Take Off Imprenta

INDEX
1. the household 4
2. at the high school 16
3. sports 30
4. a city in the States 40

intelligence reading I
5. our home 52
6. at the sea side 64
7. at the cinema 78
8. out for some grub 90

intelligence reading II
9. a little bit about me 110
10. a weekend in the country side 126
11. the weather 146
12. gone shopping 162

intelligence reading III
the household
T H E F A M I L Y
a.
B.
e.
c.
f.
d.
a. Mr. James Williams is the father, he’s a businessman.
B. Mrs. Rose Mary Williams is the mother, she’s a housewife.
c. Edward Williams is the son; he’s a high school student.
d. Kimberly Williams is the daughter, she’s an elementary student.
e. Mr. Ronald Williams is the grandfather; he’s a retired computer and systems engineer.
f. Mrs. Sharon Williams is the grandmother, she’s a retired secretary.

4
Unit 1
James Williams is the father.
What’s his name?
His name is James; he’s the dad and Mrs. Rose Mary’s husband.
Rose Mary Williams is the mother.

What’s her name?
Her name is Rose Mary; she’s the mom and Mr. James’ wife.
Edward Williams is the son.

What’s his name?
His name is Edward, he’s Kimberly’s brother and they are siblings
Kimberly Williams is the daughter.

What’s her name?
Her name is Kimberly, she’s Edward’s sister and they’re siblings.
Ronald Williams is the Grandfather.

What’s his name?
His name is Ronald, he’s the grandpa.
Sharon Williams is the grandmother.

What’s her name?
Her name is Sharon, she’s the grandma.
Lucky is the dog.

What’s its name?
Its name is Lucky, it’s a pet.
Precious is the cat.

What’s its name?
Its name is precious, it’s a pet.
Cookie is the turtle.

What’s its name?
Its name is Cookie, it’s a pet.
5
Answer the following questions.
Who’s James Williams? What’s his occupation?
Who’s Edward Williams? What`s his occupation?
Who`s Ronald Williams? What’s his Occupation?
What`s Your name?
Who`s Rose Mary Williams? What`s her occupation?
Who`s Kimberly Williams? What`s her occupation?
Who`s Sharon Williams? What`s her occupation?
What`s your occupation?
6
Unit 1
Listen, read and complete the blanks.
This is a couch. This is a smart T.V.

What’s this? What’s this?
It’s a couch .
This is a coffee table.

This is an armchair.
What’s this?
?
It’s a coffee table.
.
This is a floor lamp. This is a digital clock.

What’s this? ?
It’s a floor lamp. .
This is a flower vase. This is a chair.

What’s this? ?
. .
This is a rug. This is a guitar.

What’s this? ?
. .
7
Is this the newspaper?

.
This is a boombox.
Is it a textbook?
?
.
.
.
Is this a laptop?
.
This is a plant.
Is it a desktop?
?
.
.
.
Is this a Blu Ray DVD player?

Is this a mirror?
.
Yes, it is.
Is it a stereo?
Is it a window?
.
No, it isn’t.
.
It’s a mirror.
Is this an IPod? Is this a picture?
Yes it is. .
Is it a tablet? Is it a painting?
No it isn’t. .
It’s an Ipod. .
Is this a baseball cap? Is this a bookshelf?

. .
Is it a baseball glove? Is it a magazine holder?
. .
. .
8
Unit 1
Is this a fish tank?

.
Is it a vase?
. That’s a crib.
. What’s that?
It’s a crib.
Is this a house?
.
Is it an apartment?
.
.
That’s a stroller.
What’s that?
Is this a scarf? .
.
Is it a table cloth?
.
.
That’s a video-game console.

?
Is this a window shade?
.
.
Is it a curtain?
.
.
That’s a digital camera.

?
That’s a doll. .
What’s that?
It’s a doll.
9
T H E FA M I LY & T H E R E L AT I V E S
aunt father nephew stepmother mother in-law
brother grandchildren niece uncle brother in-law
cousin grandmother sister wife great grandfather
daughter mother son husband half sister
Complete the sentences with your coach in your Audio Therapy Session
My brother’s daughter is my ___________________.
My wife’s father is my ___________________.
My children’s children are my ___________________.
My father’s sister is my ____________________.
My uncle’s children are my ____________________.
10
Unit 1
Some Useful Remarks:
GREETINGS & FAREWELLS
Teacher: Hi! How are you?”

Student: Just fine, thanks, how about you?”
Student: “Hey! What’s up”

Student 2: “What’s up man”
Teacher: “Nice to meet you”

You:“Nice to meet you too”
Student 1: “What’s your name?”

Student 2: “My name is ___________________.”
11
Teacher: “Good morning. I’m the teacher.”
Student: “Good morning. I’m a student.”
Student 1:“Hi!”
Student 2:“Hello”
Student:”Good bye”
Student:”bye, bye”
Teachers:”See you later”

Students:“See you later” or “See you”
Students:”See you soon”

Student: “See you soon” or “See you”
Students:”Good night”
You:”Good night” or “See you tomorrow”
12
Unit 1
Practice this dialogue this with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Janet: Good morning, sir. What’s your Janet: No, I don’t. I speak English and
name? Spanish.
Peter: sorry?
Peter: I don’t speak English very well be-
Janet: Where are you from?
cause I speak French with my relatives.
Peter: Oh... I don’t understand... Janet: Really? Where do you live in

Canada?
Janet: My name is Janet. I am from
London, I am British. And you? Where Peter: I live in Ottawa, the capital of
are you from? Canada.
Janet: Oooh! And what’s your name?

Peter: Oh! I am from Canada, I am
Canadian. Peter: Oh, my name is Peter. Nice to
meet you.
Janet: Oh! Canada is very beautiful!
Janet: Nice to meet you, too.
Peter: Yes! It’s very, very nice!
Peter: Goodbye!
Peter: Do you speak French? Janet: See you!
13
The Alphabet:
VOWELS AND CONSONANTS
a e i o u
A B C D E F
G H I J K L
M N O P Q R
S T U V W X
14
Y Z
Unit 1
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Wh-Questions
WHO= is use to obtain information about a person or people.

WHAT= is use to obtain general information about people, objets or places.
Verb to be
AM= for personal application. (I am the teacher)

IS= in singular application for people or objects. (Ronald Williams is the the grandpa)
ARE= in plural application for people or objects. (The Williams are the family)
Subject Pronouns
I= for personal use. (I’m a student)

HE=male gender in singular. (He’s a businessman)
SHE= female gender in singular. (She’s my sister)
IT= objects or animals in singular. (It’s the turtle)
Possesive Adjectives
MY= use to talk about personal possesions. (This is my book)

HIS= use to talk about other male’s possesion in singular. (His name is James)
HER= use to talk about other female’s possesion in singular. (Her name is Mary)
ITS= use to talk about animals, objects or places possesion. (Its name is cookie)
15
AT THE HIGH SCHOOL
T H I S I S A H I G H S C H O O L .
In the high school there are many classrooms.
16
Unit 2
This is Edward Williams English classroom, in this classroom there are more students, too.
There are lockers, desks, books and chairs in the classroom. On the desks there are pencils
and books.
There’s a bulletin board, a whiteboard, a loud speaker and a clock on the walls.
The English teacher is Miss. Green and the teacher’s aid is Mr. Carter, he helps the teacher
every day.
There’s a bookcase in the classroom with many books in it. There’s a globe and a pencil
sharpener on the bookcase.
These are the class mates.

This is the classroom’s globe.
Are these the classmates?
Is this the classroom’s globe?
Yes they are.
Yes it is.
Are these people teachers?
Is this a sharpener? No it isn’t.
No they aren’t.
It’s the classroom’s globe.
They’re the class mates.
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Those are Joshua and Peter.

Are those Joshua and Peter?
Yes they are. Those are calculators.
Are those Jimmy and Natasha? Are those calculators?
No they aren’t. .
They’re Joshua and Peter. Are those computer keyboards?
.
That’s my friend Claudia. .
Is that my friend Claudia?
Yes she is.
Is that my English teacher? These are thumbtacks.
No she isn’t. Are these thumbtacks?
She’s my friend Claudia. .
Are these nails?
These are computers. .
Are these computers? .
Yes they are.
Are these tablets?
Those are Whiteboard markers.
No they aren’t.
Are those whiteboard markers?
They’re computers
.
Are they permanent markers?
Those are tablets.
.
Are those tablets?
.
Yes they are.
Are those computers?
No they aren’t. These are cell phones.
They’re tablets. Are these cell phones?
.
These are textbooks. Are these alarm clocks?
Are these textbooks? .
. .
Are these notebooks?
.
.
18
Unit 2
Those are mouse pads.

Are those mouse pads?
.
Are they magazines?
.
This is a printer.
.
Is this a printer?
.
These are computer monitors Is it a computer?
Are these computer monitors? .
. .
Are they TV. screens?
.
.
That’s a U.S.B.
Is it a U.S.B?
This is a pencil case. .
Is this a pencil case? Is it a cell phone chip?
Yes it is. .
Is it a binder? .
No it isn’t.
It’s a pencil case.
That’s an algebra book. This is a map.

Is that an algebra book? Is this a map?
Yes it is. .
Is it a Geography book? Is it a poster?
No it isn’t. .
It’s an algebra book. .
That’s a pen.
Is that a pen?
.
Is it a laser?
.
.
19
There’s a student in the classroom.

Is there a student in the classroom?
Yes there is.
Is there a janitor in the classroom?
No there isn’t.
There’s a student in the classroom.
There are students in the classroom.

Are there students in the classroom?
Yes there are.
Are there janitors in the classroom?
No there aren’t.
There are students in the classroom.
There’s a math problem on the whiteboard.

Is there a math problem on the board?
.
Is there a history question on the board?
.
.
20
Unit 2
There are math problems on the whiteboard.

Are there math problems on the board?
.
Are there History questions on the board?
.
.
There’s a laser on the teacher’s desk.

Is there a laser on the teacher’s desk?
.
Is there a ruler on the teacher’s desk?
.
.
There are trash cans in the classroom.

Are there trash cans in the classroom?
.
Are there soda cans in the classroom?
.
.
21
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G
Used In/On with complete answers.
Where are Edward’s classmates?
Where is the globe?
In which class is Edward?
Where is the classroom?
Where’s the laser beam?
Where are the trash cans?
22
Unit 2
CLASSROOM
Teacher: Please, say your name.
Teacher: repeat your name.
Teacher: Spell your name.
23
Answer the following questions with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
G R A D U A T I O N D A Y
Teacher: Congratulations David, I heard that you’ll Answer the following questions.
graduate from middle school education this week.
What kind of behavior is mature and responsible?
David: Thank you, I’m really happy of finishing my
middle school education: Now I’ll begin my high
school education.
Teacher: You’re not a little child anymore; you’re a What do immature people do?
young adult now. You’re new teachers will expect
you to be responsible and mature.
David: I know. It’s time for me to stop being

childish. I should be serious about studying. What do you want to do after you graduate from school?
Teacher: If you study and get good grades in high

school, your parents will be very proud of you.
24
Unit 2
CLASSROOM
Teacher: go to the board. Teacher: read the definition.
Teacher: work with a partner.

Teacher: erase the board.
Teacher: work in a group.

Teacher: take your seat.
Teacher: work as a class.

Teacher: read page 10.
Teacher: take notes.

Teacher: close your book.
Teacher: take out a piece of paper.

Teacher: put your book away.
Teacher: choose the correct answer.

Teacher: do your homework.
Teacher: circle the correct answer.

Teacher: turn in your homework.
Teacher: fill in the blanks.

Teacher: correct your mistakes.
Teacher: match the word.

Teacher: work together.
Teacher: look up a word. Teacher: underline the word.
25
D AY S O F T H E W E E K
7 days a week
Weekdays: 5 days of the week
MONDAY MON.
TUESDAY TUE.
WEDNESDAY WED.
THURSDAY THU.
FRIDAY FRI.
Weekend: 2 days of the week
SATURDAY S AT.
SUNDAY SUN.
26
Unit 2
Write down the correct question words. Then interview another classmate in the Audio
Therapy Session.
Q U E S T I O N W O R D S
What, When, Where, How, Which
1. do you live? .
2. At time do you wake up? .
3. is your favorite movie? .
4. old are you? .
5. is your birthday? .
6. tall are you? .
7. is your email address? .
8. do you come to class? .
27
COLORS
Color names if Color names if

you’re a girl: you’re a guy:
Marashino
Red
Ceyenne
Maroon
Plum
Eggplant
Purple
Grape
Orchid
Lavender
Carnation
Strawberry
Bubblegum Pink
Magenta
Salmon
Tangerine
Orange
Cantaloupe
Banana
Yellow
Lemon
Honeydew
Lime
Spring
Clover
Fem Green
Moss
Flora
Sea Foam
Spindrift
Teal
Blue
Sky
Turqouise
28
Unit 2
WH- QUESTIONS
Articles
a and an are used to refer to something specific in singular.
For example: a computer

an apple
Singular versus Plural
SINGULAR: there is/this is/that is/it is
PLURAL: there are/these are/those are/they are
Subject pronoun
THEY: It´s used to talk about a group of people that doesn´t include you.
( Edward and Kimberly are siblings./They are siblings.)
29
SPORTS
I N T R O D U C T I O N S
Hello I’m the P.E. (Physical Education) instructor.
I’m a female (woman).
My name is Jennifer, but you can call me Jenny.
He’s Nathan.
He’s a teenage boy.
He’s a hockey player.
Hello we’re Jean and Nicole.
We’re young women.
We’re swimmers.
She’s Melanie.
She’s a teenage girl.
She’s an ice skater.
They’re Natasha and Tyler.
They’re athletes.
They practice track and field.
30
Unit 3
Jenny: You are .
You’re a .
You’re a .
Jenny: Who is the hockey player?
.
Jenny: What are Natasha and Tyler?
.
Use the pronouns he/she/they/we/you with the correct verb to be, writing complete answers.
Name two famous women athletes?
Name two famous men athletes?
Is your boss a man or a woman?
What’s your coach’s name and gender?
What`s your coach`s favorite sport or Physical exercise?
Are Paul and Steve females?
31
What’s your favorite sport or physical exercise?
Is Jenny a gymnastics or a P.E. instructor?
Is Melanie a teenage boy?
Which is the activity that Natasha and Tyler like to practice?
Is your last name Williams?
32
Unit 3
S P O R T S A N D E X E R C I S E
Critical Thinking
Match each sport from the box with the correct clue 1 to 8.
YOGA Hockey KARATE RUNNING Skiing Swimming Tennis Volleyball
1. I wear comfortable clothes and carry a small mat to every class.
2. It doesn’t take me long to go down a hill!
3. We play with sticks and try to hit the hockey puck into a net.
4. We play with racquets and try to hit the ball over a net.
5. We do this in pairs. We usually wear white clothes and a dark belt.
6. We go around a track as fast as possible.
7. We play in teams and hit a large ball over a net with our hands.
8. I do these two or three times a week at an outdoor pool.
33
Match the pictures with eight different sports.
Gymnastics
Jogging
Skating
Mountain cycling
Baseball
Snowboarding
Surfing
Rugby
Free style climbing
34
Unit 3
D E S C R I B I N G P E O P L E
We use the verb to be to describe height and body build.
EX. I am tall and slim. Complete the following sentences
He is fat. 1. I ________ short.
Ann is short.
2. Kate ________ a small girl.
You are thin.

3. Tom ________ very fat.
They are short.
4. Why ________ you so thin?
5. They ________ both tall.
F A C I A L F E A T U R E S
We use have and has to describe hair color, hair length and facial features.
Facial features are eyes, nose, mouth, ears etc...
EX. Jack has short hair.
I have long black hair.

Pronouns have/has
She has small ears. I, You, We, They Have
My teacher has a round face.

He, She, It Has
They have small eyes.
EXAMPLE: Facial features, describing faces.
HAIR She has long brown hair.

Mouth/teeth She has a small mouth.
eYES He has small brown eyes.
Moustache He has a brown mous-
NOSE He has a big nose.
tache and a beard
(goatee).
35
Now describe these faces with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Hair Eyes Nose Mouth Ears
Exercise reading and writing.
Complete the following paragraph using the correct verbs.
My friend John ________ very tall. He works out a
lot and ________ very buff. He ________ blue eyes
and brown hair. He ________ big ears and a big nose.
Today he ________ ________ a blue shirt and a pair
of jeans.
36
Unit 3
Exercise reading and writing.
Use the following words to complete the paragraph bellow.
is am wearing has puerto rico have
wear have fisrt year wore am HAS
My name is Kayla. I am a _______________ student. I come from _______________.
I _______________ not tall, but I _______________ not fat either. I _______________ long wavy hair
and a pony tail. Like most Puerto Rican, I _______________ blue eyes. Today I ______________ my
student uniform.
Yesterday I ________________ blue jeans and a yellow t-shirt. I went to watch a movie with my friend
Mara. She _______________ 154 cm tall and ______________ straight short hair. She ______________
a big nose, but I think she is pretty.
37
Exercise
Remember: height and body build with to be;hair color, length and facial features we use have or has;
clothes we use wearing.
Write a short paragraph to describe yourself.
My name is:
Exercise
Write about one of your classmates, then use the information to describe him/her to your coach in the
Audio Therapy session.
Use the correct tense
Remember: height and body build with to be;hair color, length and facial features we use have or has;
clothes we use wearing.
His/her name is:
38
Unit 3
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Wh-Questions:
WHICH- is use to check the option that you prefer from a group of similar options.
Ex: Which is your favorite color?
Singular Plural Nouns
A noun can be an object’s name, a place, a person’s title (i.e. =doctor), a gender or even a name.
Subject Pronouns with Verb to Be in Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative
Example:
I’m Jenny I’m not Jenny Am I Jenny?
He’s a hockey player He isn’t a hockey player Is he a hockey player?
She’s a surfer She isn’t a surfer Is she a surfer?
It’s a turtle It isn’t a turtle Is it a turtle?
We’re baseball players We aren’t baseball Are we baseball

players players?
You are Claudia You aren’t Claudia Are you Claudia?
They are athletes They aren’t athletes Are they athletes?
Adjectives Exceptions
An adjective is a word (a part of speech) Sometimes an adjective is not followed by a

that modifies (describes) a noun. Nouns are noun:
words that name a place, a person, a thing,
or an idea. An adjective is a word that gives The sky is blue.
more information about the noun that goes
with it (accompanies). The joke she told was so funny, I could not stop laughing all day.
As a rule, in English, the adjective comes He went crazy.

before the noun it describes.
Kayla is a beautiful Puerto Rican girl.
Mara has straight hair.
It’s still an adjective, because we could have “the blue sky”, “the funny joke”, and “the crazy man”. The adjective is
still describing the noun though they are not side by side.
An adjective is a word that gives instant information about a noun to make a clear picture of the noun in the mind
of the reader and create he feeling of the writer.
39
A city in the stateS
In the city there are many sites that you can visit, there are many skyscrapers. There are good
museums, galleries and exhibitions. There are from high culinary restaurants to hot-dog or pretzel
stands. There are all type of schools. There are many malls and supermarkets, where you can buy
whatever you want. You can find many hospitals with the latest crafts there are. There are high-
class hotels with the best sceneries. The parks are ecologically intelligent. The movie theaters
are nice you can find 3-D or even 4-D cinemas in the city nowadays. If you’re looking for a place
to live, you could rent a small studio, an apartment, a loft or a house. You can look up a place
whether in the city or in the suburbs. There are banks and bank tellers everywhere you look, but
there’s no need to go straight to a bank because you can withdraw cash from almost anywhere.
One of the mayor setbacks is the traffic; there are traffic jams all over the city, the good thing is
that you can grab a cab very easy at any time.. Night life is great, there are many places to go to,
for example: night clubs, theaters, bars, just to mention some.
40
Unit 4
Some typical professions and occupations in a city:
Retail salesperson Maids and housekeeping cleaners
Office clerks Landscaping and groundskeeping workers
Registered nurses Light truck or delivery service drivers
Customer service representatives Construction labores
Janitors and cleaners First-line supervisors of food preparation and

serving workers
Secretaries and administrative assistants
Stock clerks and order fillers Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
General and operation managers Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
Maintenance and repair workers Personal care aides
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers Middle school teachers
Executive secretaries Police and sheriff’s patrol officers
Accountants and auditors Childcare workers
Home health aides Mechanics
Team assemblers Computer support specialists
41
Practice this dialogue with your coach in your Audio Therapy session.
FAMISHED
A. I’m starving! It would be truly appreciated if you bought me a burrito.
B. I’m a little short. I don’t have enough for you.
A. I’m starving, as I didn’t eat yet today.
B. I really don’t have enough money.
A. My stomach feels so empty.
B. Well, why don’t you ask Bob for some money? I’m hungry, too.
A. I’ll be getting money on Friday, and I’ll get back to you then.
B. O.k. so on Friday, you can buy yourself something to eat.
A. That’s not nice.
B. You can always go home and fix something to eat.
A. I can’t go home yet, because I have things to do here.
B. Sorry. That’s not my problem.
42
Unit 4
CRITICAL THINKING
What’s your occupation?
Do you like your work? Why?
Is your job in the city or the suburbs?
Which is your favorite leisure activity?
Do you like to go to the cinema?
What kind of movies do you like?
Where is the best cinema in your city?
Do you prefer to eat out or to fix something at home?
43
What’s your favorite kind of food?
Which is your favorite restaurant in your city?
Do you like to go to the parks in your city? Why/why not?
What places can a person visit in your city?
Name 3 of the best Universities or schools in your city?
Name 2 of the most important Hospitals in your city?
Which is the name of the most popular mall in your city?
How is the traffic at your city?
44
Unit 4
PREPOSITIONS ON PLACE
In general, we use:
oN. for a SURFACE IN. for an ENCLOSED SPACE AT. for a POINT
AT IN ON
at home in a car on a bus
at work in a taxi on a train
at school in a helicopter on a plane
at university in a boat on a ship
at college in an elevator on a bicycle, on a

motorbike
at the top in the newspaper on a horse, on an

elephant
on the radio, on
at the bottom in the sky television
at the side in a row on the left, on the right
at frontdesk in class room On the way
Choose the appropriate preposition of place and fill-in the blanks
oN. IN. AT.
A. My best friend lives ______ Central Avenue.
B. I’ll be ready to leave ____ about twenty minutes.
C. Since he met his new girlfriend, Juan never seems to be ______ home.
D. I think she spent the entire afternoon ______ the phone.
45
P R E P O S I T I O N S O F L O C AT I O N
Prepositions of location describe where something is.
on behind above under next to below
in between around INSIDE among on the right
OUTSIDE across from on the left in front of opposite beside
CRITICAL THINKING
Study the prepositions in the box above and select the correct preposition for each of the sentences accord-
ing to the position in the map.
Bank Police Store

Station
Main Street
Post Office Drug Store Movie

Theater
Second Street
Fisrt Street
Library Hospital
School Restaurant
Central Avenue
Train Church
Station
46
Unit 4
The drugstore is _________________________________________ the police station.
The police station is ____________________________________ the bank and the store.
The school is ___________________________________________ the restaurant.
The drugstore is __________________________________________ the movie theater.
The train station is _______________________________________ the school.
The library is _________________________________________ First Street.
The restaurant is _______________________________________ the movie theater.
What places are there on the left of the map?
What place is there on the right of the map?
GIVING DIRECTIONS
“How do I get to the __________ ?” “Go on for a block”

“Go past ____________ ”
“Turn right” “It’s on the corner of _________ and
“Turn left” _________.
“Go straight”
47
Bank Police Store
Station
Main Street
Post Office Drug Store Movie

Theater
Second Street
Fisrt Street
Library Hospital
School Restaurant
Central Avenue
Train Church
Station
Using the map and the directions above, practice with your coach how to give directions in the Audio
Therapy session.
I’m at the post office. How do I get to the church?
(Go straight on Main Street. Turn right on Second Street. Turn left on
Central Avenue. It’s on the right).
I’m at the school. How do I get to the movie theater?
(Turn right onto First Street. Go one block. Turn right on Main Street.
Go past the post office and the drugstore. It’s on the right.)
I’m in the movie theater. How do I get to the school?
Turn __________ onto __________. Go __________ block. Turn

__________. Go __________ the restaurant. It’s on __________.
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Unit 4
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Simple Present:
Auxiliary Do
We use the auxiliary Do to make 2 types of questions.
1st Type of short question:
Do you like your work?

With this type of question you have 2 options of short answer:
Yes, I do or No, I do not(No, I don’t)
2nd Type question:
Why do you think it’s the best museum?

With this type of questions you have to give a more detail answer:
i.e.= I think it’s the best museum because of the great exhibitions.
Prepositions of place
We use:
AT. for a POINT IN. for an ENCLOSED SPACE oN. for a SURFACE
Prepositions of Location
Prepositions of location describe where something is.
on behind above under next to below
in between around INSIDE among on the right
OUTSIDE across from on the left in front of opposite beside
49
INTELLIGENCE READING I
Intelligence Reading= Use an english-english dictionary to look up words that you don’t understand
and check with your coach in the Audio Therapy Session.
“The following north-European icy years”
There are still a few people in northern Europe who think that global warming might not be such a bad
thing. In Britain, where summer can sometimes seem to last little more than a few weeks, many would
welcome the idea of it getting a bit hotter.
Unfortunately things are not so simple. Global warming doesn’t just mean that the world will slowly
get warmer. Paradoxically, it could cause certain areas to get colder - a lot colder. The latest predictions
are that northern Europe could even be plunged into an ice age. While areas of south-eastern Europe,
such as Greece, would continue to get hotter and drier, Britain could find itself, in the winter months
at least, surrounded by sea ice.
The reason for this concerns the Greenland ice sheet. This is one of the biggest expanses of ice in the
world - around 1,500km long and 600km wide. It is so big that if it all melted, sea levels would rise by
7 meters. Due to rising emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide from the combustion of
fossil fuels, this ice sheet is melting at an alarming rate. But how could the melting of the Greenland
ice sheet threaten to plunge northern Europe into a new ice age?
The link in the chain of events is what some call the Gulf Stream and others call the Atlantic Conveyor.
This is the stream of warm water that comes up from Central America and flows across the Atlantic to
northern Europe. It is this huge mass of warm water which accounts for the relatively high temperatures
enjoyed by Britain, for instance, compared with parts of Canada and Russia which are equally far north
of the equator. Warm water is conveyed across to Europe near the surface of the Atlantic, and at its
northernmost point it cools and sinks because the water from the tropics has a higher salt content,
making it denser and so heavier than the water near the arctic. The cold, dense water then flows south
close to the ocean floor, back towards central and South America to complete the cycle.
Scientists are beginning to make bleak predictions of an impending ice age in the northern hemisphere
because they have observed that the water flowing from the melting Greenland ice sheet is flowing into
the path of the Gulf Stream. The water from the melted ice will reduce the density of the water in the
Gulf Stream, stopping the water sinking in the north, thereby cutting off the deep southerly current,
which, in return, will cut off the northerly flow of warmer water. At that point the seas around Britain
will begin to freeze.
OUR HOME
Hey guys, how you doing? It’s me, Eddy Williams!!
Well in this unit I’m gonna tell you about my home.
My mom says that the frontage of the house is cantaloupe but dad says is orange.
What do you think?
O.k. let’s go on,our home is very big in my opinion. There are a total of ten rooms.
Our bedrooms are upstairs, my parents’ bedroom is the master bedroom and it has its own
bathroom, to tell you the truth I really envy their room because it’s really nice.
52
Unit 5
My grandparents’ room, my sister´s room and my bedroom are up-

stairs too.
There’s also the other complete bathroom which we share but I don’t
mind.
My dad uses the attic as his personal office, sometimes he lets Kim and
I watch T.V. there.
53
The kitchen, the living room and the dining room are downstairs. Down in the basement there’s the
laundry room.
My mom spends a lot of time in the kitchen, she says that it’s her favorite room at home, she cooks
delicious meals there for all of us, dad isn’t a bad cook himself and he bakes some off the hook cookies.
We all like to gather around in the living room because it’s nice and cozy. We can seat there for a long
time and listen to grandpa & grandma talk about them when they were young. Kim likes to play around
with Precious.
I don’t like her cat hanging around the living room because it always wants to get to cookie, my pet turtle
The dining room is the simplest room there’s in the house we like it as it is because it’s small but very
comfortable, there’s lots of sun light in there.
Grandma likes to hang around the laundry room down in the basement; she says that it’s her favorite
room from the house, not for me though. When I go there is because I have to do the laundry which is
my less favorite house chore.
54
Unit 5
Now if you want to talk fun, let’s talk about the yard we think it’s really awesome,
whenever you’re around our city you should came on over you we’ll be more than
welcome!!!
Let’s go out to the yard follow me.
Ha, what do you think??
Nice don’t you think so, to be honest I want to throw a pool party but my folks
don’t agree with the idea.
Anyways we love this place especially during summer time we can go for a swim to
freshen upon those hot summer days while dad gets a barbecue going.
O.k. so now you know our house I hope you like the tour I gave you of it, see you
around then.
55
VOCABULARY
Other rooms in a house:
Basement= The lowest floor of a building or house, usually below ground level.
Attic= People store things in the attic.
Storage Room= A small room used for storage.
Cellar= Underneath the house, used to keep fine wine.
Conservatory= A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.
Drawing Room= A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.
Games Room= A room in large houses where games are played.
Hall= The entrance passage to a house.
Larder= A small room used for the storage of food.
Library= A room where books are kept.
Lounge= Another name for living room.
Music Room= A room where people play music.
Office= A room where people work.
Pantry=A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.
Sitting Room= Another name for living room.
Spare Room/Guest Room= A room where guests sleep.
Utility Room= A room where appliances such as washing machines are used.
56
Unit 5
Stove Toaster Dishwasher
Burner (electric) Kitchen sink Food containers
Oven Faucet Garbage disposal
Frying pan Tea kettle Kitchen table
Pot Colander Measuring spoons
POT (large) Mixing bowl Mixing bowls
Microwave oven Wok Spatula
Kitchen cabinets Canisters Strainer
Kitchen counter Coffee maker Tongs
Fridge Whisk Tin opener
Write the correct name under each object using the words from above.
57
58
Practice this dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session. Unit 5
Hannah: Hi, Tom. This is Hannah calling.
Tom: Hi, Hannah. What`s up?
Hannah: I think my garbage disposal kicked the bucket.
Tom: Is it dying, or is it dead?
Hannah: Turning on the switch is the same as not turning on the switch.
Tom: Did it make strange sounds before it croaked?
Hannah: Last week I noticed that it sounded strange.
Tom: You haven`t been putting mango or avocado seeds in there, have you?
Hannah: I use the disposal rarely.
Tom: I think a disposal freezes up when it`s not used frequently.
Hannah: You mean it`s sort of like use it or lose it.?
Tom: Try loosening it up by using the disposal key.
Hannah: Disposal key? I have a house key and a car key, but no a disposal key.
Tom: Well, I`ve got an extra key. I`ll bring it over.
Hannah: Okay, Come on over, and show me how to fix this thing.
Tom: Sometimes the key works, sometimes it doesn`t. you still might have to call a
plumber.
Hannah: Well, there’s no big hurry, as far as I’m concerned
Tom: If you don’t fix it sometime soon, your apartment might start to attract bugs or
rodents.
59
Answer the questions with complete answers.
Do you live in a house or in an apartment?
Do you like your neighborhood?
What color is the frontage of your pad?
How many rooms are there in your place?
Which is your favorite room in your house?
What’s the difference between family and relatives?
How many family members live with you?
How many siblings do you have?
When you misbehave do your parents ground you? Do you ground you children when they misbehave?
60
Unit 5
What do you like to do on the weekend?
What does your brother or sister like to do on the weekend?
Write down four things that you don’t normally do on your daily come and go?
Fill in the blanks with the correct simple present tense form of the verb (in parentheses):
Ex. I read every day
1. My sister Kimberly _______________ (talk) very fast.

2. My brother and I _______________ (speak) Japanese.
3. They _______________ (live) in Portland.
4. James _______________ (work) a lot.
5. Our neighbors _______________ (be) very quiet.
6. We ______________ (go) to the movies every weekend.
7. My cousin _______________ (be) thin.
8. My mother Mary_______________ (clean) the house every
Sunday.
9.
Kimberly’s cat _______________ (like) to play with the turtle.
10. I _______________ (love) my grandma’s cookies.

61
Housework and household chores.
Choose the best response to complete each of the following sentences.
1. My mother asked me to do the _______________ (dishes/plates).
2. My father asked me to _______________ (make/do) my bed.
3. My brother asked me to _______________ (wet/water) the plants.
4. My grandmother asked me to _______________ (cleanse/clean) Precious litter box.
5. My roommate asked me to do the _______________ (clothes/laundry).
6. My wife asked me to _______________ (mow/cut) the lawn.
7. My boyfriend asked me to _______________ (vacuum/vacate) the living room.
8. My mother asked me to _______________ (scrub/scrape) the toilet.
9. My parents asked me to _______________ (tidy/tighten) up my room.
10. My grandfather asked me to _______________ (take/make) out the trash.
62
Unit 5
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Expressions
“Like to”: is use to talk about doing an activity that’s satisfying to you.
“Want to”: is use to talk about an intention that you have.
“Have to”: is use to talk about an obligation that you have.
Simple Present:
Auxiliary Does
We use the auxiliary Does to make 2 types of questions.
1st Type of question:
Does Rose Mary like to bake cookies?
With this type of question you have 2 options of answer:
Yes she does or No, she does not(No, she doesn’t)
2nd Type question:
Why does Kimberly like cats?
With this type of question you have to give a more detailed answer.
i.e. =I think she likes cats because cats are independent.
In simple present with third person: He, She, It. We have to add “s” or “es” to the verbs in affirmative sentences
or responses.
i.e. = She (Grandma Williams) bakes cookies.

He (James Williams) works hard.
It (Precious) scratches the sofas.
63
AT THE SEASIDE
Every other weekend James likes to take his family to the beach. They live far from the there, but for
that special occasion is well worth the trip. The Williams get into the car and drive off without stopping
‘till they get there.
James is very fond of the ocean. Rose Mary and James try to nourish the thought on their children
about taking care of nature but at the same time enjoy it as well. The children as their parents love and
wait anxiously to go to the beach.
The only set back that they can think of while they’re setting on the outing to the beach, it’s the long
journey back home, but apart from that they feel that everything is all good. Normally they set off
early in the morning right after brunch. So that they can have plenty of time enjoying themselves at
the crystal blue ocean.
64
Unit 6
Right now Kim is making a sandcastle.
Edward is snorkeling over at the coral reefs with some guys he just met, he really likes to observe the
coral reefs, and he’s fascinated by them and its natural beauty. He knows that Coral reefs are some of
the most diverse ecosystems in the world, housing tens of thousands of marine species. About one-
third of all marine fish species live part of their lives on coral reefs.
Mr. James Williams prefers to do a little bit of kayaking along the shore, he finds this activity soul
relaxing and mind cleansing.
Mrs. Rose Mary Williams is just sunbathing under the shade of a big three they found; since it was big,
nice and comfy they chose the spot for them.
65
CRITICAL THINKING
Fill in the blanks below with words from this box:
starfish volleyball snorkeling rays breeze
shells sandcastle blanket sandy driftwood
waves swimming escape summer beach
surfing shore skin towel suntan
sunburn sunscreen parasol
GOING TO THE BEACH
One of the best ways to _____________ the heat of the ___________ months is to head down to the
____________. You can lie down in a soft __________ spot and feel the cool _____________ off of the
ocean.
S U N TA N N I N G
A lot of people try to get a _____________ at the beach. To do this, they lie down on a _____________
and expose their _______________ to the sun’s _________________. After a while their skin turns
brown. However, if they stay in the sun too long their skin turns red and they get a _____________. To
prevent this, sunbathers should always put ________________ on their skin. To stay out of the sun many
beachgoers use a ______________, which is a giant beach umbrella.
66
Unit 6
BEACHCOMBING
At the beach, it’s fun to search for things that wash up on the _____________. There are often brightly
colored _______________ and crabs among the seaweed and ______________. There are also many
curly ______________, which children like to collect.
BEACH ACTIVITIES
To cool off, many people go ______________. And if the _____________ are high, some people even
try _______________. Or, if there is a lot of interesting sea life, people can put on a mask and go
_________________. When they are done in the water, they can use a _____________ to dry off and
then build a ________________ in the sand or play beach _________________.
67
Fill in the blanks with the words in the boxes.
Sharks: Basic Facts
rows Fish gills scales Fins
Sharks are _____________________. They have _____________________ to help them breathe and
_____________________ to help them swim. They have _____________________ on their skin and
_____________________ of teeth in their mouths.
Monsters of the Sea?
attacks mistake harmless afraid vicious
Many people are _____________________ of sharks. They think sharks are _____________________
monsters. But in truth, shark _____________________ are very rare. Most sharks are
_____________________. Often when sharks do attack, they _____________________ people for seals
or other prey.
Endangered Animals
breed endangered soup overfishing
Many sharks are _____________________ because of _____________________.That means they are
close to becoming extinct. In some countries, people use the shark fins to make _____________________.
Sharks _____________________ very slowly so it takes a long time for some species to increase their
numbers.
68
Unit 6
On the beach vocabulary
Choose the most logical response to complete each of the following sentences.
towel swim sunglasses swimming trunks sharks
dry sand cooler bikini crabs
waves TAN lotion prohibited boat
surfboard lifeguard bathroom sandcastle seagulls
1. Could you please pass me one of the bottles of water from the ___________________?
2. I’ve got ____________________ in my shoes.
3. Hey you’ve already got a ____________________. Don’t stay in the sun any longer, or
you’ll get sunburned.
4. Is that shirt wet or ____________________?
5. Hand me a ____________________. I need to dry off.
6. The ____________________ are too big, and I’m afraid they’ll knock me down if I go
into the water.
7. I’m going in for a ____________________.
69
8. I’d feel safer if there was a ____________________ around.
9. Jim’s a great surfer, but his ____________________ isn’t very good.
10. Wear your ____________________ or you’ll hurt your eyes.
11. Most ____________________ have eight legs and two claws.
12. I drank too much water, and now I have to go to the ____________________.
13. Although many people think they are dangerous,__________________ hardly ever
attack humans.
14. There are a lot of ____________________ flying around here.
15. Rub some ____________________ on my back so I don’t get burnt.
16. My sister is wearing a new ____________________.
17. Let’s build a ___________________!
18. I have to buy a new pair of ____________________.
19. Can we rent a ____________________ and go out to one of the nearby islands?
20. Smoking is ____________________ on this beach.
70
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G Unit 6
Answer the questions
Have you ever been to the beach?
How many cities do you know that have a beach?
Which one did you like the most? Why?
Do you like to swim in the sea?
Why or why not?
Do you like to walk in the sand without shoes? How does it feel to you?
Do you like to make sandcastles?
Have you ever been buried in the sand?
If yes, how did it feel?
Do you think it would be fun? Why or why not?
71
Object Pronoun or Reflexive Pronoun.
I hurt _______________ playing football. She hurt _______________.
me myself him herself
I cut _______________ shaving. Do you mind if you take _______________ home

now?
me myself me myself
I helped _______________ to get some food. I wanted to do it _______________.
him herself me myself
He’s so ill he can’t dress _______________. She took it upon _______________ to organize
everything.
him himself her herself
The decision is fine by _______________. He helped _______________ do it.
me myself me myself
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Unit 6
Practice this dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session
A. Let’s go to the beach.
B. That’s a great idea.
A. We haven’t been there in a while.
B. We haven’t been there in a month.
A. The last time we went, you almost drowned.
B. No, I didn’t.
A. Then why did the lifeguard dive into the water?
B. I think he wanted to cool off.
A. He swam right up to you.
B. And then he turned right around.
A. Maybe you’re right.
B. Maybe we should get going.
73
E X P R E S S I N G L I K E S
I love chocolate. I love playing football. I love .
I like animals. I like dancing. I like .
I enjoy foreign films. I enjoy running. I enjoy .
I’m crazy about Beck. I’m crazy about skiing. I’m crazy about .
I’m mad about Brad Pitt. I’m mad about singing. I’m mad about .
*I’m fond of her. I’m fond of cycling. I’m fond of .
is my favorite movie / actor / singer / book, etc.
looks / sounds / smells / tastes / feels good.
E X P R E S S I N G D I S L I K E S
I hate spiders. I hate writing essays. I hate .
I don’t like spinach. I don’t like being cold. I don’t like .
I can’t stand smoke. I can’t stand being late. I can’t stand .
I can’t put up with Mike. I can’t put up with lying. I can’t put up with .
I’m fed up with Jill. I’m fed up with wasting money. I’m fed up with .
I’m sick of homework. I’m sick of going to the movies. I’m sick of .
I’m tired of vegetables. I’m tired of being sick. I’m tired of .
really bugs me.
makes me mad / angry.
drives me crazy.
annoys me.
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Unit 6
E X P R E S S I N G I N D I F F E R E N C E
Do you mind if I open the window? I don’t mind.
Does it bother you if I smoke? It doesn’t bother me.
Do you want to go here or there? It doesn’t matter to me.
Which movie should we watch? It makes no difference to me.
Which book do you like more? It’s all the same to me.
What do you want for dinner? I don’t care.
Do you want this one or that one? I couldn’t care less.
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A M E R I C A N T O U R I S T
A T T R A C T I O N S
Identify the following tourist attractions in the U.S.
THE STRIP Grand Canyon Disney World Statue of Liberty Sears Tower
Mount Rushmore Mardi Gras Golden Gate Bridge Smithsonian Museum
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Unit 6
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Simple Present
Permanent Situations
Use the Present Simple to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time.
• I live in Boston
• He works as a fireman.
• Margaret drives a Volkswagen.
• Jerry doesn’t teach math at high school
State Verbs
You should use the Present Simple with state verbs.
• I like swimming.
• We know this man.
Future Arrangements
Use the Present Simple to talk about events that we can’t change (for example, an official meeting or
a train departure).
• The meeting starts at 4 PM.
• The train leaves at noon.
• When does the plane take off?
• Jerry doesn’t teach math at high school.
77
AT THE CINEMA
The Williams family enjoys watching movies together at the cinema or in their own house. In most
cases, they drop by a local movie rental shop and rent a few DVDs for the evening. Before they rent
a movie, they usually read the rundown of the film to find out what critics think about the movie.
Edward Williams recently joined an online movie rental club, and he can down load films direct from
the net.
However, if he goes to the local mall where there’s a 4-D movie theater, he tries to get there a few
minutes before the film starts, so that he can seat on the best seat at least on the front row. He
generally likes to catch a sci-fi flick or a good horror one; but he can’t stand classical flicks, he always
makes a run over to the snack bar for some good old pop corn and a coke to go with the flick otherwise
he feels an emptiness. He really likes movies with a good plot, great acting, and awesome special
effects.
78
Unit 7
Answer the questions
Do you like to go to the cinema?
How often do you go to the cinema to watch movies?
Do you have cable television?
What kind of movies do you prefer to watch?
Do you like to collect movies?
Do you repeatedly watch them?
Do you know a way to down load movies for free from the net?
If so, explain how?
Do you think the cinemas in your city are a like the ones in the United States yes or no? Why?
Do you find annoying, people that take little children to the cinema yes or no? Why?
79
Practice the following Dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Mr. Williams: Rose Mary what would you like to do for tonight?
Mrs. Williams: I’d like to go to watch a movie.
Mr. Williams: heard “The Vow” is playing at the movie theater.
Mrs. Williams: oh, I’ve heard that’s a good movie. Is romance-comedy right? Do you know at what time
does it start?
Mr. Williams: at 6:30 pm. It’s a very interesting film.
Mrs. Williams: Will you come back after work and pick me up?
Mr. Williams: At what time?
Mrs. Williams: I think we should get there early because the tickets might be sold out by 6:30pm, ok?
Mr. Williams: Yes, that will be fine. I’ll meet you at the house at 5:00 o’clock.
Mrs. Williams: Do you want to eat out before the movie?
Mr. Williams: I´m not sure there will be enough time for that. We can have some popcorn, a coke and
some hot dogs at the theater if you want.
Mrs. Williams: I don’t like the popcorn they have there. I think they are too salty.
Mr. Williams: Ok. Then, I’ll pick you up a little earlier and we can go to the Italian restaurant next to
the theater, is that Ok?
Mrs. Williams: Yes, I think that place is nice.
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Unit 7
V O C A B U L A R Y
The movies
screen cinema science fiction front row popcorn
intermission trailer Oscar box booth genre
comedy drama documentary director actor
storyline review critic scene credits
Complete the sentences with some of the vocabulary from above.
A. The ____________________ is the boss on a film set.
b. The ____________________ describes what happens in a film.
c. A ____________________ is a professional opinion of a film or other art work.
d. A ____________________ is a film about real life and real people.
E. A ____________________ is a short preview of an upcoming film.
Discuss about these questions with your coach in the audio Therapy session.
A. What are some of your favorite films?
b. What was the last film you saw?
c. If you could have dinner with any actor / actress from any time, who would you choose? Why
is that?
81
Fill in the blanks below with the words in the box.
action actors animation blockbusters role
camera character comedy critic documentary
extra genre horror plot projector
scenes sci-fi screen sequel setting
star theater ticket usher
Parts of the Movie:
The place or time a movie takes place is called the _________________. What happens in a movie is
called the _____________. A movie is usually broken up into many _________________. The movie is
filmed with a ________________.
People in Movies:
The people who act in the movie are _________________. A _______________ is a part that an actor
plays. The main actor is sometimes called the ____________________. When a famous person has a
short appearance in a film it is called a ___________________. An ______________ is an unimportant
person who acts in the background. A ________________ is a person who watches movies and writes
reviews about them.
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Unit 7
Movie Genres:
The type of movie is the movie _________________. A movie that makes you laugh is a
___________________. A movie that makes you scream is a ___________________. A movie that is
exciting with lots of guns and explosions is an _________________ movie. Movies about the future or space
are known as __________________ films. And a movie about real life is a _______________________.
An __________________ film has cartoon characters..
Blockbusters:
Movies with big budgets that sell a lot of tickets are called ______________________. Many of these
movies do so well that movie producers make a _______________, or part II.
At the Theater:
The place where you watch a movie is called a _________________. To see a movie, usually, you have
to buy a __________________. The movie is projected onto a large _______________ using a movie
_________________. An __________________ is a person who shows you to your seat and makes sure
everybody is quiet during the movie.
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Making questions with “HOW”: How much, how long, how often, how well
Fill in each blank with the best answer.
1. Q: ______________ have you been waiting? A: Since this morning.
a) How much b) How long
2. Q: ________ does the radio station play that song? A: Every hour.
a) How often b) How well
3. Q: ________ does your grandmother cook? A: She’s the best cook in the world!
a) How much b) How well
4. Q: ________ do you think he knows? A: More than he admits, that’s for sure.
5. Q: ________ did you sleep last night? A: About six hours.
a) How often b) How long c) How much
6. I told her ________ she meant to me.

a) How long b) how much
7. Robert didn’t know ________ he would stay in France.
a) How long b) how often
8. My teacher was surprised at ________ I had done on my exam.
a) How well b) how often
9. ________ money should I bring?
10. ________ do you go to the cinema?
a) How well b) How often
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C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G Unit 7
TV related terms/expressions
1. If a lot of people watch a TV show, chances are that it will remain on the air and won’t be
_______________.
cancelled taken remove
2. Pass me the _______________. I’d like to change the channel.
remote control robot control pilot
3. I can’t pick up any good radio _______________ where I live.
reception show stations
4. Hey, do you remember that name of the actor that _______________ the killer in the movie we saw
last week?
run played acted
5. A _______________ is a repeat broadcast of a show.
run again return rerun
6. A couch _______________ is someone who spends a lot of time on the couch watching TV.
potato person sitter
7. The people who read the news on TV are called news _______________.
anchors people readers
8. A _______________ is a show with a very simple plot (usually about love).
soft opera love opera soap opera
9. A _______________ show is a television or radio program where several people come together to
discuss various topics.
problem grand talk
10. Most people these days order _______________ TV, which gives them access to many more chan-
nels apart from the local ones they would normally get.
cable new personal 85

Fill each space with the correct form of the verbs to make either first or second conditionals.
Only use contractions for negative forms –i.e. don’t/won’t
1. If I get home late tonight, I _______________ (not eat).
2. If Jan could run 100 meters in 10 seconds, he _______________ (be) an athlete.
3. If Simon catches a fish today, we _______________ (eat) it.
4. She _______________ (buy) a Porsche if she won the lottery.
5. If it _______________ (rain) in the Sahara desert, everyone would be very surprised.
6. If it rains tonight, we _______________ (can/go) to the cinema.
7. If your dog spoke, you _______________ (can/sell) it to the circus.
8. If we play football on Saturday, I _______________ (be) tired on Sunday.
9. You _______________ (become) fat if you eat too much.
10. If I _______________ (be) you, I wouldn’t accept that job. It sounds terrible!!
86
Unit 7
Choose the correct word:
1. We sometimes _______________ books. (read/reads)
2. Emily ______________ to the night club. (go/goes)
3. It often ______________ on Sundays. (rain/rains)
4. Pete and his sister ______________ the family car. (wash/washes)
5. I always ______________ to the bus stop. (hurry/hurries)
87
Signal Words Circle the signal words for simple present.
1. Which is a signal word for simple present?

now last monday often
sometimes at the moment yesterday

last Friday every Friday next Friday
4. Which is not a signal word for simple present?
never already usually
5. Which is not a signal word for simple present?
Listen! first... then... Seldom
88
Unit 7
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Simple Present
Subject + Verb (present form)
Quick examples:
•John lives in New York.
•We play football every day.
•The meeting starts at 3 PM.
The Present Simple is the most basic tense in the English language. Generally, though, we use it to
describe the present activities or to talk about routines or habits.
Use
1. Facts, generalizations and universal truths

2. Habits and routines
3. Permanent situations
4. Events that are certain to happen
5. Arrangements that we can’t change (e.g. timetables, official meetings)
6. State verbs (e.g. be, have, suppose, know)
7. Narrations, instructions or commentaries
Habits and Routines
We also use this tense to describe actions that happen frequently. For example: habits, routines,
tendencies.
We leave for work at 7:30 AM every morning. Routine

My husband watches the TV in the evening. Habit, Routine
Susan often meets with her friends after school. Habit, Routine
They usually play football on Sunday. Habit, Routine
Mark rarely visits his sick grandmother. Tendency
Pinocchio usually tells lies. Tendency
89
OUT FOR SOME GRUB
“Today I’m going to take the Family to eat out to “Braziilz Steakhouse”. I thought it would be cool due
to the fact that it’s the weekend and that way Rose Mary wont’ have to cook up anything and I won’t
have to do the dishes. We all like that restaurant specially ‘cause of its extensive variety of dishes, fine
cuts, salads, soups, seafood, desserts and more beside all that. I have to admit that everything on the
menu is finger licking good”.
Once at “Braziilz Steakhouse” they seat at a table, order the menu and start checking it out.
James Williams: “Hey sweetheart what do you have in mind, have you made your decision on what
to order”
Kim Williams: “I’m not so sure daddy, but it seems that I’m between the bacon wrapped chicken and
the sirloin tip roast, I know, I know, I’ll go for the mouth-watering bacon wrapped chicken breast with
a side order of rice and some fried bananas and a large coke”
90
Unit 8
James Williams: “Sure honey, well you’re all set. What about you son, what do you have in mind”.
Eddy Williams: “Frankly dad I feel so famished that I could eat a whole cow, jajaja. But now, seriously
I want a side order of pork ribs, some chicken drumsticks with some flank steak and to gulp down the
chow I want an icy fruit drink, that would be all for me dad”.
James Williams: “Well, well, well, boy you sure are famished and I thought that you were pulling my
leg, (he laughed), what about you babe, what are you gonna order”.
Rose Mary Williams: “O.k. to start I want some broth so I’m gonna order a bowl of shrimp stew, a nice
snap fatty with a side of rice with an ice tea”
James Williams: “O.k. dear and for myself, I’ll order a bowl of feijoada, some parmesan pork shops, an
order of kabobs and a jar of root beer, but first let’s run down to the salad bar to get a hefty helping of
veggies and then we order the food”.
James Williams: “Excuse me, waitress can we order please”.
91
Q U E S T I O N S
Frequently asked questions in a restaurant.
Can I call the restaurant before placing my order?
How do I place an order?
I accidentally placed my order for pick-up instead of delivery. What can I do?
I would like to modify or make changes to my order. What do I do?
I’d like to tip the driver, but I’m paying online. Can I do that?
I want to place a pick-up order, can I?
Do you currently have any promotions running?
I would like to order food for an event, can I order in advance?
I would like to try something new. What cuisine types do you offer?
My previous order was perfect! Is there any way I could get the same one again?
I would like to pay by card. Which cards do you accept?
I love to share my opinion. Can I leave a review?
92
Unit 8
AT T H E R E S TA U R A N T
The waiter: The guest:
Can I help you? A table for two, please.
Can I take your coat? May we seat at this table?
Have you booked a table? What’s on the menu?
How many are you? Can you bring me the ketchup, please?
Would you follow me, please? A salad, please.
Can I take your order, sir/madam? I’ll have the same.
What would you like to start with? What’s Irish stew like?
What would you like to drink? We’re not ready yet.
How would you like your steak (Rare, The steak for me, please.
medium, well done)?
That’s all, thank you.
What kind of dressing?
Can I have the check (bill), please?
The burgers are very good.
This is on me.
Is everything all right?
Did you enjoy your meal?
May I take you to a table?
If you wait, there’ll be a table for you

free in a minute.
Do you want vegetables with it?
It’ll take about 20 minutes.
93
Practice this dialogue with your coach in your Audio Therapy session.
A. Would you like to order anything else?
B. No, I`m good. All we need now is our check.
A. Our waitress has been kind of scarce tonight, hasn’t she?
B. I think that’s our waitress over by the bar. Boy, the service has not been good this evening.
A. She doesn’t appear to be headed this way, so I’ll go get the check.
B. Good. Just bring it back and we`ll total it together.
A. Our total for dinner is $36.00.
B. What do you think would be the right amount to tip?
A. I kind of don`t want to leave any tip for the lousy service we received.
B. I agree that it was bad service, but I heard one of the other waiters mentioning that it
was our server`s first night on the job.
A. I believe that 10% is just about right.
B. I think that a tip of $3.60 will be the right amount to leave.
94
Unit 8
Fill in each blank with the correct word. If both words can be used, choose the one that sounds more
natural in each situation:
1. Are you _______________ (prepared/ready) to order?
2. The soup from the _______________ (day/special) is “Cream of Broccoli.”
3. Our _______________ (specials/deals) are listed on the board.
4. I _______________ (recommend/request) the vegetarian chili.
5. We can _______________ (replace/subtract) the bacon for cheese, if you like. ( = We can
give you cheese instead of bacon)
6. I’ll be right _______________ (back/return) with your drinks.
7. This meal consists on three courses - soup, the _______________ (main/prime) course,
and dessert.
8. The chicken _______________ (comes/arrives) with your choice of rice or potatoes.
9. I’m sorry; we’re completely _______________ (booked/baked) right now.
10. If you would like, you can wait at the bar until a table _______________ (opens/comes)
up.
95
This exercise is focus o speaking with restaurant service staff. It will help you to communicate better
in English. A customer wants some information from you, the waiter/waitress. Choose the most nat-
ural-sounding response:
1. You spilled soup on my lap!

Be careful! The soup I’m so sorry! I’ll get a I’ll get you the bill.
is hot. towel.
2. How big are the portions?

Enough. Each meal comes with Generally, our
either soup or salad. portions are very big.
3. Is this dish very spicy? I can only eat mild food.
Yes, it’s very good. Would It’s spicy, but we can make a Yes, we can make it
you like to order it? mild version for you if you like. very spicy.
4. Excuse me, we ordered a while ago and our food hasn’t arrived yet.
It’s coming right out. Sorry Sorry for the delay. Would you Would you like to see
for the delay. like to order? the menu?
5. Here’s my card. You accept Visa, right?
I’m sorry, our machine is bro- We accept cash and credit Would you like to pay by cred-
ken. You’ll have to pay cash. cards. it card?
6. Three breakfast specials, please.
What kind of egg-scrambling What style of egg preparation How would you like your
do you prefer? would you like? eggs?
7. Is this entree big enough to share?
Yes. It’s big enough for two Yes, would you like two? Would you like an extra plate?
people.
8. Can we get a table that’s not next to the kitchen?
How about that one by the How about that one by the Is there something wrong
window? kitchen? with your meal
9. Do you deliver?
We’re open between 11:00 Yes, between 11:00 AM and Would you like to see our
AM and 5:00 PM. 5:00 PM. take-out menu?
96
Unit 58
This exercise is for anyone working in catering. If you run a catering business, these exercises will
help you to improve your English in order to get new clients. If you’re a server, cook, etc., they’ll help
you do your job better by improving communication. Fill in each blank with the best response from
the vocabulary below.
surcharge birthday spill customize quote
uniform head appetizers pour venue
1. The location of an event is also called a ___________________.
2. You can ____________________ any of our packages by adding (or taking away) food
items.
3. I’ll have a ___________________ (estimate) for you by tomorrow.
4. All staff member have to wear a ___________________.
5. We’re looking for someone to cater our son’s ___________________ party.
6. We will provide 8 items at $12.00 per ___________________. (per person)
7. For bookings of 10 people or less, a $30.00 may apply ___________________. (you

might have to pay $30.00 more)
8. Canapés are small bite-size ____________________.
9. Be careful not to __________________ soup on the guests!
10. When you ___________________ the wine, do it from the right side.
97
Write the correct word from the vocabulary below to describe each picture:
apron bowl kitchen

sandwich check/bill pepper
meat
coaster jacket
restroom
veggies cocktails
box cake
waiter
swiper coffee fries
plate
a piece of a cup of
credit card chef’s salt and a take out
98
Unit 58
English used by bar staff members
This exercise will help you learn and practice essential English vocabulary/phrases used by waiting
staff (waiters/waitresses), bartenders, and others working in a bar, nightclub. Underline the best
response for each question.
1. What are your drink specials today?

-We’ve got Mojitos for $5 bucks.
-I can make all kinds of special drinks.
-Yup, we’ve got have drink specials.
2. Can we get the bill?

-Would you like to pay?
-Can I put you all on one bill, or would you like separate bills?
-I’m sorry, but we only accept cash.
99
3. Why didn’t the doorman let me in?
-The doorman is in charge of selecting who can come into the club and who can’t.
-What happened to the doorman?
-We have a very strict dress code. No tennis shoes allowed.
4. Is there a cover?
-Yes, it’s $10 bucks per person.
-There’s a covered patio in the back.
-You have to pay to get into the club.
5. Are there any other bars around here that still serve food at this hour?
-We serve food until 11:00 PM. Right now our kitchen is closed.
-Yes, there are many other bars in this neighborhood.
-Yes, there’s one just down the street.
6. Do you serve pitchers of beer?

-You’d have to check the snack menu.
-No, we only sell beer by the glass/mug.
-Yes, there’s another bar across the street.
7. Does the bartender make good drinks?

-Yes, she does. She’s one of the best bartenders in the city.
-No, you have to place your drink order with me.
-Thank you. I’ll let her know you like them.
8. You’re a *$!* idiot! I’m not drunk, give me another *$!* drink!
-Go now!
-Ma’am you have to leave, or I’ll call the police.
-Outside!
9. Why is the bar closing so early?

-We’re closing.
-We usually close early on Sundays.
-Thanks - Here is your bill.
10. Is that guy a regular?

-Yes, he’s an average guy.
-He always drinks beer.
-Yes, he comes in every Thursday.
100
Unit 8
SOME / ANY
some In positive statements. I gave him some money. We bought some food.
any In negative statements. She didn’t have any money. I couldn’t find any books.
Something, anything, someone, anyone“
Negative statements:
“She didn’t go anywhere last night.”

Positive statements:
“He doesn’t know anybody here.”
“I don’t know anything about it.” (= neutral,
“Someone is sleeping on my bed.” no emphasis)
“I know nothing about it.” (= more emphatic,
“He saw something in the garden.” maybe defensive)
“I left my glasses somewhere in the house.” “Is there anybody who speaks English here?”
“There is nobody in the house at the mo-
ment.”
“Does anybody have the time?”
“When I arrived there was nobody to meet
me.”
ENOUGH
Enough is placed before the noun, to indicate the quantity required or necessary:
“There is enough bread for lunch.”
“She has enough money.”
Enough is also used with adjectives and adverbs:

“We didn’t have enough time to visit London Bridge.”
“Is there enough milk for breakfast?”
“She has enough talent to become an international singing star.”
101
In the following sentences, fill in the blanks with one of the following determiners:
Some/Any
1. Ann has _______________ candy. 6. There aren’t _______________

boys in my family.
2. Bill doesn’t have _______________ 7. Bill won’t give me

money. _______________ help.
3. Sue will give us _______________ 8. Ann shouldn’t smoke

information. _______________ cigarettes.
4. There is _______________ milk in 9. Sue must do _______________

the fridge. homework tonight.
5. There isn’t _______________ beer. 10. My brother can’t speak

_______________ Chinese.
In the following sentences, fill in the gaps with one of the following determiners:
Something/anything - somebody/anybody - somewhere/anywhere
1. She said _______________ but I 6. Is there ______________ in the

didn’t understand anything. house? No, it’s deserted.
2. Has _______________ found my 7. Do you know _______________ about

blue pencil? No, I’m sorry. London transport? No, I don’t.
3. Would ______________ help me, 8. What’s wrong? “There’s

please? Yes, I can help you. _______________ in my eye.”
4. Have you got ______________ to 9. Would you like _______________

eat? No, I haven’t. to drink? Yes, please.
5. Tom, can you give me 10. _______________ has broken the

______________ to drink, please? window. I don’t know who.
102
Unit 8
VOCABULARY
à la carte: without a side dish. breaded: rolled and cooked in bread crumbs.
all you can eat: customers pay one fee and can eat burnt: overcooked to the point of turning black.
as much as they wish.
appetizer: small snack before a meal. buspan: rubber tub used for collecting dirty dishes.
appetizing: looks pleasing to eat. busboy: a person who helps out in especially
clearing and setting tables a restaurant .
awful: very bad taste. cash out: counting and submitting the payment of
all of the customers bills at the end of one’s shift.
barbeque: southern style of cooking over a grill. charge: to add up a fee.
barstool: tall seats that customers use at the bar. check on: make sure the guests are satisfied.
beverage: drink. clear: remove finished or unused items from a table.
boil: style of cooking that involves placing food in complaint: a problem with service or food.
a deep pot of extremely hot water.
day off: mark a day that you cannot work. coffee maker: machine that dispenses coffee into
a glass container for pouring.
booster seat: a plastic unit that fits on top of a another round: an offer of refills around a section
chair to help small children reach the table. of a restaurant.
booth: type of seating in which people sit side by condiments: types of sauces that are added for
side on a cushioned area. flavoring (i.e. mustard).
booze: alcohol. cook: prepare and heat food until it is ready to serve.
bottle opener: a device used for opening beer corkscrew: tool for removing the cork from the
bottles that don’t twist off. top of a wine bottle.
bread basket: slices of bread and butter served counter: flat area often used for placing dishes on
before and with a meal. or preparing food.
103
VOCABULARY
coupon: a slip of paper that offers the customers a draft: beer from a keg that pours out of a tap.
discounted rate.
complimentary: free of charge. dressing: liquid topping for salads.
debit: use bank card to pay directly from bank account. entrée, main course: the largest part of a meal.
customer, guest: person who goes to an dry: no sauce.

establishment to be served.
cutlery, silverware, utensils: tools for eating with fast-food: an eatery that offers quick inexpensive
(i.e. fork, knife, spoon). food.
cut off: stop serving a customer any more alcohol. fine dining: a very expensive eating establishment.
deep fried: cooked in a large pot of oil. garnish: food that is added to a plate for appearance
or color (i.e. parsley or fruit).
defrost: remove frozen food from the freezer to tip: extra money given as a thank you for service.
prepare.
designated driver: person in a party who agrees not to greet: say hello and welcome customers to the
consume alcohol in order to drive everyone home safely. establishment.
dessert: sweet treat after a meal. grill: cooking over iron slats that allow for oil and
fat to drop down.
dessert tray: a plate of all of the desserts that hairnet: a covering worn on the head while
customers can view and order from. preparing food.
dirty dishes: plates that customers are finished with. highchair: a tall chair with a plastic tray designed
for a baby.
discount: at a cheaper cost. hold: leave off/without.
dishwasher: staff member/machine that washes the

homemade: made from a recipe.
dirty dishes.
doggie bag: unfinished food that is packed up for kettle: pot for boiling water for tea.
the customer to take home.
104
Unit 8
VOCABULARY
lemon, lime wedge: a small segment of lemon or seasoning: dry flavoring added to food.
lime put on the rim of a glass.
lineup: a number of people waiting for something. senior’s discount: a reduced price for people over
a certain age (i.e. over 65).
set: get a table ready with items such as cutlery and

melt: warm to soften (i.e. cheese/butter).
glassware.
mild: not spicy. shade: place outside that is not in the sun.
over charge: give a customer a bill that is too high sour: acid or fermented taste.
(by mistake).
party: group of people at or waiting for a table. spicy: hot flavor.
seasoning: dry flavoring added to food.

patio: outdoor seating.
paycheck: money given to the staff every week or two. stir, mix: spin round and round with a spoon.
pitcher, jug: a container with a spout to pour

water, beer, or other beverages out of. straw: long hollow plastic stick for drinking out of.
portion: a separate amount of food. straight up: alcoholic drink without any mix or ice.
pour: dispense liquid from a container. substitute: replace one item for another.
sweet: taste with a lot of sugar, If you like sweet

pub: establishment that specializes in casual food things.
and alcoholic beverages.
sweet tooth: expression used for a person that
punch clock and punch card: a machine that staff loves sweet things.
members place a card into when they begin and finish
a work shift. take-out: food that is packed up and eaten at
home.
punch in, out: a card in the punch clock to mark the toppings: food items that go on top of other food
time you start and end a shift. items to add flavor.
waiting list: list of groups who want a table to eat at.

rush: a large amount of customers arriving at the
same time. warm up: heat food to an enjoyable temperature
for eating. 105
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Quantifiers – Some or Any, Something or Anything
Some/any
some In positive statements. I gave him some money. We bought some food.
any In negative statements. She didn’t have any money. I couldn’t find any books.
Some is used in positive statement.
It is also used in questions where we are sure about the answer.

“Did he give you some tea?” (= I’m sure he did.)
“Is there some fruit juice in the fridge?” (= I think there is)
Some is used where the question is not a request for information, but a way of making a request,
encouraging or giving an invitation.
“Could I have some books, please?”

“Why don’t you take some books home with you?”
“Would you like some books?”
Any is used in questions and with not in negative statements.
“Have you got any tea?”

“He didn’t give me any tea.”
“I don’t think we’ve got any tea left.”
ANY can also be used in positive statements to mean ‘no matter which’, ‘no matter who’, ‘no matter what’:
“You can borrow any of my books.”(no matter which)
“They can choose anything from the menu.”(no matter what)
“You may invite anybody to dinner, I don’t mind who comes.”(no matter who)
106
Something, anything, someone, anyone Unit 8
Compound nouns with some- and any- are used in the same way as some and any
Positive statements:
“Someone is sleeping in my bed.”
“He saw something in the garden.”
“I left my glasses somewhere in the house.”
Questions:
“Are you looking for someone?” (= I’m sure you are)
“Have you lost something?” (= I’m sure you have)
“Is there anything to eat?” (a real question)
“Did you go anywhere last night?”
Negative statements:
“She didn’t go anywhere last night.”
“He doesn’t know anybody here.”
There is a difference in emphasis between nothing, nobody etc. and not … anything, not … anybody:
“I don’t know anything about it.” (= neutral, no emphasis)

“I know nothing about it.” (= more emphatic, maybe defensive)
“Is there anybody who speaks English here?”
“There is nobody in the house at the moment.”
“Does anybody have the time?”
“When I arrived there was nobody to meet me.”
Enough
Enough is placed before the noun, to indicate the quantity required or necessary:
“There is enough bread for lunch.”
“She has enough money.”
Enough is also used with adjectives and adverbs:
“We didn’t have enough time to visit London Bridge.”

“Is there enough milk for breakfast?”
“She has enough talent to become an international singing star.”
107
INTELLIGENCE READING II
Intelligence Reading = Use an english-english dictionary to look up words that you don’t understand
and check with your coach in the Audio Therapy Session.
“The need to protect the earth”
Every year, Earth Day April 22 marks the anniversary of what many consider the birth of the modern
environmental movement in 1970.
At the time, Americans were slurping leaded gas through massive V8 sedans. Industry belched out
smoke and sludge with little fear of legal consequences or bad press. Air pollution was commonly
accepted as the smell of prosperity. “Environment” was a word that appeared more often in spelling
bees than on the evening news. Although mainstream America remained oblivious to environmental
concerns, the stage had been set for change by the publication of Rachel Carson’s New York Times
bestseller Silent Spring in 1962. The book represented a watershed moment for the modern
environmental movement, selling more than 500,000 copies in 24 countries and, up until that moment,
more than any other person; Mrs. Carson raised public awareness and concern for living organisms,
the environment and public health.
The idea came to Earth Day founder Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing
the ravages of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. Inspired by the student anti-war
movement, he realized that if he could infuse that energy with an emerging public consciousness
about air and water pollution, it would force environmental protection onto the national political
agenda.
As a result, on the 22nd of April, 20 million Americans took the streets, parks, and auditoriums to
demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable environment in massive coast-to-coast rallies. Thousands of
colleges and universities organized protests against the deterioration of the environment. Groups that
had been fighting against oil spills, polluting factories and power plants, raw sewage, toxic dumps,
pesticides, freeways, the loss of wilderness, and the extinction of wildlife suddenly realized they
shared common values.
Earth Day 1970 achieved a rare political alignment, enlisting support from Republicans and Democrats,
rich and poor, city slickers and farmers, tycoons and labor leaders. The first Earth Day led to the creation
of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water,
and Endangered Species Acts. “It was a gamble,” Gaylord recalled, “but it worked.”
As 1990 approached, a group of environmental leaders asked Denis Hayes to organize another big
campaign. This time, Earth Day went global, mobilizing 200 million people in 141 countries and lifting
environmental issues onto the world stage. Earth Day 1990 gave a huge boost to recycling efforts
worldwide and helped pave the way for the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. It also
prompted President Bill Clinton to award Senator Nelson the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1995) the
highest honor given to civilians in the United States for his role as Earth Day founder.
As the millennium approached, Hayes agreed to spearhead another campaign, this time focused on
global warming and a push for clean energy. With 5,000 environmental groups in a record 184 countries
reaching out to hundreds of millions of people, Earth Day 2000 combined the big-picture feistiness of
the first Earth Day with the international grassroots activism of Earth Day 1990. It used the Internet to
organize activists, but also featured a talking drum chain that traveled from village to village in Gabon,
Africa, and hundreds of thousands of people gathered on the National Mall in Washington, DC. Earth Day
2000 sent world leaders the loud and clear message that citizens around the world wanted quick and
decisive action on clean energy.
Much like 1970, Earth Day 2010 came at a time of great challenge for the environmental community.
Climate change deniers, well-funded oil lobbyists, reticent politicians, a disinterested public, and a divided
environmental community all contributed to a strong narrative that overshadowed the cause of progress
and change. In spite of the challenge, for its 40th anniversary, Earth Day Network reestablished Earth Day
as a powerful focal point around which people could demonstrate their commitment. Earth Day Network
brought 225,000 people to the National Mall for a Climate Rally, amassed 40 million environmental
service actions toward its 2012 goal of A Billion Acts of Green®, launched an international, 1-million
tree planting initiative with Avatar director James Cameron and tripled its online base to over 900,000
community members.
The fight for a clean environment continues in a climate of increasing urgency, as the ravages of climate
change become more evident every day. We invite you to be a part of Earth Day and help write many
more victories and successes into our history. Discover energy you didn’t even know you had. Feel it
rumble through the grassroots under your feet and the technology at your fingertips. Channel it into
building a clean, healthy, diverse world for generations to come.
A little bit about me
“Hey fellas, remember me I’m Eddy and Kim’s grandpa, Mr. Ronald Williams. Well, well hope you
didn’t forget about me. I’m here to let you know a bit about myself. I used to be a computer’s system
engineer. I studied at Carleton College over at Northfield Minnesota. I remember my folks helped
me get through college, through college grants at the beginning later on I was given a scholarship for
being an outstanding student. I remember that as a residential college about a very high percent of its
students lived in the houses and halls (dorms), we spent more time in the halls than anywhere in the
university.
Our meals were provided by the university, we had some different options
For example East Dining Hall, Burton Dining Hall, or the Sayles Hill Cafe.
To vary, we sometimes took a short walk or bike ride into town to sample Northfield’s dining options.
One could find everything from Indian, Mexican, and Chinese, hot dogs, pizza, and plenty of midwestern
comfort food.
110
Unit 9
I played a little bit of basketball, some friends and I liked to gather around to shoot some hops, but you
could find a diverse variety of sports, swimming, diving, cross country, track and field, football, baseball,
golf, the whole works. Carleton may be better known for brains than brawn, but both get a workout here.
It was a whole show to see the Quiz Bowl team go at it with their opponents, they sure made them work
up a sweat. Oh boy those were some fun moments.
But if what you wanted was to get in touch with your inner-self with the body, mind and spirit connection
you could do some outdoor yoga or meditation to whip your rhomboids, deltoids and erector spinae into
shape.
For indoor activities we had the opportunity to go into the video-drome for a cinema and media class or
just listen to some good old music, attend an art and history or a theater and dance class.
One thing I’m most proud about was when some mates and I came up with the idea of a greener college
and we were committed on being good citizens for a more sustainable school.
But the campus wasn’t all there, although Northfield wasn’t “The Big Apple” one could find a surprising
amount of life in that quaint college town, for example concerts, plays, art exhibits, sports matches,
lectures, and on. But if what one wanted was a little more of an urban twist and the bustle of a large
metropolitan area, we could always head on to Minneapolis, which was just over a half hour north of
town.
Well guys now you know a little bit more about me, I have to be honest with you all and let you know
that I really had a blast chatting with you, thanks for listening Cheerio!!
111
THE CITY AND THE COUNTRY
Practice this dialogue with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
DAVID: How do you like living in the big city?

MariA: There are many things that are better than living in the country!
DAVID: Can you give me some examples?

MariA: Well, it certainly is more interesting than the country. There is so much more to do and see!
DAVID: Yes, but the city is more dangerous than the country.
MariA: That’s true. People in the city aren’t as open and friendly as those in the countryside.
DAVID: I’m sure that the country is more relaxed, too!

MariA: Yes, the city is busier than the country. However, the country’s pace is much slower than
the city.
DAVID: I think that’s a good thing!

MariA: Oh, I don’t. The country is so slow and boring! It’s much more boring than the city.
DAVID: How about the living cost? Is the country cheaper than the city?
MariA: Oh, yes. The city is more expensive than the country.
DAVID: Life in the country is also much healthier than in the city.
MariA: Yes, it’s cleaner and less dangerous. But, the city is so much more exciting. It’s faster,
crazier and more fun than the country.
DAVID: I think YOU are crazy for moving to the city.

MariA: Well, I’m young now. Maybe when I’m married and have children I’ll move back to the
country.
112
Unit 9
Just another Day: Place the hands of the clock on the correct time in which you normally do the
activity then describe a normal day using the clocks and the activities below each one.
I wake up at I browse the Internet at
I have breakfast at I check my email at
I go to the gym at
I arrive to class at
I arrive to work at I practice a sport at
I have lunch at I cook dinner at
I finish work at I have dinner at
113
Put one of these words into each blank
After Immediately Afterwards Before As soon as
Finally Now UNTIL
1. _______________ going to sleep, I like to read for half an hour.
2. Call me _______________ you get to the hotel, OK?
3. First we went to watch a film at the cinema. _______________, we went to have a drink
together.
4. I didn’t look at the answers _______________ finishing the test. I didn’t cheat!
5. If you see this book on sale for less than ten dollars, buy it _______________! It usually
costs nearly twenty.
6. _______________ following Mrs. Jones for almost an hour, I saw her enter the restau-
rant so I came back to the office calling you, Mr. Jones.
7. We looked in four stores before_______________ finding it in one very near our house!
8. I don’t want it in ten minutes. I need it _______________!
114
Unit 9
A little bit about you:
Do you have more male friends or female friends?
Do you rely on your friends? If you do, how do you rely on them?
Do your friends rely on you? If you do, how do they rely on you?
Have you ever had a friend who you later hated? If you have, what happened?
Who is your best friend? Please describe him/her. How long have you know him/her?
How did you meet your best friend?
What do you usually do together?
The people you usually hang out with is often called a “circle of friends.” Please describe your circle of friends.
What do you usually do with them?
How has your circle of friends changed over the years? Please explain.
115
How easy is for you to make new friends? Why/why not?
What is the difference between a friend and an acquaintance? Please explain.
What terrible thing would a friend have to do for you to end the friendship?
Would you give any of your close friends $10,000 if they really needed it? Why/not?
What do you think the following idiom means? Birds of a feather flock together:
C R I T I C A L T H I N K
Put the verbs into simple past:
Last year I (go) __________ to England on holiday. It (be)__________ fantastic.
I (visit) __________ lots of interesting places. I (be) __________ with two friends of mine .
In the mornings we (walk) __________ on the streets of London. In the evenings we (go)
__________ to pubs. The weather (be) __________ strangely fine. It (not / rain)
__________ a lot. But we (see) __________ some beautiful rainbows. Where (spend /
you) __________ your last holiday?
116
Unit 9
Write the past forms from the irregular verbs.
Infinitive Simple Past Infinitive Simple Past
meet SIng
DRIVE DO
SPEAK SIT
PUT STAND
write RUn
Complete the table in simple past.
Affirmative Negative Interrogative

He wrote a book.
He sings
She’s pretty
Put the sentences into simple past. Write sentences in simple past.
We move to a new house.

_____________________________.
the bus /Janet / miss __________________________________.
They bring a sandwich.
______________________________.
tidy /she / her room __________________________________.
He doesn’t do homework.
______________________________
watch / not / television/Nancy __________________________.
They sell cars.
______________________________.
Does he visit his friends? she / a book/read ____________________________________.
_____________________________.
But one student ________ in trouble.

Choose “Was“or “Were“:
The teacher ________ nice. We ________ sorry for him.
The students ________ very clever. He ________ nice though.

117
Each of the following sentences contains a phrasal verb. Choose a suitable adverb to fill each gap
and complete the phrasal verb.
Come on, cheer __________ a little - don’t be so miserable! Life’s fun. (improve your mood)
You can’t rely on him. He’s let me __________ so many times. (disappoint)
In my opinion, money really brings __________ the worst in people - greed, (make noticeable)
jealousy and envy.
I’ll drop the books __________ at your place tomorrow. (bring)
He pointed __________ a few things to us that we hadn’t noticed. (bring attention to)
I’m clever, sharp and creative. I’m always coming __________ with new (create, produce by thought)
innovative ideas.
We asked him to resign because he simply didn’t fit __________ with our (suit, be similar to)
team.
I’ve given Martin Smithson the task of sorting __________ the problems (solve)
with that new customer; he has the most experience with that type of thing.
You’d better call a plumber. The heating system has broken __________ (stop working)
again.
Give me a few more minutes, please; I need a while to look __________ (examine quickly)
these reports I’ve just received from head office.
118
Unit 9
CRITICAL THINKING
Choose and underline the correct option.
1. Joan 6. After work she

A) Has a smoke while she
A) Gets up early.
drives home.
B) Get up early. B) Eats a carrot stick while
she drives home.
C) Get up late.
C) Drinks a beer.
2. In the morning she 7. At home she normally

A) Has dinner with her
A) Takes a shower. roomies.
B) Just washes her face. B) Eats alone.
C) Takes a bath. C) Orders out.
3. she 8. After dinner she

A) Get ready before breakfast. A) Gets some reading done.
B) Get ready after breakfast. B) Goes for a walk.
C) Gets ready before break- C) Takes a nap.

fast.
4. after that she 9. To wrap it up she

A) Has a cup of coffee and A) Browses the net.
milk.
B) Has only a glass of milk. B) Glances at the T.V.
C) Eats a bowl of cereal. C) Scrubs the pottery.
10. Before midnight she

5. she
A) Starts to work at 8:00am. A) Dozes off.
B) Starts to work after B) Drinks a glass of milk.

10:00am
C) Hates to work. C) Listens to music.
119
M Y D AY
“I usually wake up at 6am, and then I go to the bathroom and take a shower.
After that I go to college at 7am, I go to classes, hang out with friends, after school I go back home at
12pm.
When I get there I eat lunch, and I usually do my homework, sometimes I take a nap, then comes
dinner at 7:30pm.
After dinner I usually watch TV, or check a magazine or something, finally at around 11pm, I go to bed”.
W H AT A B O U T Y O U . . .
Fill the gap in each sentence with despite, in spite of, although or even though. (First check the
grammar at the end of the unit)
1. ____________________ we are a small company, we sell almost a hundred machines a

month.
2. ____________________ all the difficulties, the project started on time and was a success.
3. ____________________ we were warned against doing so, we went ahead with the project.
4. ____________________ his lack of experience, he became a successful businessman.
5. ____________________ being by far the oldest player, he scored three goals.
6. ____________________ he’s a millionaire, he drives a second-hand car.
7. ____________________ it rained a lot, I enjoyed the holiday.
8. ____________________ working for the company for six months now, he never seems
to know what to do.
120
Unit 9
GRAMMAR REVIEW
Although, even though vs. despite
Here are some examples showing us that although / even though and despite / in spite of are similar in
meaning, but are used with different structures.
Although, even though, though (+ clause)
Even though he’s a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat.

He lives in a very small flat, even though he’s a millionaire.
Although / even though / though he’s much older than the others, he won the race.
He won the race, although / even though / though he’s much older than the others.
Even though / although / though it rained a lot, I enjoyed the holiday.
Even though / although / though they have a lot of money, they’re still not happy.
Despite, in spite of (+ verb + -ing)
Despite / in spite of being a millionaire, he lives in a very small flat.

He lives in a very small flat, despite / in spite of being a millionaire.
Despite / in spite of being much older than the others, he won the race.
He won the race, despite / in spite of being much older than the others.
Despite, in spite of (+ noun)
Despite / in spite of the rain, I enjoyed the holiday.

Despite / in spite of their money, they’re still not happy.
Despite, in spite of:
Despite and in spite of have the same meaning and are prepositions.
We use despite / in spite of to express that something is unexpected or surprising.
Despite something (noun):
i.e.= Despite the heavy traffic, we got there on time.
despite + verb + -ing

Despite being much older than the others, he won the race.
despite the fact that
Despite and in spite of can be followed by a noun or verb. They can also be followed by ‘the fact that’ (less
formal).
121
Despite something (noun):
i.e.=In spite of / despite the heavy traffic, we got there on time.
despite + verb + -ing

In spite of / despite the traffic being heavy, we got there on time.
despite the fact that
In spite of something (noun):
i.e.=In spite of / despite the fact that he is much older than the others, he won the race.
in spite of + verb + -ing
In spite of / despite being much older than the others, he won in spite of the fact that the race.
Note: “Despite is used more often than in spite of in formal written English”.
The simple past tense its form and its use.
The verbs “was, lived, started, wrote, died” are in the simple past tense.
Notice that:
•lived, started, died are regular past forms.

•was, wrote are irregular past forms.
Regular verbs: Irregular verbs:
The verbs “lived, started, died” are regular The verbs “was, wrote” are irregular past
past forms. The rule is the following: forms. “Was” is the simple past of “to be”;
Verb + ed “wrote” is the simple past of “write”.
Note: “There is no rule for learning the “As you can see we can’t predict the simple
verbs. You should learn them by heart”. past forms of these verbs. They are irregular.
You should learn them by heart.”
122
Unit 9
The simple past of “to be”:was/were
The Affirmative form of the simple past:
I
you
he ______________ _________________
she played, wrote, did. Subject pronoun + Verb in Simple Past
it
we
they
The interrogative form of the simple past:
I
You
He _______ ______________ ________________
Did She Play? Write? Auxiliary + Subject Pronoun + Verb Simple Form
It
We
they
The negative form of the simple past:
I
you
he ______ ____________ ________________
she did not/ didn’t play, write Subject + Auxiliary “not” + Verb Simple Form
it
we
they
123
a weekend in the countryside
Today the Williams are arranging a visit with some longtime friends, to their countryside get away
cottage for a change of routine so that they can get away from the hustle and bustle of city life. It’s not
the first time they visit the Clarks’ cottage, Kim and Eddy yearn to visit any time they get a chance on
going there, indeed. The Clarks’ cottage is just plain dazzling, the scenery is splendid, there’s a reservoir
near there, it’s full of tall trees, there are many flowers of different colors everywhere you look, and
there are some swell trail paths in which one can go hiking, especially on a sunny and graceful day.
In the reservoir there are many outdoor activities that can be done, from kayaking, canoeing, sailing, on
a well given day and if the elements are on your behalf, you can do some windsurfing, but something
the Williams’ flip over for, is checking out the nightfall on the Clarks’ sailboat.
Nearby there’s a cliff edge where a group of young adults

practice different kinds of extreme adventures (all
under safety regulations of course). Edward normally
likes to hang around every now and then ‘cause he
deems that what they do is so stunning, he has even
tried some of them such as climbing & scrambling,
absailing, ghyll scrambling, ziplining, bushcrafting to
even some mountain biking. Who knows, perhaps he
might grow into extreme sports as he gets older but
for now he just gets a kick out of it. Lets hope their get
124 away weekend come out as they have planned it out.

Unit 10
S O M E W E E K R E L AT E D V O C A B U L A RY
fortnight (noun): a period of two weeks.
fortnightly (adjective, adverb): happening every two weeks.
long weekend(noun): a weekend when you have one or two extra days free in addition to the usual Satur-
day and Sunday.
midweek(adjective, adverb): in, or happening in, the middle of the week, usually from Tuesday to
Thursday.
pw (abbreviation): per week.
week(noun): any period of seven days.
weekday(noun): a day of the week that is not Saturday or Sunday.
weekend(noun): Saturday and Sunday.
weeklong (adjective): lasting for a week.
Weekly (adjective & adverb): relating to a period of one week and when it happens weekly, it happens
every week.
weeknight (noun): the evening or night of any day except Saturday or Sunday.
wk(abbreviation): week.
working day(noun): a day of the week when people have to work.
working week(noun): the number of hours or days that you work each week.
workweek(noun): a working week.
of a weekend/Sunday etc., used for saying that you often do something at weekends/on Sundays etc.
125
Match the names of the extreme sports below with their correct picture.
freestyle climbing bushcrafting motocross

abseiling mountain biking free running
ghyll scrambling wingsuit flying kitesurfing
ziplining white water rafting whitewater canoeing
126
Unit 10
Look at the picture. What can you see in the picture? Discuss it with your coach in the Audio
Therapy session.
Which of the following adjectives would you use to describe the picture? Why?
bleak boring rural

serene dull unpolluted
peaceful remote unspoilt
scenic breathtaking remarkable
127
Answer the following questions with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Are these words positive, negative or neutral? Why?
Do you like being in the countryside? Why or Why not?
What do you like about the countryside?
Where, in your opinion, is the most beautiful rural area in your region?
How important is it for us to preserve the countryside and what are the factors which threaten its preservation?
128
Something for you to Know Unit 10
CITY DWELLERS SUFFER MOST

STRESS
People living in the countryside are less likely to suffer stress and anxiety than city dwellers because their
brains are wired differently, a study has found.
Previous studies have noted that those born and bred in cities were more likely to suffer anxiety or mood
disorders than their rural counterparts.
The biological reasons were unknown, but new research, reported in Nature, shows different parts of the
brain are used depending on where you live.
City residents place more stress on the amygdala, which is involved with emotional regulation and mood,
whereas country dwellers show more activity in the cingulate cortex - associated with regulating stress.
Dr. Jens Pruessner, from the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, said: “Previous findings have
shown that the risk for anxiety disorders is 21 per cent higher for people from the city, who also have a
39 per cent increase for mood disorders.
In addition, the incidence for schizophrenia is almost doubled for individuals who are born and brought
up in cities.
“These values are a cause for concern and determining the biology behind this is the first step to remedy
the trend.”
He and his colleagues studied a series of brain scans from healthy volunteers from rural and urban areas
to reach their conclusion.
129
Dr Pruessner said: “These findings suggest that different brain regions are sensitive to the experience
of city living during different times across the lifespan”.
Future studies need to clarify the link between psychopathology and these affects in individuals with
mental disorders.
These findings contribute to our understanding of urban environmental risk for mental disorders and
health in general.
They further point to a new approach to interface social sciences, neurosciences and public policy to
respond to the major health challenge of urbanization.
130
Unit 10
Choose the correct answer with the correct phrasal verb.
1. The heating _______________ last night and we couldn’t fix it.
Went off Turned off
2. He _______________ his last chance of being promoted.
Gave away Took away
3. I’m _______________ with your complaints.
Filled up Fed up
4. Don’t _______________ his campaign promises.
Fall for Feel for
5. It took the firefighters many hours to _______________ the fire.
Die out Put out
6. I can’t hear you. _______________ the radio.
Put down Turn down
7. The meeting had to be _______________ until next week.
Put off Set off
8. She couldn’t _______________ all the candles on the cake with one breath.
Blow out Throw out
9. I _______________ the letter before throwing it in the trash.
Zipped up Tore up
10. Are you _______________ a place to stay in San Francisco?
Looking for Watching for

131
Use the vocabulary words below that best fit in the explanation given to you in each sentence.
boulevard zebra crossing gutter
parking zone freeway shoulder sidewalk
1. The channel at the edge of a street or road that drains off the rainwater.
2. The place on a roadway reserved for parking the car in emergencies.
3. The marked place where pedestrians should cross the street.
4. The place on the street reserved for pedestrians to walk.
5. A high-speed highway with several lanes.
6. A street or avenue, usually wide and with trees on both sides.
7. The place (area) where you can park the car.
132
Unit 10
Troublesome Words: Choose the best vocabulary word to complete the sentences.
1. Don’t be too severe on that student; he’s very _______ _______ .
sensible sensitive
2. I think I _______________ my car keys in the office.
forgot left
3. He knows it’s not _______________ to spit on the floor.
polite educated
4. She receives an average weekly __________ of US$100.
wage salary
5. It’s advisable to ask someone who is _______________ to judge the matter.
disinterested uninterested
6. The _______________ in our school is to punish students caught cheating on exams.
policy politics
7. Can you _______________ me 5 bucks until tomorrow?
borrow lend
8. He’s been participating in competitions _______________ a professional for a year.
as like
133
Re-write the sentence positioning the adverbs of frequency in the correct place in the sentence.
i.e.: My teacher gives the instructions. (always)

My teacher always gives the instructions
1. He listens to the radio. (often) ______________________________.
2. They read a book. (sometimes) ______________________________.
3. Pete gets angry. (never) ______________________________.
4. Tom is very friendly. (usually) _____________________________.
5. I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes) ______________________________
6. Ramon and Frank are hungry. (often) _______________________________.
7. My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (always) _______________________________.
8. Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (usually) _____________________________.
134
Unit 10
Put the following adverbs of frequency in the correct order from the most often to the least often
(1-6).
often always seldom/rarely
usually never sometimes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
135
Adjective or Adverb
Note: An adverb is a word that modifies verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
Write down the correct form of the word in brackets (adjective or adverb).
1. Tom is (slow) _______________. He works _______________.
2. Sue is a (careful) ______________ girl. She climbed up the ladder ______________.
3. The dog is (angry) ______________. It barks _______________.
4. He acted (excellent) ______________. He’s an ______________ actor.
5. They learn English (easy) ______________. They think English is an _______________ language.
6. Max is a (good) _______________ singer. He sings ______________.
7. It’s (awful) _______________ cold today. The cold wind is _______________.
8. Dogs rely on their noses as they can smell (extreme / good) _______________. If that is true, why
does dog food smell so (terrible/ nice) _______________?
136
Unit 10
N I A G A R A F A L L S
Niagara Falls is a group of waterfalls on the border between the United States and Canada. The Falls
are a favorite tourist attraction. The Niagara River drops here and although the Falls are not deep, they
are very wide and the amount of water is enormous. So it is very noisy near the Falls. That’s why the
Iroquois tribe, who used to live here, called the falls Niagara (meaning “thunder of waters”).
Grammar Exercise on the Text
Adjective or Adverb
An adjective describes a noun.
An adverb describes a verb, adjective or another adverb.
137
Exercise
Choose the correct form (adjective or adverb).
Niagara Falls form a _________________ border between the United States and Canada. (natural/naturally)
Tourists visit this place _______________.(frequent/frequently)
The Falls are very ______________.(noisy/noisily)
So you must speak ______________ or nobody can understand you.(loud/loudly)
Many years ago, the Iroquois tribe lived here ______________. (peaceful/peacefully)
138
Unit 10
T H E G R A N D C A N Y O N
The Grand Canyon is one of the most spectacular natural features on earth. It is listed as one of the
Seven Natural Wonders and became a United States national park in 1919. The park covers an area of
nearly 1,900 square miles altogether.
Carved by the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon slices deep into the Colorado Plateau and forms one
of the most scenic landscapes in the world. Its altitudes range from about 1,200 feet above sea level to
8,803 feet. The width of the canyon varies from less than a mile to more than 18 miles; in some places
the canyon is more than a mile deep.
It is called Grand Canyon because of the great length and depth of the canyon, the park includes
many different physical and biological environments. The climate is varied too, ranging from desert to
subarctic climate. This is the same climatic variation that can be found between northern Mexico and
central Canada.
299 species of birds, 74 kinds of mammals, 8 species of amphibians, and 40 kinds of reptiles are found
in the canyon.
The first inhabitants of the Grand Canyon were the Paleo Indians. They arrived 11,000 years ago and
were descendants of Asian people who had migrated to the North American continent at least 25,000
years earlier, during the Ice Age. It was in 1540 that the Grand Canyon was discovered by white settlers.
The Colorado River has cut its way through the whole canyon, that’s 277.7 miles. Up to 1963, when the
Glen Canyon Dam was built, the Colorado river moved 143 million tons of stones each year, in 1927
even 480 million tons. The Glen Canyon Dam finally reduced the amount of sediment transported by
the river.
139
Circle the answer you think is correct.
1. The Canyon is less than a mile deep.

TRUE FALSE
2. Only birds are found in the canyon.

TRUE FALSE
3. There are many different climates in the canyon.

TRUE FALSE
4. The Glen Canyon Dam reduces the amount of stones

transported by the Colorado.
TRUE FALSE
140
Unit 10
5. What is the opposite of above sea level?
6. Which word can you find in the text for “people in later generations you are related with”?
7. Put the following sentence into: Active voice.

“The Grand Canyon was discovered by white settlers.”
8. “The first inhabitants of the Grand Canyon were the Paleo Indians.” - Substitute inhabitants by
one of the following words.
rangers residents people
141
G R A M M A R R E V I E W
Adverbs
An adverb is a word that modifies verbs, adjectives and other adverbs.
The difference between an adverb and an adjective is the following:
An adjective modifies a noun.
Example:
“John is tall.” = (The adjective tall modifies the noun John)
An adverb modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples:
“That idea is simply ridiculous.” = (The adverb simply modifies the adjective ridiculous)
What are the different types of adverbs?
Basically, most adverbs tell you how, in what way, when, where, and to what extent something is done. In
other words, they describe the manner, place, or time of an action. Here are some examples:
He speaks quietly. = (quietly is an adverb of manner.)
I live here. = (here is an adverb of place.)
Adverb rules:
1. Regular adverbs:
Adverbs in English often end in -ly.
These adverbs are formed by adding -ly to the end of an adjective:
Adjective + ly
Examples:
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
SLOW SLOWLY
CAREFUL CAREFULLY
beautiful beautifully
142
Unit 10
Adverbs of Frequency
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do something. Adverbs of frequency are often used with
the present simple because they indicate repeated or routine activities.
Adverbs of frequency:
ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY:
ALWAYS 100% Usually 80%
OFTEN 60% Sometimes 50%
Seldom/rarely 30% NeveR 0%
i.e. They often go out for dinner.

I never go to cinema. I don’t like it.
I don’t mind going to the theater. I sometimes go with my husband.
Never say never. (proverb)
Other adverbs of frequency include:
occasionally
frequently
Position of adverbs of frequency

Generally speaking adverbs of frequency come before the main verb except the main verb “to be”:
i.e. We have often seen him pass by the house.
They areseldom at work.
Occasionally, sometimes, often, frequently and usually can also go at the beginning or end of a sentence:
Sometimes they visit him.
I miss him occasionally.
Rarely and seldom can also go at the end of a sentence (often with “very”):
We see them rarely.
John eats meat very seldom.
143
THE WEATHER
“Hi, you guys I’m Kimberly and in this unit I’ll be talking to you all, about a recent forum we had at the
school’s auditorium, while I wait for my mom to pick me up from school.”
“Well, today we learnt about global warming and the climate weather changes that it has had caused.
Did you know that global warming has several different effects on our planet from weather-related
events to adding stress to wild life species and their habitat?”
“Let me start telling you first about climate change impacting on weather-related events. For example
tropical storms and hurricanes are likely to bring: much greater wind speeds; way more precipitation.
Maximal wind speeds could increment from 2% to 11% and downpour could increment from 3% up to
31%, that’s so raw, don’t you think so”.
“Now let me tell you that concerning global warming, it will bring in more prevalent and grave heat
waves, this means severe results to vulnerable populations, due to the fact that it also means that air
pollution in urban areas could get worse. More extremely hot summer days are projected everywhere.
Some climate models indicate that an average summer around 2050 would be topping around 90
degrees Fahrenheit, if global warming continues unattended,” in my opinion that would be obnoxious.
What do you think?
“Here in the western part of the States there’s a gruesome problem due to wildfires steadily increasing
and global warming is a major contributing factor because spring occurs earlier, summer heat builds
up more quickly, and warm conditions extend further into fall even into winter”. “That’s not all guys”.
“They also mention that floods are another factor to take into consideration, heavier storms cause
major floods nowadays. Global warming is partly to blame because warmer air holds more moisture
as a result heavier precipitations are expected in the years to come, the experts said that it is time for
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governments throughout the world to confront the many realities of global warming, the increasing
frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall means that they have to reduce the risks to riverfront
communities, and that important steps should be taken like discouraging development in flood-prone
areas for instance”.
“Global warming is making a peculiar effect on winter here in the States, many areas are seeing bigger
and more intense blizzards, on the other hand areas where snowstorms were more common are having
less blizzards which causes form pests expanding to these areas and killing pine forests, such as the pine
bark beetle infestation in recent years, also a large number of ski areas are likely to sea decline on their
income from 25% to 45% in skiing seasons in the long run”.
“My fellow classmates as well as me were in shock but impress and concern about this situation because
the experts mention that we have the obligation to fight back this situation since now because the ones
that will suffer the most this reality will be us, kids and probably our children in a near future, that’s how
they ended the forum, now I’m going home to tell my folks about it so that our family take hands into
matter about global warming”.
“I hope that sharing this school day with you all was well received and well taken, see you around”
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S O M E V O C A B U L A R Y
A B O U T T H E W E A T H E R
It’s a very rainy day today: we mean it’s raining a lot – probably for most of the day.
Showery: we mean that usually it rains for a while, then it stops raining for a while and then it starts
again and off-and-on rain through the day.
Drizzle / drizzly: very soft, light rain, which usually continues for a long time.
pouring: raining very heavily.
Sleet: freezing rain; a mixture of rain and snow together.
It’s chucking it down!: It’s raining really heavily.
Nice weather for ducks!: It’s raining very heavily.
Now here’s some vocabulary for hot weather:
Boiling: very hot
Sweltering: very hot
Scorching / a scorcher: extremely hot
A heatwave: a period of extremely hot and dry weather that lasts for several days or even weeks
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Now here’s some vocabulary for cold weather:
chilly: quite cold.
freezing: very cold.
bitter / bitterly cold: extremely cold.
hail: small, hard balls of ice that fall from the sky like rain
frost / frosty: this is the name for the layer of ice crystals that forms on exposed objects when the
weather’s very cold. This often happens overnight, and when you wake up in the morning everything’s
white!
icicle: the kind-of pointed stick of ice which is formed by the freezing of dripping water.
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Practice talking about these questions with your coach in your audio therapy session.
Are the winters in your city warm, cool, or freezing?
What do you usually do in the winter months in your city? Why is that?
Are the summers in your city cool, warm, or hot?
What do you usually do in the summer months in your city? Why is that?
Does a particular season make you feel really happy?
What about unhappy? Why is that?
Which is your favorite time of year? Why is that?
If you could get rid of one season of the year, which season would you get rid of? Why?
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Weather
Which answer is the correct one, write the letter on the blanks.
1. If the weather forecast is fine, a)cool b)wet c)good

it’s going to be ___ weather.
2. If the forecast is sleet, it’s a) cloudy and b)hot c) cold and wet
going to be ___. warm
3. If the forecast is drizzle, a) snow b) light rain c) sunshine

there’s going to be ___.
4. Hail is ___. a) light rain b) strong winds c) ice ball
5. Showers are ___. a) light winds b) the sound c) light rain

lightening
makes
6. Frost happens when it’s ___. a) windy b) cold c) hot
7. If the forecast is overcast, it’s a) cold b) cloudy c) sunny

going to be ___.
8. If the weather is humid, the a) cold and dry b) hot and dry c) hot and wet
air is ___.
9. Strong gusts refer to ___. a) snow b) rain c) wind
10. If the weather is snowy, it is a) warm b) hot c) cold

___.
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Fill in the Blanks with the vocabulary below:
drought reservoirs dry
rainfall satellite
Much of the U.S.A. is still in _______________ conditions. Water levels in ______________ remain
very low and many rivers could still run ______________ despite the recent heavy _______________.
Meteorologists are using ______________ imagery to monitor current weather patterns and to
forecast whether further downpours are likely.
Underline the correct answer.
1. Someone who studied the weather is called a….
weatherologist biologist meteorologist
2. A severe lack of rainfall can often lead to….
flooding hurricanes drought
3. Images of clouds and rain are taken from space using a….
radar satellite weather balloon
4. Many people believe extreme changes of weather are an example of….
heavy snowfall climate change low temperatures
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Do you worry about the environment? Please explain why.
Do people care about the environment in your country? Why/ why not?
Has the world changed at all because of global warming? Why do you think so?
Do you think the world will be better or worse in fifty years? Why?
What is the environment? Please write your definition.
What is global warming? Please write your definition.
What are some things you do that harm the environment? Which is the worst? Please explain.
Which is the best?
How many plastic bottles have you used this week? Is this too much?
Are you a litterbug? Why do you think so?
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There are two ways to talk about possession. First is adding an‘s to the subject or (if the word
finishes with “s”, just the apostrophe). Second we can use have or has. Complete the following
exercises.
Write the subject with the appropriate form of possessive into the gaps.
1) This is _______________ book. (Peter)
2) Let’s go to the _______________ house. (Smiths)
3) The _______________ room is upstairs. (children)
4) _______________ sister is twelve years old. (John)
5) _______________ bags have blue stickers. (Susan and Steve)
6) _______________ shoes are on the second floor. (men)
7) My _______________ car was not expensive. (parents)
8) _______________ CD player is new. (Charles)
9) This is the _______________ bike. (boy)
10) These are the _______________ pencils. (boys)
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Rewrite the sentences using ´s or s´.
1. The men families __________________
2. Those girls friends __________________
3. Her babies toys __________________
4. The people names __________________
5. Heidi and John son _________________
Choose the correct option for each sentence.
have has
1. I ___ blond hair and blue eyes.
2. Ann ___ to go home now.
3. Mr. Scotford ___ two brothers.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Smith and their son ___ gone to Sweden for the week.
5. ___ your father got a nice car?
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Fill in the blanks with the comparative form of the adjectives given.
1. A rock is _______________ than a leaf. (heavy)
2. Our house is _______________ than yours. (big)
3. The princess is _______________ than the witch. (beautiful)
4. Tom is a ______________ student than Mary. (good)
5. Helen is _______________ than Mary. (happy)
6. I think golf is _______________ than football. (bad)
Fill in the gaps with the superlative form of the adjectives given.
1. It is the _______________ shop in town. (large)
2. Monday is the _______________ day of the week. (bad)
3. Ben was the _______________ person in his family. (noisy)
4. Sam is the _______________ in the class. (popular)
5. Which is the _______________ subject at school? (difficult)
6. Jim is the _______________ player in the football team. (good)
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Choose and underline the correct answer for each question.
1. What is the superlative of “small”?
smallier smaller smalliest smallest
2. What is the superlative of “unpleasant”?
unpleasant most unpleasant more unpleasant unpleasantest
3. What is the superlative of “soft”?
softest softiest softtest mostsoft
4. What is the comparative of “lively”?
livelyer more livelier livelier more livelyer
5. What is the comparative of “heat”?
heater heatter heatier hetter none of these
Complete the sentences with Somewhere or Anywhere
1. Have you seen my necklace ___________________?
2. The restaurant must be ___________________ around here.
3. My friend lives ____________________ in Spain.
4. I can’t find my glasses ____________________.
5. Did you travel ____________________ last weekend?
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Complete the sentences by usinghe correct indefinite pronoun.
1. I can’t find my cell phone ___________________.
anybody anywhere somewhere nowhere
2. 2. The glass is empty ___________________ drank my orange juice.
somewhere nobody somebody anybody
3. Do you know ___________________ who has red hair?
anybody somebody nobody something
4. ___________________ is wrong with my cell phone because I can’t hear you.
something anything nothing somebody
5. All my friends are ill ___________________ is healthy.
anybody somebody nothing nobody
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Apostrophe Rules for Possessives
Use an apostrophe + S (‘s) to show that one person/thing owns or is a member of something.
Amy’s ballet class,
Lisa’scar, Robert’scar
Use an apostrophe after the (s’) at the end of a plural noun if the noun ends with “s” to show possession.
The parents’ bedroom
The Joneses’lives
“It is not necessary to add another “s” to the end of a plural noun”.
Have and has are used to talk about possession. We use have with the subject pronouns I, we, you and
they. We use has with the pronouns he, she and it.
Jack (he) has a beautiful house.
James and Rose Mary (they) have a beautiful relationship.
The question form for ‘have’ follows regular present simple:
Do you have a fast car?
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Comparatives vs. Superlatives
We use comparative to compare two similar objects and superlative to express the degree of the object being
used is greater than any other possible object.
a) India is a big country. (adjective)
b) Canada is bigger than India. (comparative)
c) Russia is the biggest country in the world. (superlative)
Here is how we form these adjectives:
Comparatives
For Short Adjectives Adjectives ending “__y” For Long Adjectives
Add ‘-er’ Heavier - heavy Less - interesting

Bigger - big Prettier - pretty More - intelligent
Longer - long Easier - easy
Faster - fast More/Less ____
Add ‘-ier’ More - beautiful
For Short Adjectives add ‘est’.
Big - the biggest

Long - the longest
Fast - the fastest
Adjectives Ending “y” replace the “y” for “i” and add ‘est’.
Heavy - the heaviest

Pretty - the prettiest
Easy - the easiest
For Long Adjectives add the “most/least”at the beginning of the adjective.
The most beautiful
The least interesting
The most intelligent
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Examples of comparatives and superlatives:
Madrid is bigger thanLisbon but London is the biggest city in Europe.
Your exam was easier thanmine. You are always luckier than me!
There are some irregulars:
Good - Better - The Best

Bad - Worse - The Worst
Far - Further - The Furthest
Ex- Tina Turner is not the best singer in the world, but I am worse than her!
We use “as ____ as” to describe or compare things which are equal:
Rome is as hot as Madrid in August.
I don’t get paid as much as John as he is more experienced.
She ran as far as possible and then stopped.
We can use other expressions before these adjectives to give emphasis.
She is much taller than her husband.
We spent a bit more than expected.
Julia Roberts is prettier than Charlize Theron.
Los Angeles is quite a lot more polluted than San Francisco
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gone shopping
It’s Black Friday here at the States and the Williams are planning on spending some time doing some
serious shopping at their local mall. So that you understand a little better the definition of Black Friday
we’ll tell you some about it.
For millions of people Black Friday is the time to do some serious Christmas shopping before the last
of the Thanksgiving leftovers are gone! Black Friday is the Friday after Thanksgiving, and it’s one of the
major shopping days of the year in the United States.
The term “Black Friday” was coined in the 1960s to mark the kick off the Christmas shopping season.
Ever since the start of the modern Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade in 1924, the Friday after Thanksgiving
has been known as the unofficial start to a bustling holiday shopping season.
As retailers began to realize they could draw big crowds by discounting prices, Black Friday became
the day to shop, even better than those last minute Christmas sales. Some retailers put their items up
for sale on the morning of Thanksgiving, or email online specials to consumers days or weeks before
the actual event. The most common shopped for items are electronics and popular toys, as these may
be the most drastically discounted. However, prices are slashed on everything from home furnishings
to apparel.
Black Friday is a long day, with many retailers opening up at 5 am or even earlier to hordes of people
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waiting anxiously outside the shop windows. There are numerous doorbuster deals and loss leaders
(prices so low the store may not make a profit) to entice shoppers. Most large retailers post their Black
Friday ad scans, coupons and offers online beforehand to give consumers time to find out about sales
and plan their purchases. Other companies take a different approach, waiting until the last possible
moment to release their Black Friday ads, hoping to create a buzz and keep customers eagerly checking
back for an announcement.
More and more, consumers are choosing to shop online, not wanting to wait outside in the early morning
chill with a crush of other shoppers or battle over the last most-wanted item. Often, many people
show up for a small number of limited-time “door-buster” deals, such as large flat-screen televisions
or laptops for a few hundred dollars. Since these coveted items sell out quickly, quite a few shoppers
leave the store empty handed. The benefit of online shopping is that you will know right away if the
MP3 player you want is out of stock, and can easily find another one without having to travel from store
to store. Also, many online retailers have pre-Black Friday or special Thanksgiving sales, so you may not
even have to wait until the big day to save. So, there you have it - the Black Friday history behind the
best shopping day of the year!
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Practice this Dialogue of a conversation, in a store with your coach in the Audio Therapy session.
Store Clerk: Hi. Welcome to Magy’s. May I help you find something or are you just looking?
Mrs. Williams: I’m not sure. Are you having a sale right now?
Store Clerk: Everything on these two racks over here is on sale.

Mrs. Williams: Thanks. Ooh! This sweater is nice. But it looks a little big. Do you have this in a smaller size?
Store Clerk: I think so. Let me look. Oh, here’s one. Would you like to use the fitting room to try it on?
Mrs. Williams: Sure. Thanks.
...a little later...
Store Clerk: How did it fit?

Mrs. Williams: Not too bad. I think I’ll take it.
Store Clerk: Great. (She takes it off the hanger) How would you like to pay?
Well, I’m almost maxed out on my credit card, so I think I’ll pay with a check.
Mrs. Williams:
Store Clerk: Okay, with tax it comes to $24.93.*

Mrs. Williams: Who should I make the check out to?
Store Clerk: Magy’s.

Mrs. Williams: Here you are.
Store Clerk: Can I see an I.D., please?
Mrs. Williams: Sure, here is my driver’s license.
Store Clerk: Thanks. Here you go. Enjoy your purchase. And have a nice day.
Mrs. Williams: Thanks. You too.
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A R E Y O U A
S H O P A H O L I C ?
Look up for the definition of the new vocabulary in an english/english dictionary.
Some people’s lives revolve around shopping, as they repeatedly make purchases regardless of need
or available money. Some of these people make impromptu purchases. Some of these people have
closets with unopened purchases. Also they have racked up overwhelming amounts of credit card
debts. If this sounds like you, then you may be a shopaholic.
A recently surveyed to determine the predilection towards compulsive buying reveals that 9% of
people fall into this category. This new data concludes an increase in the number of shopaholics from
just fifteen years ago as and it determines that men remain just as prone to the shopping urge as
women. The test consisted of six statements which people answered on a 7-point scale; from strongly
agree to strongly disagree. Some statements included:
Much of my life centers around buying things.
I buy things I didn’t plan to buy.
Others might consider me a shopaholic.
Compulsive buying obviously leads to financial problems such as an empty bank account and maxed
out credit cards. Yet these unneeded and unwanted purchases may be the manifestation of more
serious problems, namely depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. What’s more, relationships and
family harmony also deteriorate because of disagreements over the purchases. Shopaholics may then
hide their purchases, as well as the accompanying costs, and thus add to the strain. It’s a problem that
affects people of different income brackets.
163
Do you agree or disagree? Why?
I love to go shopping. _________________________________________________ .
I often buy things that I don’t really need. ______________________________________ .
I often buy things that I didn’t plan to buy. ______________________________________ .
My friends would consider me a shopaholic. ___________________________________ .
Answer True or False, if false, correct the sentence.
According to the article, shopaholics are people obsessed with shopping. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
Less people suffer from compulsive buying than in the past. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
According to the article, more women than men are shopaholics. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
Shopaholics may also suffer from anxiety and low self-esteem. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
Both rich people and poor people suffer from compulsive buying. ____
_______________________________________________________________________.
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Talk about the following questions with your coach at the Audio Therapy session. Remember to support your
answers!
Based on the information in the article, would you consider yourself a shopaholic? Why/ why not?
Based on the information in the article, do you know anyone who might be a shopaholic? Why/ why not?
Do you agree that women and men suffer from the problem equally? Why/ why not?
Do you agree that anxiety and low self-esteem cause compulsive buying? Why/ why not?
What solutions are there for people who are shopaholics? How can they be helped?
165
Do you like shopping? Why/not?
Do you usually buy expensive products or are you a bargain hunter? Please explain.
If you didn’t need to worry about money, would you go shopping every day?
Did you go shopping last week? If you did, what did you buy? If didn’t, why didn’t you go shopping?
Have you ever bought something on line? If you have, what did you buy?
How often do you go shopping? Do you think this is too much or too little?
What was the most expensive thing that you have ever bought? How did you feel after you bought it? Please
explain.
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What is a spur-of-the-moment purchase? Do you often make spur-of-the-moment purchases?
What is a shopaholic? Are you a shopaholic?
What is a cheapskate? Are you a cheapskate?
What kind of stores do you rather go to, big department stores or small shops? Why?
Have you ever participated in an auction? If you have, what did you buy? If you haven’t, would you want to go
to one?
167
Vocabulary you should know:
Ring it up for me! - I’m taking it.
Marked down - On sale.
Register or check out - Where you pay for your purchases.
Parking lot (n.) - The multi-level parking garage that is connected to a shopping center/mall.
Chose the correct vocabulary word.
1. Do you have this shirt in a smaller/ bigger ________?
proportion number size
2. Could you please ________ (= put aside) these pants for me? I will be back in 20 minutes
to pay for them.
sell buy hold
3. I love shopping right after Thanksgiving Day because there are big ________ in every store.
mark-ups sales shows
4. A ________ is a big shopping center with lots of stores, restaurants, etc.
mole mall male
5. I have to find an ________ to get some money.
ATM auto ABS
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6. Most stores give you the option of paying with cash, by debit card, or by ________.
card of credit credit card deposit
7. P1: What a nice blouse! P2: Yeah, I’m going to ________.
try it on try on it try it
8. A ________ card works like a credit card, but it automatically takes money out of your bank
account.
credit deposit debit
9. Hey, you should buy that hat. It ________!
looks good on you looks well on you looks good on your head
169
Separate the three scramble up shopping conversations into dialogue one, two and three.
Dialogue 1 Shop assistant:
Customer:
1 Could you tell me how much these jeans ___ I’m afraid that’s the only size we have at the
are, please? moment.
2 I’m looking for something to go with this ___ They are $19.99.
shirt. ___ Well, we have some new trousers just in.
3 I bought this skirt last week, but it’s too They are half price, too.
small.

Customer:
___ Do you accept Visa? ___ Yes, but it would take two weeks I’m afraid.
___ Could you order another one for me? ___ I’m afraid not. But there is a pair in light
___ They’re nice. Do you have them in dark blue.
blue? ___ Yes, of course.
Customer:
___ OK, I’ll take them then. ___ I’m sorry. Would you like to choose
___ That’s too long. I need it for a party on something else?
Friday. ___ Of course, the changing rooms are over
___ They are nice, too. Could I try them on? here.
___ I’ll just put them in a bag for you.
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S H O P P I N G
For each sentence, choose the best word or phrase to complete the gap from the choices below.
1. I’m never going there again. The shop _________ was so rude.
a) assistant b) server c) waiter d) cashier
2. That’s $25.50, Mrs. Thank you. And here’s your ______.
a) change b) remainder c) cash d) small money
3. Can I ______ these jeans. I want to see if they fit me.
a) carry on b) wear on c) try on d) put on
4. Look at this lovely jumper. It was only ten pounds in the _____.
a) bargains b) sales c) reductions d) promotions
5. Some shops will give you a ten percent ________ if you pay for your purchases in cash.
a) discount b) offer c) bargain d) receipt
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Common phrases in a store:
are you just looking? = do you want to look alone?
to have a sale = a store will have many things at a discount (The store is having a sale.)
to be on sale = one or more items at a discount (This shirt is on sale.)
hanger = holds the clothes.
rack = a metal (or other kind) bar that holds clothes. You put your clothes on a hanger. and then put
the hanger on a rack.
fitting room = the place where you try on clothes.
max out a credit card = (this is slang) It means you have reached your limit. If you cannot spend more
money on your credit card, you have maxed it out.
how would you like to pay? = do you want to pay with cash, a credit card, or a check?
how does it fit? = is it a good size for you?
I’ll take it = I’ll buy it.
who should I make the check out to? = what name should I write on the check?
vat (value-added tax) = the extra money a store charges. It goes to the government.
I.D. = identification (card).
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Here are twenty unusual clothing articles. Sort them into two groups: clothing worn above the belt
and clothing worn below the belt.
blouse clogs cravat
hoody leggings poncho
sarong trainers trunks
brooch collar cufflinks
kilt mittens shawl
tiara tights waistcoat
flip-flops SLIPPERS
Worn above the belt Worn below the belt
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For and Since
You use FOR if you don’t have to calculate the period of time and SINCE if you have to calculate the
period of time.
Now fill the blanks with FOR or SINCE:
1. I have been living in New York ______________ 1 year.
2. I haven’t seen you _______________ a week.
3. I have been waiting ______________ 12:30.
4. I’ve lived here ______________ 5 years.
5. I’ve lived here ______________ 2003.
6. ______________ she came here I’ve been very nervous.
7. She has been married ______________ ten years.
8. She has been a doctor ______________ 1998.
9. I have been living in Valencia ______________ last June.
10. I haven’t seen you ______________ last week
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However and Therefore
You can use ‘however’ to express contrast.
Ex: Paul decided to go to Kenya. Steve, however, went to Dorset.
“Therefore” means “for that reason”.
Ex: Margaret moved last week; therefore, she didn’t graduate with our class.
Now you can write “however” or “therefore” to fill the blanks.
175
1. I don’t like salads. _______________, I like vegetables.
2. It was raining. _______________, she took her umbrella.
3. He went to London. _______________, he didn’t see the Big Ben.
4. He went to London. _______________, he saw the Big Ben.
5. She loved her boyfriend. _______________, she didn’t buy him a present for St.
Valentine.
6. She loved her boyfriend. _______________, she bought him a present for St
Valentine.
7. They loved animals. _______________, they had a dog, a cat and a rabbit.
8. They loved animals. _______________, they didn’t have any.
9. He was very fat. _______________, he didn’t usually eat a lot.
10. He was very fat._______________, it was difficult for him to find nice clothes.
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For/since
The words for and since are used in sentences where the speaker wants to talk about something that started
in the past and continues into the present.
For is used when specifying the amount of time (how long):
I’ve had this watch for more than 40 years.

I’ve only known her for a few weeks.
He’s been here for 6 months and still can’t speak a word of German.
She’s been smoking for a long time. No wonder she coughs so much!
Since is used when specifying the starting point:
I’ve had this watch since 1965.

I’ve only known her since the beginning of last week.
He’s been here since April and he still can’t speak a word of German.
She’s been smoking since she started grade 5. No wonder she coughs so much!
However can be an adverb of degree and conjunction.
As an adverb of degree, however precedes its adjective/adverb and looks like this:
You couldn’t earn much, however hard you worked.
As a conjunction, however usually means “but”. It can precede or follow its clause or come after the first
word or phrase.
I’ll offer it to Tom. However, he may not want it or He may not want it, however or Tom, however, may
not want it or however, he doesn’t want it. . .
Therefore is a conjunction and it can be used instead of so in formal English. It can come at the beginning of
the clause or after the first word or phrase; or before the main verb:
There are many people who want to buy this painting; therefore, expect the price to be rather high.
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INTELLIGENCE READING II
Intelligence Reading= Use an english-english dictionary to look up words that you don’t
understand and check with your coach in the Audio Therapy Session.
“The Citarum Estuary”
Forty miles east of Jakarta, a river over 186 miles (300km) long winds across the island of Java.
For thousands of years the Citarum River has been an important resource for the Indonesian
people. Today it continues to support fishing, agriculture, electricity generation, and sewerage
for nearly 30 million residents.
When Indonesia experienced a manufacturing boom, little attention was paid to key
components of infrastructure. Proper framework for waste disposal was largely neglected. As
a result, manufacturers and residents abused the river, leaving the Citarum as one of the most
polluted waterways in the world.
History
The river has a relationship with mankind dating to the 4th century A.D., when the Tarumanagara
kingdom was said to have flourished on the banks of the Citarum.
Early residents relied on the water for everything from bathing to waste disposal. For centuries
the smaller populations and lack of heavy industry tempered the ecological threat from the
poor disposal practices. By the late 20th century, it had become a significant health hazard.
One option was Java, one of the most populous islands in the world – and a region desperately
haunted by poverty. The island’s most abundant resource is labor, which is oversupplied and
drives down cost. This attracted industry to Indonesia.
Its geography made the Citarum River an easy choice for businesses with export considerations.
Unfortunately it was also a convenient vehicle for waste disposal malfeasance, and Indonesia’s
historically relaxed enforcement didn’t do much to discourage potential offenders.
For decades the river has been forced to swallow human, industrial, and toxic waste. By the turn
of the century improper waste disposal had long been an endemic problem.
Before long Indonesia became a major manufacturing center. When industry migrated to Java,
factories producing everything from electronics to textiles started dotting the landscape.
But as the number of factories along the Citarum bank has grown, so has the amount of
industrial toxic waste discharged into its waters. Snowballing the river’s rate of deterioration is
the population boom in Java, which has increased the deposit of human waste as well.
RUNNER THE BEST TRAINING OF ENGLISH: Take Off de, Runway
the Smart English se terminó de imprimir en el mes de Mayo
del año 2015 bajo la supervisión de Par Tres Editores, S.A de
C.V, con un tiraje de 1000 ejemplares.
El diseño de la publicación estuvo a cargo de Aline Trejo García

y estuvo al cuidado de Patricio Rebollar.

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Take Off Imprenta

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INDEX

2. at the high school 16

4. a city in the States 40

6. at the sea side 64

8. out for some grub 90

9. a little bit about me 110

10. a weekend in the country side 126

11. the weather 146

12. gone shopping 162

a. Mr. James Williams is the father, he’s a businessman.

B. Mrs. Rose Mary Williams is the mother, she’s a housewife.

c. Edward Williams is the son; he’s a high school student.

d. Kimberly Williams is the daughter, she’s an elementary student.

f. Mrs. Sharon Williams is the grandmother, she’s a retired secretary.

Rose Mary Williams is the mother.

Edward Williams is the son.

Kimberly Williams is the daughter.

Ronald Williams is the Grandfather.

Sharon Williams is the grandmother.

Lucky is the dog.

Precious is the cat.

Cookie is the turtle.

Who’s James Williams? What’s his occupation?

Who’s Edward Williams? What`s his occupation?

Who`s Ronald Williams? What’s his Occupation?

What`s Your name?

Who`s Rose Mary Williams? What`s her occupation?

Who`s Kimberly Williams? What`s her occupation?

Who`s Sharon Williams? What`s her occupation?

What`s your occupation?

This is a couch. This is a smart T.V.

This is a coffee table.

This is a floor lamp. This is a digital clock.

This is a flower vase. This is a chair.

This is a rug. This is a guitar.

Is this the newspaper?

Is this a Blu Ray DVD player?

Is this an IPod? Is this a picture?

Is this a baseball cap? Is this a bookshelf?

Is this a fish tank?

That’s a video-game console.

That’s a digital camera.

aunt father nephew stepmother mother in-law

brother grandchildren niece uncle brother in-law

cousin grandmother sister wife great grandfather

daughter mother son husband half sister

My brother’s daughter is my ___________________.

My wife’s father is my ___________________.

My children’s children are my ___________________.

My father’s sister is my ____________________.

My uncle’s children are my ____________________.

Some Useful Remarks:

GREETINGS & FAREWELLS

Teacher: Hi! How are you?”

Student: “Hey! What’s up”

Teacher: “Nice to meet you”

Student 1: “What’s your name?”

Teachers:”See you later”

Students:”See you soon”

Peter: Oh... I don’t understand... Janet: Really? Where do you live in

Janet: Oooh! And what’s your name?

Peter: Do you speak French? Janet: See you!

VOWELS AND CONSONANTS

WHO= is use to obtain information about a person or people.