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ARTICLE 97. Liability for the Defective b) the product is supplied, without
Products. — Any Filipino or foreign clear identification of the manufacturer,
manufacturer, producer, and any importer, producer, builder or importer;
shall be liable for redress, independently of
fault, for damages caused to consumers by c) he does not adequately preserve
defects resulting from design, perishable goods. The party making
manufacture, construction, assembly and payment to the damaged party may
erection, formulas and handling and exercise the right to recover a part of the
making up, presentation or packing of their whole of the payment made against the
products, as well as for the insufficient or other responsible parties, in accordance
inadequate information on the use and with their part or responsibility in the cause
hazards thereof. of the damage effected.
A product is defective when it does not offer ARTICLE 99. Liability for Defective
the safety rightfully expected of it, taking Services. — The service supplier is liable for
relevant circumstances into consideration, redress, independently of fault, for
including but not limited to: damages caused to consumers by defects
relating to the rendering of the services, as
a) presentation of product; well as for insufficient or inadequate
information on the fruition and hazards
b) use and hazards reasonably thereof.
expected of it;
The service is defective when it does not
c) the time it was put into provide the safety the consumer may
circulation. rightfully expect of it, taking the relevant
circumstances into consideration, including
A product is not considered defective but not limited to:
because another better quality product has
been placed in the market. a) the manner in which it is
provided;
The manufacturer, builder, producer or
importer shall not be held liable when it b) the result of hazards which may
evidences: reasonably be expected of it;
a) that it did not place the product c) the time when it was provided.
on the market;
A service is not considered defective
b) that although it did place the because of the use or introduction of new
product on the market such product has no techniques.
defect;
The supplier of the services shall not be
c) that the consumer or a third held liable when it is proven:
party is solely at fault.
a) that there is no defect in the If the consumer opts for the alternative
service rendered; under sub-paragraph (a) of the second
paragraph of this Article, and replacement
b) that the consumer or third party of the product is not possible, it may be
is solely at fault. replaced by another of a different kind,
mark or model: Provided, That any
ARTICLE 100. Liability for Product and difference in price may result thereof shall
Service Imperfection. — The suppliers of be supplemented or reimbursed by the
durable or non-durable consumer products party which caused the damage, without
are jointly liable for imperfections in quality prejudice to the provisions of the second,
that render the products unfit or third and fourth paragraphs of this Article.
inadequate for consumption for which they
are designed or decrease their value, and ARTICLE 101. Liability for Product
for those resulting from inconsistency with Quantity Imperfection. — Suppliers are
the information provided on the container, jointly liable for imperfections in the
packaging, labels or publicity quantity of the product when, in due regard
messages/advertisement, with due regard for variations inherent thereto, their net
to the variations resulting from their content is less than that indicated on the
nature, the consumer being able to container, packaging, labeling or
demand replacement to the imperfect advertisement, the consumer having
parts. powers to demand, alternatively, at his
own option:
If the imperfection is not corrected within
thirty (30) days, the consumer may a) the proportionate price
alternatively demand at his option:
b) the supplementing of weight or
a) the replacement of the product measure differential;
by another of the same kind, in a perfect
state of use; c) the replacement of the product
by another of the same kind, mark or
b) the immediate reimbursement model, without said imperfections;
of the amount paid, with monetary
updating, without prejudice to any losses d) the immediate reimbursement
and damages; of the amount paid, with monetary
updating without prejudice to losses and
c) a proportionate price reduction. damages if any.
The parties may agree to reduce or The provisions of the fifth paragraph of
increase the term specified in the Article 99 shall apply to this Article.
immediately preceding paragraph; but
such shall not be less than seven (7) nor The immediate supplier shall be liable if the
more than one hundred and eighty (180) instrument used for weighing or measuring
days. is not gauged in accordance with official
standards.
The consumer may make immediate use of
the alternatives under the second ARTICLE 102. Liability for Service
paragraph of this Article when by virtue of Quality Imperfection. — The service
the extent of the imperfection, the supplier is liable for any quality
replacement of the imperfect parts may imperfections that render the services
jeopardize the product quality or improper for consumption or decrease their
characteristics, thus decreasing its value. value, and for those resulting from
inconsistency with the information
contained in the offer or advertisement, the
consumer being entitled to demand prohibited, if there is more than one person
alternatively at his option: responsible for the cause of the damage,
they shall be jointly liable for the redress
a) the performance of the services, established in the pertinent provisions of
without any additional cost and when this Act. However, if the damage is caused
applicable; by a component or part incorporated in the
product or service, its manufacturer,
b) the immediate reimbursement builder or importer and the person who
of the amount paid, with monetary incorporated the component or part are
updating without prejudice to losses and jointly liable.
damages, if any;
ARTICLE 107. Penalties. — Any person
c) a proportionate price reduction. who shall violate any provision of this
Chapter or its implementing rules and
Reperformance of services may be regulations with respect to any consumer
entrusted to duly qualified third parties, at product which is not food, cosmetic, or
the supplier’s risk and cost. hazardous substance shall upon conviction,
be subject to a fine of not less than Five
Improper services are those which prove to thousand pesos (P5,000.00) and by
be inadequate for purposes reasonably imprisonment of not more than one (1)
expected of them and those that fail to year or both upon the discretion of the
meet the provisions of this Act regulating court.
service rendering.
In case of juridical persons, the penalty
ARTICLE 103. Repair Service Obligation. shall be imposed upon its president,
— When services are provided for the manager or head. If the offender is an
repair of any product, the supplier shall be alien, he shall, after payment of fine and
considered implicitly bound to use service of sentence, be deported without
adequate, new, original replacement parts, further deportation proceedings.
or those that maintain the manufacturer’s
technical specifications unless, otherwise COCA-COLA BOTTLER’S PHILIPPINES
authorized, as regards to the latter by the vs. CA, (1993);
consumer.
FACTS:
ARTICLE 104. Ignorance of Quality The private respondent in this case
Imperfection. — The supplier’s ignorance of was the owner of a school canteen that sold
the quality imperfections due to soft drinks (including Coke and Sprite) and
inadequacy of the products and services other goods to both students and the
does not exempt him from any liability. public. One day she received some
complaints from parents that the Coke and
ARTICLE 105. Legal Guarantee of Sprite soft drinks she sold contained fiber-
Adequacy. — The legal guarantee of like matter and other foreign substances or
product or service adequacy does not particles. Testing done by the Department
require an express instrument or of Health confirmed the presence of these
contractual exoneration of the supplier substances. As a consequence of that
being forbidden. discovery, her sales severely plummeted,
eventually costing her her job and shop.
ARTICLE 106. Prohibition in Contractual
Stipulation. — The stipulation in a contract She demanded payment of
of a clause preventing, exonerating or damages from the petitioner which the
reducing the obligation to indemnify for latter refused.
damages effected, as provided for in this
and in the preceding Articles, is hereby
The petitioner anchored its itself may be deemed to arise from quasi-
arguments on failure of the private delict, such as the acts which break the
respondent to exhaust administrative contract.
remedies and prescription. The private
respondent contended that her complaint The Court has repeatedly held in
was one for damages which did not involve past cases that the existence of a contract
administrative action and that her cause of between the parties does not bar the
action was based on an injury to plaintiff’s commission of a tort by the one against the
right which can be brought within four other and the consequent recovery of
years pursuant to Article 1146 of the Civil damages therefor.
Code.
The trial court granted the Provinces, cities, municipalities
petitioner’s motion to dismiss, reasoning
that the complaint was based on a contract
and not a quasi-delict.