BKF 2432: MASS TRANSFER FKKSA, UMP

Principles of Mass
Transfer
(CHAPTER 7)
Mass Transfer To Suspensions of Small
Particles

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Topic Outcomes

 It is expected that student will be able to:

 Apply the convective mass transfer
coefficient to suspensions of small particles.
 Solve mathematical solution of molecular
diffusion.
 Analyze the dimensional analysis for the
convective mass transfer

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Introduction
 Examples
Liquid-liquid hydrogenation -hydrogen diffuse
from gas bubles through an organic liquid
then to small suspended catalyst particles.
Fermentation-oxygen diffuses from small gas
bubbles through the aqueous medium then to
the small suspended particles.

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Equations for Mass Transfer to Small Particles

1. Mass Transfer to small particles <0.6 mm
 To predicts mass transfer coefficients

 from small gas bubles such as oxygen or air to the liquid

phase
 from liquid phase to the surface of small catalyst particles,
microorganisms, solids or liquids.

2 DAB 
 2 / 3 c g

k 'L   0.31NSc  
1
3
2  Equation 7.4.1
DP  pc 

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Continue..

2. Mass Transfer to large gas bubbles >2.5 mm

 For large bubles or liquid drops >2.5 mm, the mass coefficient
can be predicted by

 c g 
k 'L  0.42 NSc  0.5
 
1
3
Equation 7.4.3
 p 2 
 c 

 Large bubbles are produced when pure liquids are aerated in

mixing vessels and sieve plate columns.

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Continue..

3. Mass transfer to particles in transition region.

 Mass transfer in the transition region between small and large

bubles in the size range 0.6-2.5 mm, the mass coefficient can be
approximately by assuming that it increases linearly with bubles
diameter.

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Continue..

4. Mass Transfer to particles in highly turbulent mixers

 When agitation power is increased beyond that needed for

suspension of solid or liquids particles and the turbulence force
become larger than the gravitational forces, so mass transfer
coefficient

 P / V c 
 0.13  
1
2/3 Equation 7.4.4
k 'L NSc 2 
4

 p c 

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Example 7.4-1 (pg 488) Mass Transfer

from Air Bubbles in Fermentation
o Calculate the maximum rate of absorption (NA) of
O2 in a fermenter from air bubbles at 1 atm abs
pressure having diameters of 100 µm at 37oC into
water having a zero concentration of dissolved O2.
The solubility of O2 from air in water at 37oC is 2.26
x 10-4 kg mol O2 /m3. The diffusivity of O2 in water at
37oC is 3.25 x 10-9 m2/s. Agitation is used to
produce the air bubbles. (Assume: solution is dilute,
CA2 = 0, k’L ~ kL )
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Dimensional Analysis
 A fluid is flowing by forced convection in a
pipe and mass transfer is occurring from the
wall to the fluid. The fluid flow at a velocity ν
inside a pipe of diameter D. How to relate
the mass transfer coefficient kc’ to the
variables D,ρ,v,μ and DAB?

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 Dimension, u = 3(mass[M], length [L], time [t])

 The units of the variables are:

2
L M M L L
kc  ,   3 ,   ,  , DAB  , D  L
T L Lt T t

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 The dimensionless groups of Л = 6-3 = 3

1  f  2 ,  3 
 Choose recurrent variables; DAB,ρ,D

 1  D AB  D kc
a b c

 2  DAB  D kcd e f

 3  DAB  D kcg h i

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a
L   M  c L 
2 b
 For л1; 1     3  L  
 t  L  t 
 (L) 0 = 2a-3b+c+1  1  kcD  N Sh
DAB
 (M) 0 = b
D
 (t) 0 = a-1 2 
DAB
Finally ; 
3   N Sc
DAB
N Sh  f N Re , N Sh 
D
 2 DAB D
   N Re
3  DAB
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