Vectors

LECTURE 2

Namo Kaul Yrs teaching experience

Certified by the Indian Association

Teacher & Mentor to
BEST Teaching & Pedagogy 50,000+ Students of Physics Teachers for securing
National TCON’ 18 highest aggregate percentage
Vectors
LECTURE 2
Vectors
 Magnitude

Vector
Direction
Quantity
ob
ey
s

Vector Law of
Addition
 Define Notion of a Vector?
A vector quantity is denoted by a small arrow above the physical quantity

Vector Quantity A should be written as A

Example:
Displacement is expressed as s
Velocity is expressed as v
 Define Unit Vectors and representation of a
vector by a unit vector?

2
Unit Vector
A unit vector represents the direction of a given vector.

Vector ⇒ (Magnitude) (Direction)

Where,

a → vector
|a| → magnitude of vector a
∧
a → direction of vector a
Unit Vector
A unit vector represents the direction of a given vector.

A unit vector is ,
Given vector
Magnitude of that vector

(unit vector or ∧ a vector

a=
direction) magnitude
⎟ a⎟
Rectangular unit vectors are the unit vectors along the positive or negative
direction of the axes of the co-ordinate system.

Y
^
j ^
-k
^ 1 unit ^
-i 1 unit i
X
it O
un
^ 1
k ^
-j
Z
1. Meaning of scalar & vector quantity with example

2. Representation of Vectors in 2 forms

Pictorial Equation

3. Unit Vectors
Based on Triangle Law of vector
4. Equal, antiparallel & ZERO Vectors addition, we can study some
properties of vector
5. Addition of 2 parallel vectors

6. Addition of 2 vectors inclined to each other Triangle Law of vector addition

What are the properties of vector?
1 Commutative Law
→
P

→
Q
→ → → → →P
P+Q = Q+P →Q +
→
Q
→Q
→P +
→
P
2 Associative Law

→→ →
(A+B)+C
→
= R
→ →→
A+(B+C) =
→
R

→ →
C
C
→
→ → B → →
B
+ C→ →
B
R →A + B
R

→
A →
A
How to represent 2D Vectors in form of unit vector?

θ
Vector A can be written in terms of A1 and A2

Using triangle law

Y → → →
A = A + A 1 2
→
A
→
A2 Along Along
θ x-axis y-axis
→
A
∧
i
∧
j
1

X
 →
A

θ
 → →
A A

θ θ
 →
A = →
A +→
A
Vector A can be written in terms of A1 and A2 1 2

Using triangle law,

Y Along Along
x-axis y-axis
∧ ∧
A
i j
A2
θ

A1 = ( A cos θ ) ^i
A1
X
A2 = ( A sin θ ) ^j
A
A2
A2 sin θ =
θ A
A1 A1
cos θ =
A
 Ay
tan θ = If an angle is given with vertical say α , then
Ax
A A = ( Ax ) ^i + ( Ay ) ^j
Ay= A sinθ
A = ( A sin α ) ^i + ( A cos α ) ^j
α
θ
Ax= A cosθ
X
^
A = ( A cosθ ) i + ( A sinθ ) ^
j
A = ( A ) ^i + ( A ) ^j
x y
 Ay
tan θ = Do not remember this equation as
Ax formula because if an angle is given
A with vertical say α , then
α Ay= A sinθ
θ
→ → →
A = ( A )^i + ( A ) ^j
x y
Ax= A cosθ → →
A = ( A sin α ) ^i →
+ ( A cos α ) ^j
X

→
A = (→ →
A cos θ ) ^i + ( A sin θ ) ^
j
→ → → Thus, Magnitude A= √ Ax2 + Ay2
A = ( A ) ^i + ( A ) ^j
x y

( Ax ) = component of A along x-axis Direction of A Ay

-1
( Ay ) = component of A along y-axis θ = tan
A
x
How to represent 3D Vector in form of unit vector?
 →
Represent a Vector in the 3 direction format !
 Ax
Y

Az A1 Q
Ay
A A2
A1 = Ax + Az Ax
Az
o
X

A = A1 + A2
A1
^ ^ ^ Z P
A = Ax i + Az k + Ay j

^ ^ ^
A = Ax i + Ay j + Az k Thus, Magnitude = A = √ Ax2 + Ay2 + Az2
Direction Cosines
 Direction of vector A

Ax = A cos α
Ay = A cos β
Az = A cos γ

cosα, cosβ & cosγ are also known as Direction cosines

Direction of vector A

Ax
Ax = A cosα ⇒ α = cos –1 with X-axis
A
Ay
Ay = A cosβ ⇒ β = cos–1 with Y-axis
A
Az
Az = A cosγ ⇒ γ = cos –1 with Z-axis
A

Ax2 Ay2 Az2

cos2α + cos2β + cos2γ = + + =1
2 2 2
A A A
 Example Represent these vectors by equation in terms of unit
vectors
10 N
a)
Y

X
b) 5 m/s
Z

c) 2 m/s2
 10 N
a) F = 10N ∧
i

∧
F= 5N j
b) 5 m/s

∧
F = -2N j
c) 2 m/s2
 Example Represent these vectors by equation in terms of unit
vectors
d) 5 N
Y 8N

Z e)
45 N
50 N

30 N
d) 5 N ∧ ∧
F = 8N i – 5N j
8N

e)
45 N
50 N
∧ ∧ ∧
30 N F = –50N i + 45N j + 30N k
Example Represent the following equations in pictorial form of Vector
∧
a) F = -12 N i
∧
b) F = 12 N j Y
∧ ∧
c) F = 2 N i 10 N j
-
X
∧ ∧
d) F = –5 N i + 8 N j
Z
Example Represent the following equations in pictorial form of Vector
∧
a) F = - 12 N i

∧
(b) F = 12 N j
 ∧ ∧
(c) F = 2 N i - 10 N j

∧ ∧
(d) F = –5 N i + 8 N j
 ∧ 12 N
(a) F = - 12 N i

∧ 12 N
(b) F = 12 N j

2N
∧ ∧
(c) F = 2 N i - 10 N j
10 N

∧ ∧
(d) F = –5 N i + 8 N j
8N
5N
Example Write magnitude of vectors
→ ∧
a) F = 10N i

→ ∧ ∧
b) a = 2 i + 4 j
→ ∧ ∧ ∧
c) v = 3 i + 4 j + 5 k
Example Write magnitude of vectors
→ ∧
a) F = 10N i

→ ∧ ∧
b) a = 2 i + 4 j
→ ∧ ∧ ∧
c) v = 3 i + 4 j + 5 k

Solution

a) F = 10 N

b) a = √22 + 42 = √20 = 2√5

c) v = √32 + 42 + 52 = √50 = 5√2

 ∧ ∧ ∧
Example Find value of c if given vector is a unit vector v = 0.6 i + 0.8 j + c k
A. C=0
B. C=1
C. C=2
D. C=3
 ∧ ∧ ∧
Example Find value of c if given vector is a unit vector v = 0.6 i + 0.8 j + c k

Solution v = √ (0.6)2 + (0.8)2 + C2 = 1

(0.6)2 + (0.8)2 + C2 = 1
(0.36) + (0.64) + C2 = 1

C = 0
 How to Resolve Vectors?

F F
θ θ
 Vertical Vertical

F (Magnitude F) F (Magnitude F)
F F F sin θ
F sin θ
θ θ
Horizontal
Horizontal
F cos θ F cos θ

^ ^ Magnitude = √ (Fcosθ)2 + (Fsinθ)2

F = F cosθ i + F sinθ j
Example A force of 100 N is acting on a body as shown.
Find the vertical component of force (Y-Component).
A. 60 N F = 100 N
B. 80 N
37⁰
C. 100 N
D. 53 N

X
Z
 Example A force of 100 N is acting on a body as shown.
Find the vertical component of force (Y-Component).

Solution

X
Z
Example A force F is acting on a body and its component along x-axis is
60 N. The Force F is inclined at an angle of 30⁰ as shown .
Determine F ?
F
A. F= 30 3N
30⁰
60 N
B. F= 40 3N
C. F= 50 3N
D. F= 60 3N

X
Z
Example A force F is acting on a body and its component along x-axis is
60 N. The Force F is inclined at an angle of 30⁰ as shown .
Determine F ?

Solution

F
30⁰ F cos 300 = 60N
60 N

F = 69.28N
Resolution of vector ( Revision)

F (Magnitude F)
F sin θ
Vertical
Component
θ
F cos θ
Horizontal
Component

Magnitude of Vector = √(Hori. Comp.)2 + ( Ver. Comp.)2 (in 2D)

A force of 5N acts on a particle along a direction making an angle of 600
with vertical. It’s vertical component be

A. 10N
B. 3N
C. 4N
D. 2.5N
y component of velocity is 20 and x component of velocity is 10. The
direction of the motion of the body with the horizontal at this instant is

A. tan-1(2)
B. tan-1(1/2)
C. 450
D. 00
If the resultant of n forces of different magnitudes (non zero) acting at a
point is zero, then the minimum value of n is

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
A car travels 6 km towards north at an angle of 450 from east and then
travels distance of 4 km towards north at an angle of 1350 from east. How
far is the point from the starting point? What angle does the straight angle
joining its initial and final position makes with the east?

A. √50 km & tan-1(5)

B. 10 km & tan-1(√5)
C. √52 km & tan-1(5)
D. √52 km & tan-1(√5)
 ➝
A vector ➝
a is turned without a change in its length through a small angle
➝
dፀ. The value of | Δa| and Δa respectively.

A. 0, a dፀ
B. a dፀ, 0
C. 0, 0
D. None of these
 ➝ ➝ ➝
Find the resultant of the three vectors OA, OB and OC shown in the
following figure. Radius of the circle is R.

A. 2R C
B. R(1 + √2)
C. R√2 B
D. R(√2 - 1) 450
450
O A
Tests
Quizzes
Doubt Sessions
More Personalized
PLUS Courses
unacademy.com/plus
JEELIVE