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SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 1 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 2 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
CONTROL SYSTEM
The overall control system for the LMS100 turbine-generator is made up of a group of
different control systems that interact and communicate back and forth. As shown in the
block diagram below, the main control systems include;
Mark VIe Turbine Control System
Satec Generator Monitoring System
Detronics Fire and Gas Monitoring System
GE EX2100e Automatic Voltage Regulator (generator control)
Beckwith IGPS (integrated generator protection system)
GE Fanuc MCC Protection, Control, and Monitoring System
Bently Nevada Vibration Monitoring System
From the HMI (human machine interface) an operator can utilize the control systems to
perform automatic startup, fuel management, generator loading, and system operation.
Critical parameters are constantly monitored and alarms or shutdowns are initiated
automatically for out-of-tolerance conditions. Automatic fuel control and turbine
sequencing are controlled by the Mark VIe control system’s software and hardware.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 3 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
The Mark VIe is the latest design in a highly successful series of turbine control systems.
Previous systems were based on techniques dating back to the 1940s that have developed
with the available technology. The Mark VIe system is an evolution of turbine automation
techniques learned and refined over years of successful experience, more than 80% of
which has been through the use of electronic control technology. The Mark VIe control
system employs current state-of-the-art technology, including high-speed, networked I/O for
simplex, dual, and triple-modular redundant (TMR) systems.
The Mark VIe control system is designed to satisfy all gas turbine control requirements
including control of fuels and turbine temperature under all conditions. In addition, inlet
guide vanes and water or steam injection are controlled to meet emissions and operating
requirements. If emissions control uses Dry Low NOx techniques, fuel staging and
combustion mode are controlled by the Mark VIe system, which also monitors the process.
Sequencing of the auxiliaries to allow fully automated startup, shut-down and cool-down are
also handled by the Mark VIe control system. Turbine protection against adverse operating
situations and annunciation of abnormal conditions are incorporated into the basic system.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 4 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Operator Interface
The primary operator station for the unit is an operator interface commonly referred to as
the Human-Machine Interface (HMI). The HMI is a color monitor that provides visual
feedback of operating conditions, and is a Microsoft® Windows®-based operating system
with client/server capability, a CIMPLICITY® graphics display system, and software
maintenance tools (ToolboxST). Input commands from the operator are entered using a
cursor positioning device. An arm/execute sequence is used to prevent inadvertent turbine
operation. The operator interface also handles communication functions with remote and
external devices.
Turbine
Control
Power Inputs
AC and DC
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 5 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Architecture
A CompactPCI® based controller communicates with networked I/O over one or multiple
Ethernet networks. The controller rack consists of the main processors and one or two
power supplies. A real time, multitasking operating system is used for the main processor
and I/O. Application software is provided in a configurable control block language and is
stored in non-volatile memory.
The Ethernet switches are part of the Unit Data Highway (UDH) connecting the HMI server
with the controllers and other unit control equipment. Ethernet communications are used for
I/O, controllers, and supervisory interface to operator and maintenance stations, and third
party systems.
A 100 MB Ethernet communications network suitable for local or remote I/O with a fiber
interface is used to communicate between the main processor(s) and networked I/O blocks,
called I/O packs.
Each I/O pack is mounted on a board with barrier or box type terminal blocks. A triplex I/O
system is provided for the LMS100 application.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 6 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
I/O Interface
I/O packs are mounted on each I/O terminal board to digitize the sensor signal, perform
algorithms, and communicate with the main processor. I/O packs have a local processor
board that runs a real time operating system and a data acquisition board that is unique to
the type of input device. An infrared transceiver is mounted in each I/O pack for accessing
low-level diagnostics. I/O values can be monitored, I/O pack host / function names can be
programmed, and error statuses can be checked by using a diagnostic tool on a laptop or a
handheld PC.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 7 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Terminal Blocks
Signal flow begins with a sensor connected to a terminal block on a board. The DIN rail
mounted boards are arranged in vertical columns of high and low level wiring that can be
accessed from top and/or bottom cable entrances.
Controller
The controller is mounted in a compact PCI rack and contains the main processor and the
IONet bus master for communication with the I/O packs. The controller rack and its contents
are rated for NFPA Class 1, Div. 2 with an operating range of 0 to 60C. Boards are front-
loaded, vertical, and held in position by their connectors with guides on both sides and a
faceplate that screws into the rack.
Redundant power supplies are provided for each rack. Either supply can be inserted or
removed from the rack without disturbing operation or reducing the reliability of any
associated devices. Local temperature sensors and diagnostics monitor the temperature at
the rack.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 8 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
System alarms for fault conditions are time tagged at frame rate in the controller(s) and
transmitted to the HMI alarm management system. System events are time tagged at frame
rate, and sequence of events (SOE) for contact inputs are time tagged at 1ms in the I/O
packs. Alarms can be sorted according to ID, Resource, Device, Time, and Priority. Operators
can add comments to alarm messages or link specific alarm messages to supporting
graphics.
A standard alarm/event log stores data for 30 days and can be sorted in chronological order
or according to the frequency of occurrence. In addition, a trip history is provided that stores
the key control parameters and alarms / events for the last 30 trips. This includes up to 200
alarms, 200 events, 200 SOE messages, and analog data before and after the trip. Data is
displayed in English or Metric engineering units with a one second update rate and one
second to repaint a typical display graphic. Operator commands can be issued to
increment/decrement a set point or a numerical value can be entered for a new set point.
Security for HMI users is important to restrict access to certain maintenance functions, such
as editors and tuning capability, and to limit certain operations. A system called User
Accounts is provided to limit access or use of particular HMI features
The Mark VIe is a fully programmable control system. Tool Box is a suite of software tools
that provides libraries with general-purpose blocks, math blocks, macros (user blocks), and
application-specific blocks for programming, configuring I/O, trending and diagnostics. It
provides a single source of quality, time-coherent data at the controller and plant level for
effectively managing equipment assets.
Application software documentation is created directly from source code and can be
compiled and printed at site. This includes the application software diagram, I/O
assignments, the settings of tuning constants. The software maintenance tools are available
for use in the HMI or as a separate software package on a Windows-based PC.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 9 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Diagnostics
Diagnostic messages for hardware limit checks and all other hardware diagnostics for the
board can be accessed with the software maintenance tools. A composite diagnostic alarm
state is provided in the database for each I/O pack, and a separate logic state is provided to
indicate a high/low (hardware) limit fault of any analog input or the associated
communications for that signal.
Diagnostic and system (process) alarms are time-stamped in the controllers and transmitted
to operator and maintenance stations. Communication links to a plant DCS can contain both
the software (system) diagnostics and composite hardware diagnostics.
Plant level control systems integrate the diagnostic data from the individual turbine and
generator controls with the overall plant. This allows maintenance personnel to quickly
identify the defective control node, switch, or station and locate the particular device
needing service.
GENERATOR MONITORING
The Satec SA300 simplifies the monitoring and management of generator electrical
conditions and output. In addition to displaying generator output conditions, control and
alarm relays are programmed to activate alarms for measured output values, i.e. high or low
current and voltage conditions.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 10 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
The Detronics fire and gas detection system is comprised of plug-in modules that link to
flame, temperature, and gas detection sensors inside the turbine enclosure. The fire and gas
detection system interfaces with the turbine control system to provide the necessary engine
shutdown, ventilation fan on/off signals, and other operator messages. For a complete
description of the Fire and Gas Monitoring System, refer to chapter 2.17.
GENERATOR CONTROL
The General Electric automatic voltage regulator (AVR) EX2100e is designed to control the
excitation of a brushless generator. The EX2100e is controlled and operated using the GE
Human-Machine Interface (HMI) or the EX2100e panel-mounted keypad. The HMI controls
and monitors turbines, auxiliary equipment, and process diagnostic alarms, and uses
graphic displays for real-time monitoring and analysis.
The EX2100e is installed and maintained using the GE Control System Toolbox. This software
has diagnostic, trending, and forcing (logic and analog) capabilities. The Toolbox also
contains editors for application software, I/O assignments, and tuning constants. Other
features include math blocks, dynamic data, and floating points. Graphics screens make
programming, troubleshooting, and adjustments quick and easy.
GENERATOR PROTECTION
The Beckwith 3425 integrated generator protection system (IGPS®) for generators is a
microprocessor-based digital relay system that provides protection, control, and monitoring
for the generator. The relay provides all major protective functions for generator protection,
including Field Ground (64F), Out-of-Step (78), and Split-Phase Differential (50DT) and Under-
frequency Time Accumulation (81A).
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 11 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
The system also generates COMTRADE files, which is a common format for data files and an
exchange medium used for the interchange of various types of fault, test, or simulation data
for electrical power systems.
Digital fault records are an invaluable tool for power system analysis, and using COMTRADE,
relay engineers and test technicians can analyze transient records for information not only
on power system disturbances, but also during routine commissioning of transmission,
distribution and generation protection systems. The advanced capabilities of digital relay
systems allow for the ability to capture, store, retrieve, and analyze a fault record with very
little effort. A 3-phase test set allows the test technician to playback a COMTRADE file
simulating the exact power system conditions that were originally recorded. This is an
extremely useful tool for determining relay performance during an event or questionable
operating situation, or to assist in the commissioning of new facilities.
Vibration monitors are provided for both the main turbine and generator at the following
critical points:
LPC booster forward journal bearing, aft journal bearing, and thrust bearing
HP Core FF flange, CRF flange, and IPT flange
PWT forward journal bearing, aft journal bearing, and thrust bearing
Generator drive end journal bearings and non-drive end journal bearing
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 12 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
SEISMIC VIBRATION ELEMENT VIBRATION ELEMENT VIBRATION ELEMENT SEISMIC VIBRATION ELEMENT
Booster Forward Journal HP Compressor Front Frame Vibration IPT Frame Vibration Power Turbine Aft Journal Bearing
Bearing Vibration HIGH ALARM HIGH ALARM Vibration
HIGH ALARM HIGH SHUTDOWN HIGH SHUTDOWN HIGH ALARM
HIGH SHUTDOWN HIGH SHUTDOWN
SEISMIC VIBRATION ELEMENT VIBRATION ELEMENT SEISMIC VIBRATION ELEMENT VIBRATION ELEMENT
Booster Aft Journal Bearing Vibration HP Compressor Rear Frame Power Turbine Forward Journal Power Turbine Thrust Bearing
HIGH ALARM Vibration Bearing Vibration Vibration
HIGH SHUTDOWN HIGH ALARM HIGH ALARM HIGH ALARM
HIGH SHUTDOWN HIGH SHUTDOWN
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 13 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
There are two types of vibration monitors used on the LMS100; proximity probes and High
Temperature Velocity Accelerometer System (HTVAS) probes.
Proximity Probes
Proximity probes contain their own sensor inside the housing cover. This design makes the
assembly a completely self-contained proximity probe system, and eliminates the need for
an extension cable between the probe and its sensor. It also eliminates the need for a
separate sensor housing.
The proximity probes are rated to operate in temperatures from + 18°C to +27°C (+64° F to
+80° F) with a -24 VDC power supply.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 14 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
HVTAS PROBES
HTVAS Probes
High temperature velocity accelerometer system probes (HTVAS) provide protection against
self-induced synchronous vibration. Each sensor is capable of monitoring both high-speed
and low-speed rotor vibration levels.
The probe consists of three main components: a sensor head, an integral cable, and an
electronics assembly. The sensor head consists of a piezoelectric ceramic stack that is pre-
stressed between the base of the transducer and a reference mass. When subjected to
machinery vibration, this mass/spring system exerts a force on the piezoelectric ceramic
that generates a signal proportional that force. This signal is then sent to the electronics via
the integral cable. The integral cable consists of a hard line cable, which is permanently
installed between the sensor head and the electronics. When the signal reaches the
electronics, it is converted to a voltage signal, amplified and filtered to produce a low noise
output signal proportional to acceleration. Segregation of the electronics and sensor head
allows placement of the sensor head in high temperature environments that cannot be
tolerated by the electronics.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 15 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Vibration Monitor
The 3500 is a state of the art machinery monitoring system that can collect machinery data
from a variety of transducers. The 3500 Monitoring System can provide machinery
information to a variety of plant personnel. The system consists of:
Transducers
Monitor Racks
Software
Computer
Transducer input from plant machinery is provided to channels within the 3500 monitor
rack. This machinery data is collected, compared to alarm set-points and sent from the
monitor rack to one or more of the following locations for processing:
Rack interface module connected to a computer operating the 3500 data acquisition
software
Communications gateway module within the 3500 monitor rack
4 channel relay modules within the 3500 monitor rack
TDIX and DDIX communication processors for machinery diagnostic data access
The 3500 Monitoring System enables operators, vibration specialists, and maintenance
personnel to acquire vibration data at several different locations simultaneously. Data is
displayed in several formats including:
Machine Train Diagrams
Bar graphs
Current Values
Real-time and Historical Trends
Alarm, System, Computer Lists
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 16 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
A Communication Gateway added to the 3500 Monitor Rack provides formatted data to
other control systems. It also enables the rack to accept monitoring instructions from other
products.
Major Components
Components for the 3500 Monitoring System will vary depending on the type of installation
but every system will include at least one 3500 Monitor Rack, a computer, and software.
Each 3500 Monitor Rack has 16 slots that may be filled with front panel modules as shown:
There are six types of modules which may be inserted into the front of a 3500 Monitor Rack:
Power Supplies
Power supplies occupy the left-most slot (slot 0) of a 3500 Monitor Rack. One or two supplies
(both AC and DC) may be installed in each rack. With two supplies connected to separate
power sources, one will act as a backup, guaranteeing uninterrupted machinery monitoring
in the event of a power loss.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 17 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Monitor Modules
Monitor modules accept one or more channel inputs from various transducers. Depending
on the monitor module, the channels may be configured as one of many traditional monitor
types, such as Radial Vibration, Thrust, Eccentricity, and Aeroderivative.
Key-Phasor Modules
Key-phasor modules are half-size, and each contains inputs for two key-phasor transducers.
Two of these modules may be inserted into a single 3500 Monitor Rack.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 18 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Configuration Computers
Configuration computers can be connected directly to the front or back of the 3500 Monitor
Rack. Configuration includes transferring the following parameters from the computer to the
rack:
Alarm set points
Monitor type
Transducer type
Scale factor
Units
Relay logic
Data acquisition computers connect directly to the rack(s) to continuously retrieve and trend
machinery data.
Operator display computers are used to present machinery data on the computer screen or
printer device. Data displays include trend plotting, bar graphs, current values, and machine
train diagrams. All of these functions may be performed by a single computer or by several
computers communicating with each other.
There are three software packages available with the 3500 Monitoring System:
Rack Configuration
Data Acquisition/DDE Server
Operator Display
Upon installation, all software packages build a Windows style group display within your
Program Manager.
Rack configuration software specifies the operating parameters of the 3500 Monitor Racks.
Rack Configuration Software can operate on any approved computer whether or not it is
connected to a rack. You could configure and store the configurations for several racks in a
computer and download this information to the racks at a later time.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 19 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Data acquisition software and DDE server software collects machinery data from 3500
Monitor Racks. Once installed, this software operates continuously, accessing 3500 Monitor
Racks, retrieving data and making this data available for display and other applications.
Data Acquisition/DDE Server Software has no data displays, nor will it allow you to configure
a 3500 Monitor Rack. After starting the software and verifying it is operational, you can
shrink the software to an icon and use the computer for other functions.
Operator display software lets an operator view the machinery data collected from the 3500
Monitor Racks in the following formats:
Bar graph displays of monitor channel values (amplitude, gap, phase, etc.)
Machine Train Diagrams with corresponding data values
Trend plots (historical and real time)
System Event List
Active Alarm List
Alarm Event List
SPEED SENSING
The LMS100’s speed sensing equipment consists of sensors which sense the speed of the
shafts, and over speed protection modules which monitor turbine speed and provide three
layers of over speed protection.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 20 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
The XN25 speed sensor is a variable reluctance sensor that measures supercore speed, and
is also used for over-speed control. There are two probes per engine, both mounted on the
gearbox where they sense gear speed.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 21 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
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Control System Description Page 22 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
XNSD SENSOR
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Control System Description Page 23 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Vibration
Speed signals are used to provide three layers
Monitor of over speed protection (primary and two
backups).
OVER SPEED
PROTECTION
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 24 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Speed signals from the magnetic speed pickups are sent to two terminal boards, the primary
trip terminal board (TRPA) and the emergency trip terminal board (TREA). The primary trip
terminal board TRPA contains three “PTUR Packs” which receive speed signals from each of
the three turbine shafts. Each PTUR Pack has individual channels for the incoming speed
signals. Primary over speed protection is provided by the “core engine control application
code” which receives its speed signals from these PTUR Packs.
The PTUR Packs also provide the second layer of backup over speed protection by being
capable of voting and generating their own over speed trip signals. The emergency trip
terminal board TREA contains three “PPRO Packs” which also receive speed signals from
each shaft. They are also capable of voting and generating their own trip signals, thereby
providing the third layer of over speed protection. Any of the three over speed protection
methods (application code, PTUR or PPRO) can trip the turbine if an over speed condition is
detected.
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 25 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
HPC HPC HPC HPC Booster- Booster- Booster- Booster- PT-Gen PT- PT- PT-
Core Core Core Core IPT IPT IPT IPT Speed Gen Gen Gen
Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed Speed XNSD Speed Speed Speed
XN25 XN25 XN25 XN25 XN44 XN44 XN44 XN44 XNSD XNSD XNSD
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 26 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
PRINTS
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Control System Description Page 27 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
SPD-015 Rev. 5
Control System Description Page 28 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
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Control System Description Page 29 of 30
GE Power LMS100
Gas Power Systems Operation & Maintenance
Auxiliary Systems
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Control System Description Page 30 of 30