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For the current identification, it has been assumed that the Solving equation (1) to eliminate the unknown response of
source of misalignment in the rotor is the coupling of the the rotor gives,
multi-rotor system. Such a misalignment will generate
constant forces and moments at the couplings depending Z F rF ,b + Z B P −1 Z R,bi Z −R,ii
1
fu
upon the extent of the off-set between the two rotors and (2)
= Z B P −1 Z B − I rF ,b
irrespective of the machine rotating speed [7]. The force
vector in the equation of motion was assumed to consist of
both the unbalance forces and the constant forces and where P = Z R,bb + Z B − Z R,bi Z −R,ii
1
Z R,ib . It is assumed
moments at the couplings, and these parameters were
estimated along with the foundation model. The theoretical that good models for the rotor and the bearings, Z R and
concept, and the complete computational implementation Z B , are known a priori and rF ,b is measured. Thus, the
used are presented in this paper. The method is
demonstrated using experimental data from a machine with only unknown quantities in equation (2) are the foundation
two bearings and a flexible coupling to the motor. model, Z F , and the force vectors, f u .
∆z i f z ,i
∆y i −1 f y ,i
= [K c ,i ] (16)
∆θ y ,i M y ,i
∆θ z ,i M z ,i
2.3. REGULARISATION
Equation (15) is a least-squares problem, and its solution is
likely to be ill-conditioned [21]. Generally two types of
scaling, namely row scaling and column scaling, may be
applied to least squares problems [29]. Column scaling is
necessary because of the different magnitudes of the
elements of the M F , C F and K F matrices, and the
Figure 3 Photograph of the rig in Swansea (UK)
2
scaling factors used here were 1, ω and ω respectively,
where ω is the mean value of the frequency range. The Different run-down experiments were performed with the
scaling of the columns of R and R m depend upon rotor speed reducing from 2500 RPM to 300 RPM for
different combinations of added masses to the balance
engineering judgement based on the unbalance and disks A and B listed in Table 1. Runs 1 and 4 were the
residual runs-down i.e., without any added mass to the single run-down or run-up of the machine. The method also
disks. The order tracking was performed such that each set estimates the frequency band dependent foundation
of the run-down data consisted of the 1X component of the parameters to account for the dynamics of the foundation.
displacement responses in the frequency range from The suggested method has been applied to a small
5.094Hz to 40.969Hz in steps of 0.125Hz. experimental rig and the estimated results were excellent.
Hence the suggested method seems to be reliable for the
Four critical speeds (two in the horizontal and one each in estimation of both rotor unbalance and misalignment and
the vertical and axial directions) of the machine were needs to be tested on real machines, such as a TG set, to
present in the run-down frequency range of 5.094Hz to further enhance the confidence level in the approach.
40.969Hz. The unbalance and misalignment estimation was
carried out by the suggested method for individual runs 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
assuming misalignment forces and moments at the coupling
of the rotor with the motor. The frequency range was split The authors acknowledge the support of EPSRC through
into three bands; 5.094Hz to 12.094Hz, 12.094Hz to grant number GR/M52939. Jyoti K. Sinha acknowledges
27.469Hz, and 27.469Hz to 40.969Hz based on the Mr R. K. Sinha, Associate Director, RD & DG of his parent
observation that the estimated responses were a close fit to organization B.A.R.C., India for consistent support and
the measured responses. The estimated results are listed in encouragement.
Table 1 and Figure 4 compares typical measured and
estimated responses. 6. REFERENCES
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Estimating Turbogenerator Foundation Parameters –
Table 1 Estimation of both the rotor unbalance and misalignment from the experimental run-down data