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Ben Kato
Department of Architecture,Universityof Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo, 113
Japan
ABSTRACT
NOTATION
A Sectional area
Aw Area of web
b Half width of flange
d Depth of web
D Flexural stiffness in strain hardening region
E Young's modulus
Est Strain hardening modulus
h Height of H-section
he Center-to-center distance of equivalent two-flange section
I Geometrical moment of inertia
le Moment of inertia of equivalent two-flange section
Mp Full plastic moment
R Rotation capacity
s Normalized critical stress
tf Thickness of flange
95
J. Construct. Steel Research 0143-974X/89/$03.50 (~) 1989Elsevier SciencePublishersLtd,
England. Printed in Great Britain
96 Ben Kato
tw Thickness of web
a Slenderness parameter of plate element
Deflexion
est Strain at strain hardening point
0 Rotation of members in terms of slope
p Axial stress ratio
crcr Critical stress governed by local buckling
cro Working axial stress
Cry Yield stress
~b Curvature
~st Curvature at strain hardening point
Rotation of members in terms of deflexion angle
1 INTRODUCTION
In plastic design, the first plastic hinge occurring in a frame must rotate
until the collapse mechanism is reached without losing its moment capac-
ity, and a greater inelastic rotation capacity is sometimes required in
seismic design in areas of high seismicity. The rotation capacity of steel
members is severely impaired by the occurrence of local buckling of plate
elements of the constituent members, so limitations of width-to-thickness
ratios of flange and web of H-section members are prescribed in specifica-
tions of various countries. However, their theoretical or experimental
backgrounds are not necessarily clear, and furthermore, width-to-thick-
ness ratio limitation for flange and for web are prescribed independently of
each other. Obviously, flange is restrained by web and, vice versa, web is
restrained by flanges, and therefore an independent limitation is un-
reasonable.
In this paper, the inelastic rotation capacities of H-section steel mem-
bers subject to bending with and without axial thrust as determined by
local buckling are investigated. Also the rotation capacities are predicted
as functions of width-to-thickness ratios of flanges and web. In other
words, the interaction formulae of the width-to-thickness ratio of flanges
and that of web for various loading conditions are given according to any
assigned inelastic rotation capacity. It is assumed that lateral torsional
buckling is restrained by suitable means.
2 R O T A T I O N CAPACITY OF MEMBERS
It can be assumed that local buckling will occur when the stress of a critical
section of a member reaches a certain critical value even in the inelastic
Rotation capacity of H-section members 97
Mpc
i 1
0 0y 0u 0
Fig. 1. M-O relation.
2.1 Assumptions
}-b ~Lb 4
d c~> i he
1 '
Fig. 2. Equivalent section.
Case 1
If p > (s - 1)/2, the tension flange does not yield until the stress in the
compression flange reaches the critical stress, O'er, in which 19 = tro/O'y is the
axial stress ratio, (70 is the given axial stress, O-yis the stress, and s = o'er/try
o
J
jJ
~Cr ....
~st
0
I
o £st £
7,,2;: '''°° I
is the normalized critical stress (see Fig. 4). M-th relationships for this axial
stress level are:
(1) For 4) <- (~st, the compression flange is in the plastic flow region, and
the bending moment is
M = (1 - o)Mp (3)
in which 4) = e / h e is the curvature, ~st = est/he is the curvature at the
strain-hardening point, M is the bending m o m e n t , and Mp = Ahe try is the
full plastic moment.
(2) For 4~st< 4) -< ~cr, the compression flange is in the strain-hardening
region, and the bending m o m e n t is
M = (1 - p) M p + 2D (~b - ~bst) (4)
in which D = E~tle is the flexural stiffness in the strain-hardening region.
The upper limit of bending m o m e n t , Mcr, is
Mcr = (O'cr-O'o)Ahe = ( s - p ) M p (5)
By introducing Mcr of eqn (5) into M of eqn (4), the corresponding critical
curvature is
(3) For 4}st+ pMp/D< 4} -< 24}st + pMp/D, the tension flange is in the
plastic flow region, and the bending m o m e n t is
M = (1 + p)Mp (7)
(4) For 24}st + pMp/D< 4} < 4}¢. the tension flange is in the strain-
hardening region, and the bending m o m e n t is
M = Mp + D(~ - 2~bst) (8)
The u p p e r limit of the bending m o m e n t is the same as given by eqn (5),
and the critical curvature is obtained by introducing it into M of eqn (8),
and solving for 4} as
I t I I t I t
(o) (b)
M M
I l I
(c)
Fig. 5. Slope and deflexionof members. (a) Cantilever beam; (b) centrally loaded beam;
(c) pure bending beam.
102 Ben Kato
B
s-1 A / T
~ (1-PIMp (s-p)Mp
±
Lxl -
l t
geometry, the length of plastic region is ~-l, (-r = (s = 1)/(s - p)). T h e n the
bending m o m e n t at x (0 - x --- l) is
(rl-x)
M(x) = (1 - p ) M p + ( s - 1)Mp - - ~
[ (s - 1) Mp ]
0m = 0(z/) = [ 4D + thst_ ~'l (13)
(1 -p)Mpl (14)
0y= 2et
The elastic deflexion of the cantilever beam when the moment at fixed end
B reaches (1 p)mp is-
(1 - p) Mpl 2 (16)
6y - 3El
According to the definition of eqn (1'), the rotation capacity in terms of 0 is
obtained from eqns (13) and (14), and that in terms of 0 is obtained from
eqns (15) and (16) as
[ff~t~(2s-3p+l)(s-1)+3-~-~y(s-2p+l)] (18)
I { E I h est )
Ra = (1 - p)(s - p) ~ "~c [(s - 2p - 1)2 + 2p2] + ~ ~ (s - 1) (19)
R,= 1 [E_~¢
2(1 - p ) ( s - p) 2 ~ [(s-2p-1)2(2s-p+a)+202(p+3)]
h est 2
+3~-~e--~'y ( s - 2 p s 1)} (20)
104 Ben Kato
Case 3: O = 0 (beam)
Ro and R , is obtained simply by introducing p = 0 into eqns (19) and (20)
respectively as
RO=s
l[~t I
L-e(s-1) 2 + ~
h est
ey
(s-l)] (21)
_, LEst __,
= ze le (s - 1)2(2s + 1) + 3 y (s 2 - 1)
] (22)
1 [ E I . h est ] (23)
no = R , - 2(1- p) " ~ t ~-~( s - 1) +h-~ -'~-y]
Case 3: p = 0
The rotation capacity is obtained by introducing p = 0 into eqn (24) as
E I h est
Ro = R ~ , - Est i¢ ( s - l ) + h'-~ e--y- (25)
3 B U C K L I N G S T R E N G T H OF H - S H A P E D S T U B - C O L U M N S
1 1-600 0-1535
- = 0.6003 + +~ (26)
S ~f Otw
1.1 o SS41 o /
• SMSO o/
1.0 a SS41&SMSO o ~
0.9
• ..o ;Oo
0.~
0.7
8~.~-o
0.6
0.5
0.5 0.6
i
0.7
i I
0.8
i
0.9
1
1.0
I
1.1 1/S~
F i g . 8. C o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n Sst a n d Sex.
106 Ben Kato
Figure 8 shows the correlation between Sex (experimental) and sst which is
predicted by eqn (26).
5 WIDTH-TO-THICKNESS LIMITATIONS
H oq J ~
~o
II o
c~ q~
o°
I
~1~ ~l ~
+
~ ~1 ~ tn°
I +
°°
I
I I c~
I I I i
t~
c~
÷
108 Ben Kato
0 +
0
t,
e
= 1 (28)
1
,.~f~y(&203) - - O-6003
0.1535,u,
E; s, )
(3’ (z)’
(la)2+(lm)~=1 (29)
(30)
6 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES