Discussion

In Table 1.1, it shows that with the variation of loading resistor connection,
discrepancy arises within the values of resistance in different resistor in
measurement and computation method. Natural and Instrumental factor might affect
the result of the experiment that shows small discrepancy in their data. Here are
some factors that might affect the result of the experiment:

Measurement Errors
A. Gross Errors – errors due to human mistakes and incorrect adjustment
of the instrument.
B. Systematic Errors – errors due to shortcoming of the instrument used.
1. Instrumental errors – errors due to inaccuracy and precision of
the instrument
2. Limiting errors – are the sum of instrument error
C. Random errors – occurrence of certain unknown and unreliable
changes in the working conditions
D. Absolute errors – physical and noticeable errors during an experiment
E. Relative errors – efficiency, accuracy and precision of the
experimentation procedure.

The most noticeable source of error might be the systematic error due to the
fact that the measured value only shows slight discrepancy and when we checked
some of the equipment, they showed different value used in the assumption of
variables in computation.

In Table 1.2, it shows that when is positioned in its 0% adjustment, the

measured resistance is almost zero in value. And as the potentiometer rotated up to

Prepared by: Marc Adrienne G. Marquez

 Discussion
its 100% adjustment, the measured value of resistance spiked up. It shows that the
potentiometer can be used as a voltage divider to obtain a manually adjustable
output voltage at the slider (wiper) from a fixed input voltage applied across the two
ends of the potentiometer. One of the advantages of the potential divider compared
to a variable resistor in series with the source is that, while variable resistors have a
maximum resistance where some current will always flow, dividers are able to vary
the output voltage from maximum to ground (zero volts) as the wiper moves from
one end of the potentiometer to the other. There is, however, always a small amount
of contact resistance. In addition, the load resistance is often not known and
therefore simply placing a variable resistor in series with the load could have a
negligible effect or an excessive effect, depending on the load.

Table 1.3 shows that when the voltage increased, the current also increases
but considering resistance as constant. Therefore, we can say that the relationship
between Voltage, Current and Resistance forms the basis of Ohm’s law. In a linear
circuit of fixed resistance, if we increase the voltage, the current goes up, and similarly,
if we decrease the voltage, the current goes down. This means that if the voltage is
high the current is high, and if the voltage is low the current is low.

Likewise, in Table 1.4 shows that when the resistance increases, the current
decreases considering the voltage is constant. Then its safe to say that if we increase
the resistance, the current goes down for a given voltage and if we decrease the
resistance the current goes up. Which means that if resistance is high current is low
and if resistance is low current is high. Then we can see that current flow around a
circuit is directly proportional ( ∝ ) to voltage, ( V↑ causes I↑ ) but inversely
proportional ( 1/∝ ) to resistance as, ( R↑ causes I↓ ).

Prepared by: Marc Adrienne G. Marquez