violative of
such a requirement in the Jones Law, the previous organic
act. Justice Laurel, however, vigorously dissented, his view
being that while the main subject of the act was
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512
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514
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Brewery, 251 US 210, 220, 64 L. ed. 229, 235, 40 Sup. Ct. Rep. 139; Texas
v. Eastern Texas R. Co. 258 US 204, 217, 66 L. ed. 566, 572, 42 Sup. Ct.
Rep. 281; Bratton v. Chandler, 260 US 110, 114, 67 L. ed. 157, 161, 43
Sup. Ct. Rep. 43; Panama R. Co. v. Johnson, 264 US 375, 390, 68 L. ed.
748, 754, 44 Sup. Ct. Rep. 391.
12 United States v. Rumely (1953), 345 US 41, 45.
515
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