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Oleh :
Paiman Soeparmanto 6i Sukanto Suernodineto
Abstract
Pos Pelayanan Terpadu / Posyandu (Village
Integrated Health Past / VIHP) was introduced
in 1984. T h e purpose is ta establish community
based s e r v i c e s which are relevant to child
survival, safe motherhood and family planning.
Services are provided by health cadres; cura-
tive services and immunizatian are provided by
health centre staffs.
The fact t h a t Posyandu is l o c a t e d at
hamlet, Posyandu contribute to the reach of
target population, b u t Posyandu Cadre's per-
formance in health education is still minimal.
The objectives of t h i s review are to
s t u d y what are the roles and tasks of Posyandu
cadres and what are t h e f a c t o r s t h a t are
associatedFwith their performance.
T h e f x n d i n g s of s t u d i e s s h o w e d that
active cadre's conducted weighing and record-
ing t h e result in mother and children h e a l t h
card (KMS), and assisting health centre team
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in providing health care at Posyandu or mobile '
services.
As f o r health education activities of
Posyandu Cadre's studies found t h a t socio-
economic s t a t u s of Posyandu C a d e k , s k i l l
deficit in health education, and minimal
health knowledge are conditions t h a t are
associated w l t h minimal activity of Posyandu
Cadres in health education.
With r e g a r d t o p e r f o r m a n c e of o t h e r
activities t h e r e were findings showing its
association with provision of recognition,
provision of personal things t h a t were related
in doing tasks.
I t is r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t t r a i n n i n q o f
Posyandu Cadres should also be aimed to obtain
communication s k i l l , ability to conduct tech-
nique of health education which is specific to
charecteristics of audience. Health knowledge
of Posyandu Cadres' showed be added to give
them better capability to d i s c u s s health
matters with their clients. T h i s could be done
through meeting i n M + - d a y .
To maintain active state of Posyandu
Cadres there policies that should be adopted
are: improving skill of Village PKK ~ e a m in
management of Posyandu and leadership, invol-
ment of p r i v a t e business company in production
and distribution health education tools for
Posyandu Cadres, provision of consequences.
y ;dith regard to becoming Posyandu Cadre s h o u l d
e promoted, and supporting programmes aimed
to keep abreast Posyandu movement with other
movements such as: Gerakan KB (Family Planning
Movement), Gerakan Kembali ke Desa (Village
Orientation Movement), Klompencapir (Village
0 Institution of Radio Programme Audience).
In connection of health e d u c a t i o n materi-
als, it is secomended. that: n e w messages
should be developed to avoid boring situatkon
- A wexperienced by audience of health education,
$7
messages through mass media should have cam-
paign and promotion elements, n e t j u s t i n f o r -
mation (of p r o d u c t s ) .
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diare, KB, pembtivasian pem iksaan antena-
tal, imunisasi dan penimba an b a y i , kepada
ibu hamil d a n pengunjuna Posyandu yang
memhutuhkan pelayanan KB, pengisian KMS.
Kenyataannya, Kader Posyandu ternyata
belum memiliki keberanian melaksanakan
penyuluhan (Nariyah et al, 1 9 8 6 : 5 4 ) . Pene-
litian lain rnenemukan bahwa Kader Posyandu
baru 10 % yang melaksanakan peranannya
dengan baik (Adi Susila et al, 1984~64).
1 ~ e m b e r i k mketrampilan
/ metoda dan
t e k n i k konseling.
2 ) Mewujudkan ketrampilan tentang
. . teknik penyuluhan kelempok.
3) Mewujudkan ketrampilan berkomuni-
kasi .
4 ) Mewujudkan ketrarnpilan merancang
dan membuat a l a t peraga dengan
bahan setempat.
LJntuk mewujudkan ha1 di atas perlu
disusun 'WoduI Pelatihan Penyuluhan
Kesehatan Kader Posyandu".
2. Pelatihan lanjutan tentang k e s e h a t a n
bayi dan balita, kesehatan ibu hamil dan
menyusui, infeksi saluran nafas dan cara
penanggulangannya, perlu direncanakan
oleh Puskesmas terutama pada hari H+,
agar keraguan kader k a ~ e n a pengetahuan
yang terbatas dapat dihindarkan.
3. Kader Posyandu perlu mendapatkan perla-
kukan-perlakuan untuk menanggulangi kon-
sekuensi negatif d a r i pelaksanaan tugas
sebaqai kader dan pengembangan konse-
kuensi posit if.
Peslakuan dapat berupa:
a. P e m b e r i a n pengakuan atas psestasi
kader, misalnya diadakan pemilihan
Kader Posyandu t e l a d a n dari tingkat
kabupaten sampai nasional, lomba
Posyandu .
b. Masukan teknik-teknik untuk memudah-
kan pelaksanaan tugas, sehingga waktu
mereka di Posyandu dapat diperkecil.
c . Secara kontinyu mendapatkan rumusan
pesan-pesan baru, agar sasaran penyu-
luhan tidak bosan.
d . Pesan melalui media massa dirancang
sehinga membexi paparan tentang aspek
kampanye dan promosi.
Adisusilo,T.F.,Mufis,A.,Susilo,E.A. et al.
Gaporan Penelitian dan Penqembanqan
PKK Dalam Posyandu. Kerjasama Badan
Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Jawa
Tengah - Lembaga Penelitian Unives-
sitas, Semarang, 1988: 6 4 .
Departemen Kesehatan, Pusat Penyuluhan Keseha-
t a n Masyarakat. Pedaman Pembinaan
Peranserta Masyarakat Dalam Keterpa-
duan Keluarga Besencana-Kesehatan di
Tinqkat Desa, Jakarta. 1984:l.