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El desierto es un sitio muy difícil para las plantas como el cactus donde deben adaptarse para
sobrevivir a los depredadores formando espinas que adquieran un rol defensivo contra el ataque
de los animales que intentan tomar el agua que se almacena en su interior. Igualmente, debido al
agua escasa y al aire seco y caliente, deben desarrollar técnicas para almacenar el agua y
controlar la cantidad que pierden por la transpiración, así:
CONEJO
The desert is a very difficult place for plants like the cactus where they must adapt to survive the
predators forming thorns that acquire a defensive role against the attack of the animals that try to
take the water that is stored inside. Also, due to the scarce water and the dry and hot air, they
must develop techniques to store the water and control the amount that they lose by
perspiration, like this:
1 The lack of leaf in most of the cactus has transferred the photosynthetic function to the surface
of the stems, which is why it adopts its characteristic green color.
1- Transforms its leaves into thorns, which, being smaller, avoid dehydration or loss of water
through evaporation or transpiration.
2- Succulent Stem that has the capacity to store large amounts of water that can absorb by its
roots, in the few rainy seasons, developing a plant tissue called Aquifer Parenchyma where the
large Vacuoles that this tissue has stored the maximum amount of water, avoiding the
dehydration of the vegetable.
3- Stems in the form of channels, waves or folds that serve a double function: to conduct the
nocturnal dew drops and generate shade or reduce the direct exposure of the sun's rays.
4- The epidermis of the leaf and the stem are of great thickness and are covered by a very thick
cuticle with wax to avoid the loss of water inside the plant
5- Pubescence or presence of hairs in some parts of the vegetable is to avoid dehydration or
protect it from burns during the day and from intense cold during the night.
6- Shallow roots that allow to absorb quickly the maximum amount of filtered water developing a
Radicular System.
8- CAM metabolism: the Cactus possess numerous Stomata that only open it during the Night to
avoid the loss of water, in this way during the Night they incorporate the CO2 eliminating
atmospheric O2. The CO2 is fixed and reduced in a variety of Organic Acids such as Malic Acid.
During the day the Chlorophilic pathway (Luminous and Dark Stage of Photosynthesis) is activated,
where the vegetable by Photosynthesis will extract the CO2 from the Malic acid to synthesize
Carbohydrates (Glucose).
RABBIT
The Rabbit is a herbivorous animal that can eat a variety of foods of vegetable origin such as
vegetables and fruits; however, he has developed the following adaptations to survive:
Food: In winter when these foods are scarce, is able to eat dry grass, roots, bark of trees and even
plants that do not exist in their place of origin.
Anatomical: it has split lip to select and press the right food, double digestive cycle and a rapid
intestinal transit that allows you to eat more.
Environmental: it has large ears to regulate its body temperature and large legs that allow it to
move through various unstable surfaces such as mud, sand and snow
Defensive: Because it has many enemies, has created a series of mechanisms to ensure their
survival as group life, discreet and nocturnal habits, side eyes to expand the field of view, large
ears to hear their enemies, large hind legs to flee from its predators, mimetic fur that minimizes
the risk of being eaten by other animals or discovered at the time of hunting, it reproduces
intensely to overcome the predatory pressure and the mother has little contact with her offspring
to avoid the attention of the enemy.