UNIT I SYSTEM AND REPRESENTATION

Part A
1. What is a control system?
A system consists of a number of components connected together to perform a specific
function. In a system when the output quantity is controlled by varying the input quantity
then the system is called control system.

2. What is feedback? What type of feedback is employed in control system?

The feedback is a control action in which the output is sampled and a proportional signal is
given to the input for automatic correction of any changes in desired output. Negative
feedback is employed in the control system.

3. Why negative feedback is invariably preferred in a closed loop system?

The negative feedback results in better stability in steady state and rejects any disturbance
signals.

4. State the principle of Superposition.

The principle of superposition and homogeneity states that if the system has responses c1(t)
and c2(t) for the inputs r1(t) and r2(t) respectively then the system response to the
combination of these input a1r1(t) + a2r2(t) is given by linear combination of the individual
outputs a1c1(t) + a2c2(t), where a1 and a2 are constants.

5. Write the force balance equation of ideal dashpot.

F = B dx/dt

6. Write the force balance equation of ideal spring.

F = kx

7. Write the force balance equation for ideal mass element.

F = M d2x/dt2

8.Define open loop system with an example.

The control system in which the output quantity has no effect upon the input quantity is called open
loop control system. This means that the output is not feedback to the input for correction. Eg. A
temperature control system.

9.Define closed loop system with an example.

The control system in which the output has an effect upon the input quantity so as to maintain the
desired output value is called closed loop control system. Eg A numerical control system.

10. Distinguish between open and closed loop system.

Open loop system Closed loop system

1. Inaccurate Accurate
2. Simple and economical Complex and costlier
 3. The changes in output due to The changes in output due to external
external disturbance are not disturbances are corrected
corrected automatically
4. They are generally stable
Great efforts are needed to design a
stable system

11.What is a block diagram? What are the basic components of a block diagram?

A block diagram of a system is a pictorial representation of the functions performed by each component
of the system and shows the flow of signals. The basic elements of block diagram are block, branch
point and summing point.

PART B

1. Determine the transfer function X1(S) / F(S) and X2(S) / F(S) of the mechanical system
shown in figure.
2.Explain the rules for the reduction of block diagram with neat diagram.
3.Obtain the closed loop transfer function C(S) / R(S) of the system whose block diagram is
shown in figure using block diagram reduction technique.
4.Convert the mechanical system into Electrical Equivalent system shown in figure.

(Refer our Class Notes)