DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

“THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM’’

*An Act Strengthening The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management System,

providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Framework, and
Instituitionalizing the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefore and for the other purposes (DRRM Act 2010)

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES

* Institutionalize not personality oriented

* Permanent solution not temporary

* Preemptive evacuation is better than rescue

DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Hazard

* is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social
and economic disruption or environmental damage.

* could be a potentially damaging phenomenon

* it could be natural or human-induced.

examples:

typhoon, extreme rains, earth quake, tsuname, severe flooding, rain caused landslide, rough
seas

2. Exposure

* The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experiece hazard events of different
magnitude.

Elements at Risk

Persons, buildings, crops or other such like societal components exposed to known hazard,
which are likely to be adverserly affected by the impact of the hazard.

3. Vulnerability

*is the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

*this may arise from various physical, social, economic and environmental factors.

Vulnerability has been related to the following factors:

*Social Integration

> Ethnicity >Location >Income

> Age >Status >Education

> Gender >Wealth >Family Type

* Psychological & Physiological

> Locus of control >Individual’s perception >Mobility

> Disability >Lifestyle >Experience

> Coping-Style >Agility

4. Capacity

*is the combination of all strengths and resources availalbe within the community, society or
organization that can reduce the level of risk of effects of a disaster.

* The serious disruption of the functioning of society, causing widespread human, material or
environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected people to cope using their own
resources.

* an event, either man-made or natural, sudden or progressive, causing widespread human,

material or environmental losses

5. Risk

*is the combination of Probability of an event to happen and its negative consequences.

The disaster Management Cycle

Disaster>Response>Rehabilitation>Reconstruction>Development>Prevention>Mitigation>Prep
aredness>Disaster

6. Response

* Actions take immediately follwoing the impact of a disaster when exception measures are
required to meet the basic needs of the survivors.

7. Relief

* Measures that are required in search and rescue of survivors, as well to meet the basic needs
for shelter, water, food and health care.

8. Recovery

* The process undertaken by a disaster affected community to fully restore itself to pre-
disaster level of functioning.

9. Rehabilitation

Actions taken in the aftermath of a disaster to:

*assist victims to repair their dwellings;

*re-establish essential services;

*revive key economic and social activies

10. Reconstruction

Permanent measures to repair or replace damaged dwellings and infrastructure and to set the
economy back on course.

11. Development

Sustained efforts intented to improve or maintain the social and economic well-being of a
community.

12. Prevention

Measures take to avert a disaster from occuring, if possible (to impede a hazard so that it does
not have any harmful effects.)

13. Mitigation

Measures take prior to the impact of a disaster to minimize its effects.

14. Preparedness

Measures taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are
taken in the aftermath.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DM AND DRM?

Disaster Management - a collective term encompassing all aspects of planning for preparing to
disasters. It refers to the management of the consequences of disasters.

Disaster Risk Management - A broad range of activies designed to:

*prevent the loss of lives

*minimize human suffering

*inform the public and authorities of risk

*minimize property damage and economic loss

*speed up the recovery process

- stress on proactive disaster management responses of prevention, mitigation and

preparedness