BANK MANAGEMENT

WEEK 2
Introduction to Banking
Bank Goals and Constraints

Risk
 Definisi Risiko
Risiko adalah potensi kerugian akibat terjadinya suatu
peristiwa (event) tertentu

Konteks Risiko dalam Perbankan :

even impact
Suatu kejadian/ Risiko yang dapat Berdampak negative
peristiwa yang diperkirakan terhadap Bank :
terkait (anticipated) maupun
yang tidak dapat • Pencapaian
langsung
diperkirakan tujuan bisnis
maupun tidak
(unanticipated) Bank
langsung
• Profitabilitas
dengan
Bank
aktivitas Bank
• Permodalan
Bank
Manajemen Risiko adalah serangkaian metodologi
dan prosedur yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi,
mengukur, memantau, dan mengendalikan risiko yang
timbul dari seluruh kegiatan usaha Bank

Konteks Manajement Risiko dalam Perbankan :

Manajemen Risiko
Manajemen
Goal
Risiko
Terdapat 8 Risiko Aktifitas Manajemen • Meningkatkan
Utama Bank Risiko: shareholder value
menurut PBI: • Memberikan gambaran
1. Identifikasi kepada pengelola Bank
1. Risiko Kredit 2. Pengukuran perihal potensi kerugian
2. Risiko Operasional 3. Pemantauan
3. Risiko Pasar dimasa mendatang
4. Pengendalian • Meningkatkan daya
4. Risiko Likuiditas
5. Risiko Hukum saing Bank
6. Risiko Reputasi
7. Risiko Strategic
8. Risiko Kepatuhan
Bank Goals and Constraints

Liquidity risk is the risk that a financial institution may not

be able to meet the needs for cash of its depositors.

Legal risk refers to variability in earnings resulting from

actions taken by the legal system including unenforceable
contracts, lawsuits, and adverse judgements.

Reputation risk is the uncertainty associated with public

opinion. Negative publicity (whether true or not) can affect a
financial firm's earnings by dissuading customers from using
the services of the institution.
why do banks and other
financial intermediaries
exist in modern society?
• As financial intermediaries

a business that interacts with deficit spending individuals

and institutions and surplus spending individuals and
institutions.

• As delegated monitors

who assess and evaluate borrowers on behalf of their

depositors and earn fees for supplying monitoring
services.

Financial institutions monitor the financial condition of

their borrowers by serving only as an agent on behalf of
depositors.

• As suppliers of liquidity and transactions services

that reduce costs for their customers and, through

diversification, reduce risk.
An example of bank loan portfolio
An example of Bank Mandiri loan portfolio 2015

KONSTRUKSI; 4%
LISTRIK, GAS DAN AIR; 2%

PERDAGANGAN, RESTORAN &

HOTEL; 19%

PENGANGKUTAN,
PERINDUSTRIAN; 24% PERGUDANGAN & KOMUNIKASI;
4%

JASA-JASA DUNIA USAHA; 7%

JASA-JASA
PERTAMBANGAN; 6%
SOSIAL/MASYARAKAT; 1%

PERTANIAN, PERBURUAN &

SARANA PERTANIAN; 12% LAIN-LAIN; 21%
 What do banks do for their
customers ?

The Roles of Commercial Banks and

Their Closest Competitors
Intermediation Role
transforming savings into loans
The Bank, N.A. accepts deposits from thousands of
individuals and lends that money to (among others) the
Stillwater Body Shop to expand their work bays.

Payment Role
carrying out payments by issuing and
clearing checks.

A bank that wires funds for the purchase of a beach house in

South Carolina for a customer in Oklahoma
The Roles of Commercial Banks and
Their Closest Competitors

Guarantor Role
standing behind their customers to pay off customer
debts. Issuing letters of credit.
The Edmond Wine and Cheese shop wants to buy 30 cases
of French Champagne on credit. Bank of America writes a
letter of credit stating that the Edmond Wine and Cheese
shop is a good risk and that if they do not pay off the loan

Risk Management Role

assisting customers in preparing financially for the
risk of loss.
Alexander Phua goes to his local bank and gets an
insurance policy that protects him against loss in case he is
in a car accident.
 The Roles of Commercial Banks and
Their Closest Competitors (page 9)

Savings/Investment Advisor Role

assisting customers in fulfilling their goals for better
life.

Policy Role
The U.S. government wants to prevent money laundering
by drug cartels. To promote this goal, they have asked
banks to report any cash deposits greater than $10,000 to
the government

Safekeeping/Certification of Value Role

safeguarding a customer’s valuables
The Roles of Commercial Banks
and Their Closest Competitors
Agency Role
helping customers to issue or
redeem their securities. ORI10.

A bank which manages the investment portfolio and pays the bills of
an elderly customer who is unable to do it for him or herself

Policy Role
support government policy for growth of economy or
other social goals.

Hedging service
Banks perform as dealers in arranging for risk protection for
customers from third parties

Cash Management
The Bartholemew Bakery receives a lot of payments in cash. They
deposit it in their local bank who invests the money in an
interestbearing account until it is needed to pay bills.
The Different Kinds of Banks Today
(Exh. 1-1)

-Retail Banks
Banks which serve primarily households
and small firms.
-Wholesale Banks
serve corporations and government
-International Banks

-National Banks
 The Different Kinds of Banks Today
(Exh. 1-1)
• Community Banks
Smaller, locally focused commercial and savings
banks that offer narrower but more personalized
menu of financial services
The Edmond National Bank serves only the City
of Edmond, Oklahoma and concentrates on
providing the best possible service to this city.
• Investment Banks
Banks which underwrite issues of new securities
on behalf their corporate customers.
 The Different Kinds of Banks Today
(Exh. 1-1)
Virtual Bank
A bank that offers its services only over the Internet

Mortgage Bank
The Charleston Southern Bank makes loans for families to
purchase new and existing homes but does not take
deposits.

Money center bank is similar in structure to a common

bank, but its borrowing and lending activities are with
govenments, large corporations and regular banks. Money
center banks are usually located in major economic centers
such as London, Hong Kong, Tokyo and New York.
 The Different Kinds of Banks Today
- Merchant Banks
Banks which supply both debt and equity capital to
businesses
- Minority Banks
institution where 51 percent or more of the voting
stock is owned by one or more minority Individuals
- State Banks
a financial institution that is chartered by a state. It
differs from a reserve bank in that it does not
necessarily control monetary policy
 The Different Kinds of Banks Today

-Affiliated Banks
affiliated with larger organization or member of
it.
-Commercial Bank
Banks that sell deposits and make loans to
businesses, individuals, and institutions.
 Know Your Customer (KYC)
are principles implemented by a Bank in order to
know and recognize its Customer’s identity,
monitor its Customer’s transaction including to
report suspicious transaction.

Lower agency costs and better company

performance depend upon the effectiveness of
CG the relationship that exists among managers,
the board of directors, stockholders, and other
stakeholders.

“corporate governance”
Career in Banking and Financial Services
3 major changes affecting banks today

Government Deregulation
(New Laws) Basel III

Technological Change
(New Technology)

Globalization
 Other trends affecting banks and other
financial service firms today

Service Proliferation
more knowledgeable & demanding customers
rising competition

e-Banking and e-Commerce Convergence

climbed into each other’s backyard (larger banks,
insurance companies and security brokers)

Increased Risk of Poor Performance and Failure

 Reasons for the Regulation of
Banks

-Protection of the Public’s Savings

-Control of the Money Supply Adequate and Fair

-Supply of Loans Public Confidence

-Monopoly Powers

-Support of Government Activities

-Help for Special Segments of the Economy

KINERJA PERBANKAN NASIONAL MARET 2017

Laporan Profil Industri

Perbankan – OJK
Maret 2017
 PROFIL SEKTOR JASA KEUANGAN INDONESIA

SUMBER : MASTER PLAN SEKTOR

JASA KEUANGAN INDONESIA
2015-2019 - OJK
ARAH PENGEMBANGAN MASTERPLAN SEKTOR JASA KEUANGAN

SUMBER : MASTER PLAN SEKTOR

JASA KEUANGAN INDONESIA
2015-2019 - OJK
 ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

DEFINISI

API (Arsitektur Perbankan Indoensia) merupakan suatu

kerangka dasar pengembangan sistem perbankan Indonesia
yang bersifat menyeluruh untuk rentang waktu lima tahun
sampai sepuluh tahun kedepan.

LANDASAN VISI

Untuk mencapai suatu sistem perbankan yang sehat, kuat

dan efisien guna menciptakan kestabilan sistem keuangan
dalam rangka membantu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi
nasional.
ENAM PILAR ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA
 PROGRAM KEGIATAN ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Program penguatan struktur perbankan nasional.

Program peningkatan kualitas pengaturan perbankan.

Program peningkatan fungsi pengawasan.

Program peningkatan kualitas manajemen dan operasional

perbankan.

Program pengembangan infrastruktur perbankan.

Program peningkatan perlindungan nasabah.

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KEGIATAN ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Program Penguatan Struktur Perbankan Nasional (Pilar I)

“Menciptakan struktur perbankan domestik yang sehat yang mampu
memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dan mendorong pembangunan
ekonomi nasional yang berkesinambungan”

Memperkuat pemodalan bank

Memperkuat daya saing dan kelembagaan BPR dan

BPRS.

Meningkatkan akses kredit dan pembiayaan UMKM

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KEGIATAN ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Program peningkatan kualitas pengaturan perbankan

(Pilar II)
“Menciptakan sistem pengaturan dan pengawasan bank yang efektif dan
mengacu pada standar internasional"

Memformalkan proses sindikasi dalam membuat kebijakan

perbankan

Implementasi secara bertahap best practices 25 Basel Core

Principles For Effective Banking Supervision, Basel II dan
Islamic Financial Service Board (IFSB) bagi bank syariah
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KEGIATAN ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Program peningkatan fungsi pengawasan (Pilar III)

"Menciptakan industri perbankan yang kuat dan memiliki daya saing
yang tinggi serta memiliki ketahanan dalam menghadapi risiko"

Meningkatkan koordinasi dengan lembaga pengawas lain

Melakukan reorganisasi sector perbankan di Bank Indonesia

Menyempurnakan Infrastruktur Pendukung Pengawasan

Bank

Menyempurnakan implementasi sistem pengawasan

berbasis risiko

Meningkatkan efektivitas enforcement

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KEGIATAN ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Program peningkatan kualitas manajemen dan

operasional perbankan (Pilar IV)
Menciptakan good corporate governance dalam rangka
memperkuat kondisi internal perbankan nasional"

Meningkatkan Good Corporate Governance

Meningkatkan kualitas manajemen risiko

perbankan

Meningkatkan kemampuan operasional bank

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KEGIATAN ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Program pengembangan infrastruktur perbankan

(Pilar V)
“Mewujudkan infrastruktur yang lengkap untuk mendukung
terciptanya industri perbankan yang sehat“

Mengembangkan Credit Bureau

Mendorong pengembangan pasar keuangan

syariah (Islamic Financial Market)

Peningkatan peran lembaga fatwa syariah dan

lembaga arbitrase syariah sebagai bagian dari
upaya peningkatan kepatuhan bank syariah
terhadap prinsip-prinsip syariah
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KEGIATAN ARSITEKTUR PERBANKAN INDONESIA

Program peningkatan perlindungan nasabah (Pilar VI)

"Mewujudkan pemberdayaan dan perlindungan konsumen jasa
perbankan"

Menyusun standar mekanisme pengaduan nasabah

Membentuk lembaga mediasi independen

Menyusun transparansi informasi produk

Mempromosikan edukasi untuk nasabah

End of discussion