maging dependent sakanila; gawi ng mga

mananakop ang indolence

– Life and Works of Rizal should Kasaysayang Kasaysayang Panlipunan

Kasaysayang
Politikal Pang-ekonomik
be included in all curricula of all schools, colleges and
universities, public or private
Kasaysayang Kultural
Jose P. Laurel and Claro M. Recto

- Wanted to instill a sense of nationalism

th
- Open the eyes of Filipinos to see the cruelty of “The long 19 Century”
the Spanish friars
- So many events occurred
Nationalism and Education – education is linked to - Revolution
- Life of Rizal
the development of nation-states in liberal
- Declaration of independence (Emilio Aguinaldo)
democracies

 Dependency Theory
 Social Studies - Pinalawig ni Andre Gunder Frank
- Aims to promote social understanding and - Ugnayang core-periphery sa aspetong political at
civic efficiency on the part of students who are pang ekonomiko
going to take the office of citizenship  Kalakalang Galyon
 History - Nasa unti-unting paghina at pagkalansag (1830)
- Should teach students how to approach and o Galyon Trade – greatest economic
use historical information critically from disaster
 Products sank to the bottom of
multiple perceptions
the seas
National Heroes – they are incarnations of the nation  Opened the doors for world trade
 Monopolyo ng ilang pangunahing produktong
meeting a psychological need for identification with
agricultural
people one admires and helping to provide a sense of - Nagiisa ang nagmamanage ng lahat
community in the process - Tabako sa Cagayan at abaca sa Bicol
 Pagpasok ng mga korporasyong Ingles at
Amerikano
o Russel and Sturgis Company
1. Noli Me Tangere o Peele and Hubble
2. El Filibusterismo o Ker and Company
3. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas o Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation
4. Dentio de cien anos o Polisya ng British consulate sa
5. La Indolencia de los Filipinos – idleness of pamamagitan ni Nicolas Loney
Filipinos; but we were not really lazy, we only
inherited this trait from the Spaniards Catologo de Apellidos (1849)

- Paglakas ng mga Tsino at Espanyol na mestizo o

criollo.
1. Anti-klerikong pananaw – regarding Spanish
liturgists who are abusive
2. Panlipunang katawiran at kaunlaran –
believed that the country could progress 1. Pamilihan
3. Liberalismo – openness to new ideas - Ang pagmamayari ay nasa istruktura ng contratista
4. Repormang Politikal at Pang-ekonomiya (mangangalakal)
5. Panloob na Muling Pagsilang – we Filipinos - Karaniwang nasa tabi ng ilog kung saan
are confused and destructed and we don’t karaniwang nanggagaling ang mga kalakal
know where we really came from - Bukas ang mga tiangge pag sarado ang main
6. Diskursong Kolonyal – ideya ng kasaysayan; market
isang destructed na nakaraan – pinigilan ng 2. Transportasyon
mga Espanyol ang mga tradisyon at values - Isang contratista ang mag hahawak sa mga kalesa
kaya nawalan tayo ng sense of pride o karwahe
7. Ang Tamad at Indolent na Indio – Espanyol: 3. Haciendas at Pastos
paurong na estado at eksploytasyon; - Kontrolado ng mga kongregasyong relihiyoso at
ginagawang tamad ang mamamayan para mga mestizos
 4. Libangan
- Sabong, tabako at opyo, loteriya, alak, sugal
(baraha at mahjong)  PRIOMORDIALISM
 MODERNITY
Kalamidad
 CONTRUCTIVIST APPROACH
- Nanalig sa Diyos upang maligtas
- Proseso mula sa teoratiko tungong siyentipiko

Epidemya  Execution of Gomburza

 El Fili and Noli Me Tangere
- Ketong, Kolera, Malaria, Beri-beri
 KKK
Prostitutes  Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Mayroong lisensya
- Karaniwang tagapaghatid ng sakit na syphilis
– nation building
- Hospicio de San Jose, Nueva Quipuzca, Isla
Balabac – lugar na pinagdadalhan ng mga nahuhuli
• Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Virgilio Enriquez)

• Bagong kasaysayan

• Pantayong Pananaw (Zeus Salazar)

  Rizal’s death became an important turning

- A group of people who hold a sense of point in Philippine revolution
unity and common consciousness.  Rizalistas – organization for Rizal
- Human unity  Jove Rex Al, latin name of Jose Rizal
- Territory is not essential according to Rizalista:
- Emotional unity o Jove - God
- Nation is nation o Rex - of
- More stable o Al - all
- Moral and spiritual force  Rizal was known as God, King of All
 Rizalista groups have risen in some part of the
 country after Rizal’s death in 1896.
- Population, territory, government and
Apolinario de la Cruz (1815-1845)
sovereignty
- Political organization  Founded the religous confraternity Confradia
- Territory de San Jose was also considered as “Tagalog
- Sovereignty Christ”
- Multi-nation
- State dies Felipe Salvador (1870-1912)
- Police power
 Also known as Apo Ipe founded Messeniac
society Santa Iglesia considered as “Filipino
Christ and King of the Philippines”
 Fusion of the elements of the nation
(people/community) and the state Miguel De Unamuno (1907)
(territory).
 Gave Rizal title as " Tagalog Christ"
 Started in Europe, began with Peace of
Westphalia
 State into a Nation-state
 Nation into a Nation-state
 Decolonization and nation-building  August 3,1902 - Earliest record about Rizal
 Secession being declared as a saint

 September 24,1903 - Jose Rizal and the three

priest (GomBurZa) were canonized

1. Adarnista or Iglesiang Pilipina,
Founder: Candida Balantac
- started preaching in
Bangat La Union on 1901, then later on
Pangasinan and Tarlac.
2. Sambahang Rizal
Founder: Basilio Aromin
- Started preaching in Nueva Ecija on 1918
- Established to honor Rizal who was sent
by Bathala to redeem the Filipino race
3. Suprema dela Iglesia dela Ciudad Mistica
de Dios
Founder: Maria Bernarda
- raised on 1952
- Jesus Christ work is still unfinished and
will be continued by Dr. Jose Rizal
4. Iglesia Samahan ng Watawat ng Lahi
Founder: Arsenio De Guzman
- Rizal was Christ and the messenger of
God. Later on, the word Samahan was
changed to Iglesia to avoid suspicion by
the Japanese.
- It was divided into 3 factions:
 Watawat ng Lahi
 Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi
 Iglesia ng Lipi ni Gat Dr. Jose
Rizal
Short background about Rizal:
 Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 in the
town of Calamba, province of Laguna. The
wonders of creation that surrounded Rizal
made him love nature at an early age.
 Lived in a region that is known for its
agricultural prosperity and abundant variety of
tropical fruits
 In his student memoirs show how his love of
nature influenced his appreciation of the arts
and sciences. (Mt. Makiling and Laguna de
Bay)
Rizal’s Family
 Francisco Engracio Mercado (Rizal’s father)
was a wealthy farmer who leased lands from
the Dominican friars.
Great Great grandparents:
 Lam-co
o was baptized in Binondo, adopting
“Domingo” as his first name.
o Said to have come from the district of
Fujian in Southern China then
migrated to the PH in tha late 1600’s
 Ines de la Rosa
o then settled in the estate of San
Isidro Labrador, owned by the
Dominicans.
o Ines came from a known
entrepreneurial family in Binondo
 Domingo and Ines then had a son whom they
named Francisco Mercado (Mercado means
“market”, which was a common surname
adopted by many Chinese merchants).
Great Grandparents:
 Francisco Mercado
o became one of the richest in Binan
and owned the largest herd of
carabaos.
o He was active in local politics (elected
as capitan del pueblo in 1783).
 Capitan del pueblo – leader of
a town
 Cirila Bernacha
 They had a son named Juan Mercado (elected
as capitan del pueblo in 1808, 1813 and
1823). He was one of the greatest landowners
of Binan.
Grandparents:
 Juan Mercado married Cirila Alejandra and
had 13 children, including Francisco Engracio
Mercado, the father of Jose Rizal.
Parents:
 Franciso Engracio Mercado
o added the surname Rizal from the
word “ricial” meaning “green field”
o Followed Governor Narcisso
Claveria’s decree in 1849 which
ordered the Filipinos to adopt Spanish
surnames. He added this surname
because he settled in Calamba as a
farmer growing sugar can, rice and
indigo.
o Had a good education that started in a
Latin School in Binan then later
attended the College of San Jose in
Manila
  Teodora Alonso
o Teodora was a member of the
Spanish Cortes and was educated at
the College of Sta. Rosa
o Franciso and Teodora’s family
became a prominent member of the
principalia class in the town of
Calamba.
o Rizal described Teodora as a “woman
more than ordinary culture” and that
she is “a mathematician and has read
many books”
o Rizal looked up to his mother since
she is his first teacher and taught him
a lot of things
o They lived a prosperous and
harmonious life
Rafael Palma, one of the first biographers of Jose
Rizal, described the family’s house.
“The house was high and even sumptuous, a
solid and massive earthquake proof structure
with sliding shell windows. Thick walls of lime
and stone bounded the first floor, the second
floor was made entirely of wood except for the
roof, which was of red tile, in the style of the
buildings in Manila that time. Francisco himself
selected the hardest woods from the forest
and had them sawed; it took him more than 2
years to construct the house. At the back,
there was an azotea and a wide, deep cistern
to hold rain water for home use.”
1. Saturnina (1850 – 1913) – the eldest, married
Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanauan, Batangas
2. Paciano (1851 – 1930) – Rizal’s second
father; joined the Revolution after his brother’s
execution
3. Narcissa (1852 – 1939) – married Antonio
Lopez, a school teacher of Morong, Rizal
4. Olympia (1855 – 1919) – married Silvestre
Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila
5. Lucia (1857 – 1919) – married Mariano
Herbosa
6. Maria (1859 – 1945) – married Daniel
Faustino Cruz of Binan
7. Concepcion (1862 – 1865) – died at the age
of 3 which caused Rizal’s first sorrow in life
8. Josefa (1865 – 1945) – did not marry, died an
old maid at the age of 80
9. Trinidad (1868 – 1951) – died an old maid at
the age of 83
10. Soledad (1870 – 1929) – youngest, married
Pantaleon Quintero
Paciano Rizal
 Paciano, Rizal’s only brother, became Rizal’s
second father. Rizal respected him and valued
all his advice.
 Paciano accompanied Rizal when he first went
to school and he convinced Rizal to pursue his
studies in Europe.
 Paciano had his college education in Manila
but later decided to join the Katipunan.
 After the revolution, Paciano returned to his
home in Los Banos and led a quiet life until his
death in 1930.
 Rizal had good memories of childhood in
Calamba.
o His family prayed together during the
Angelus (a Catholic devotion
commemorating the incarnation)
o Spent time in their garden and
exchanged stories. And through that
garden, he appreciated nature a lot
more.
o Showed great interest in reading
books. He spent most of his time
staying in their family library. (at the
age of 5, he was able to read the
Spanish family bible.)
 Due to his poor health condition, Rizal had a
personal servant.
o His servant told him legends and
fairy tales, that’s why he became
interested with myths and folklore
 First teacher – Dona Teodora
o Taught Rizal how to pray, taught
him Spanish and corrected the
poems he composed
o Induced Rizal to love arts,
literature and the classics
o Dona Teodora noticed Rizal’s
undeniable skills that’s why she
decided to give Rizal a private
tutor. Rizal experienced education
under private tutors (Maestro
Celestino, Maestro Lucas Padua,
Leon Monroy)
 Leon Monroy – refined Rizal’s skills in basic
Latin, reading and writing. This prepared Rizal
in his formal schooling.
 At the age of 9, Rizal left Calamba with his
brother, Paciano, to study in Binan. • Before
leaving, Paciano introduced Rizal to the
teacher, Justiniano Aquino Cruz.

 Every day, he would wake up early and either
hear mass at 4 o’clock in the morning or study
his lessons first before going to mass.
 After mass, he’d go home, have breakfast,
then go to school.
 He’d get dismissed at 10 am in the morning,
have lunch, go back to school at 2pm, then get
dismissed at 5pm. The class, as described by
Rizal, was in a nipa house, about 30 meters
away from his aunt’s house.
 He would pray with his cousins at 6 o’clock
and then study for a while before going to
sleep.
 In Binan, he excelled in Latin and Spanish.
 He also had painting lessons under Maestro
Cruz’s father in law, Juancho.
o Juancho gave Rizal free painting and
drawing lessons.
 After receiving a letter from his sister,
Saturnina, Rizal returned to Calamba on
December 17, 1870 after one and a half year
of studying in Binan.
o Saturnina’s letter was about the arrival
of the Steamer Talim which would
take him from Binan to Calamba. Rizal
was accompanied by Arturo Camps, a
Frenchman and a friend of his father.
 4 months after the execution of GOMBURZA
and his mothers’ in prison, he was sent to
Manila (not yet celebrated his 11th birthday)
- Rizal was sent to Ateneo Municipal by his
father for a 6-year program BA/
accompanied by Paciano.
- Rizal instead Jose Mercado, advised by
Paciano, feared that he might run into
trouble because Paciano was close to
father Burgos
- Took entrance exam on Christian
Doctrine, arithmetic and reading at the
College of San Juan de Letran and passed
it
- His father wished him to study at Letran
but changed his mind and decided to send
him to Ateneo
Fr. Margin Fernando
 College Registrar, refused to admit him
because of (1) late registered (2) sickly and
undersized for his age
Manuel Xerez Burgos (nephew of Father Burgos)
 intercedes, so Rizal was reluctantly admitted
to Ateneo
(located in Intramuros w/in
the walls of Manila)
 Ateneo, from the Greek Word “Athena” means
goddess of wisdom
 Located at Intramuros
 College under the supervision of the Spanish
Jesuits (Jesuits had been expelled from the
Ph. In 1768, returned to Manila in 1859)
 Bitter rivals of the Dominican owned -
College of San Juan de Letran (charity school,
for poor boys, established by city government
1817)
 Known to offer the best education for boys
 Known for its rigid discipline and religious
instruction that trained student’s character
 More advance than other colleges
 Promoted physical culture, humanities and
scientific studies
 Aside from BA, it offered vocational courses:
Agri, Commerce, Mechanics, and Surveying
 Students in Ateneo are required to attend
masses before the start of class
 Two groups (groupings were done to
stimulate the spirit of competition
among students)
o Roman: students boarding at Ateneo
(red banners) // internos
o Carthaginians: non-boarding
students (blue banners) // externos
 Rankings
o Best student – Emperor
o 2nd – Tribune
o 3rd – Decurion
o 4th – Centurion
o 5th – Stand-bearer

 1st day of class, Rizal 1st heard the mass at
the college chapel and prayed for guidance
and success
 1st boarded at the house outside Intramuros
(Caraballo street, 25 mins walk) // boarding
house owned by Titay; (owed Rizal’s family,
amount of P300)
 Fr. Jose Bech
o 1st professor in Ateneo
o “tall, thin man, body slight bend
forward...”
 Rizal was an externo, assigned in
Carthaginians
 At the end of the month, he became “Emperor”
 To improve Spanish, he took private lessons in
Santa Isabel College during recess (3pesos
per lesson)
 He placed second, “Tribune” at the end of the
year.
 Rizal returned to Calamba for a summer
vacation
 His mother is in prison (Sta. Cruz)
 Saturnina brought him to Tanauan to cheer
him up
 After vacation, he returned to Manila and
boarded inside Intramuros (No.6 Magallanes
Street)
 Donya Pepay
o old widow landlady; had widowed
daughter and 4 sons
o “Trust in the Phil” by Dr. Feodor
Jagor (1) Jagor’s keen observations of
the defects of Spanish colonization
 Prophecized that Spain would lose PH and
America would succeed as colonizer
 Rizal didn’t make it excellent showing in his
studies
 He won only one medal- in Latin
 Failed to win the medal- in Spanish
 “The pride of Jesuits”
 Highest in all subj: Philosophy, Physics,
Biology, Chemistry, Languages, Mineralogy,
etc.
 Became the campus leader: Secretary in
“Marian Congregation” (religious society)
 “Academy of Spanish Lit” and “Academy of
Natural Societies” (exclusive societies in
Ateneo)
 Graduated w/ highest honors; 5 medals
offered to parents
 Agustin Saez – famous Spanish painter
 Romualdo de Jesus – Filipino sculptor
 Tio Manuel – physical training
 Fr. Francisco De Paula Sanchez
o great educator and scholar
o inspired Rizal to study harder and
write poetry

 SCULPTURAL WORKS
o “The Virgin Mary” made in
 He again, became “Emperor”
Batikuling (Phil. Hardwood)
 At the end of the school year, Rizal received
 ANECDOTES ON RIZAL
excellent grades in all subjects & gold medal;
o Felix M. Roxas (Rizal’s
with scholarship honors
schooldays which reveals
 Prophecy of mother’s release. Donya Teodora
hero’s resignation to pain and
told her dream to Rizal the previous night and
forgiveness)
he interpreted it that she would be released in
3 months (and it became true)
 POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO
o Jose likened to the youthful Joseph in
o Mi Primera Inspiracion (My
the Bible in his ability to interpret
1st Inspiration)
dreams
o 1st poem; dedicated
 Teenage interest in reading
to his mother’s
o interested in love stories and romantic
birthday
tales
o wrote it before 14y.o
o “The Count of Mount Cristo” by
Alexander Dumas (1st favorite novel)
o “Universal History” by Cesar Cantu
(enable him to win more prizes in
Ateneo
Father Sanchez inspired:
1. Felicitacion
2. The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s fleet
3. And He is Spanish; Elcano, the 1st
Circumnavigate the World
4. The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo
 After finishing BA in Ateneo, Rizal was sent
again by his father to UST. But Donya
Teodora opposed the idea for fear of what had
happened to GOMBURZA, still, Rizal was
enrolled in UST
 Attended the course Philosophy and Letters in
UST, Rizal also took vocational course in
Ateneo, that gave him the title
o “perito agrimensor” (expert
surveyor) on November 25, 1881
 Shifted course to Medicine because of his
mother’s failing eyesight
 Rizal’s academic performance in UST was not
impressive as that in Ateneo. He was good in
medicine but not as gifted as he was in Arts
and Letters, still he was one of the Seven
Students who remained in the course in his
last year in UST out of 24. (Jose 2011)
 Rizal and Paciano made a secret pact. He
would go to Europe to complete his medical
studies and prepare himself for the great task
of liberating the country from Spanish
colonizers
 May 3 1882 – He left the Philippines for Spain.
- He was 20 years old, he loved to interact
with foreign nationals. He made a sketch
of the people and things that he saw
during his travels.
 June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached Barcelona and
met his classmates in Ateneo. At a coffee
house in Plaza de Cataluña, they held a
welcome party for Rizal It is where Rizal wrote
the essay entitled “El Amor Patrio” Love of
Country. This essay was published on August
20, 1882 in Diariong Tagalog = used the pen
name Laong Laan.
 November 3, 1882 – He moved to Madrid and
he enrolled in Medicine and Philosophy and
Letters at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
(summer vacation).
- He also took painting and sculpture
lessons at the Academia de San Fernando
and classes in French, English, German at
the Madrid Ateneo.
- He also managed to enroll in Fencing
class at the schools of Sanz and
Carbonell.
 January 1883 – he wrote to his family “ I am
now studying Italian and have made a bet that
I shall be able to speak it in two months.”
 June 1884 – He was awarded with the degree
and title of Licentiate in Medicine for passing
the medical examinations. He was able to
practice medicine with this title but he wasn’t
able to finish it because he failed to pay the
fee to defend his thesis.
- This time, his family faced financial
problems brought about by low crop
production because of drought and locusts
and there were delays in his monthly
allowance from the Philippines.
 June 19, 1885 - He obtained the degree
Licenciado en Filosofia y Letras( Licentiate in
Philosophy and Letters) from the Universidad
Central de Madrid with a rating of
sobresaliente = outstanding
- Filipinos in Madrid = ilustrados
(enlightened ones) Circulo Hispano-
Filipino formed informal programs with
activities like Poetry-reading and debates.
So Rizal was asked to write a poem and
he wrote Mi Piden Versos (They Ask Me
for Verses).
 April 1882 – Circulo Hispano-Filipino
established in 1882 by a group of Filipino
students in Madrid led by Juan Atayde, retired
army officer and Philippine born Spaniard.
 January 2, 1884 – In Madrid , Rizal proposed
the writing of a novel about the Philippine
society. (in the house of Pedro Paterno –his
fellow Filipinos agreed to help him but did not
write anything so he drafted it alone. It is in
Madrid where he wrote the first half of Noli Me
Tangere.
- Rizal was exposed to liberal ideas through
the masons he met. He was impressed
about a Mason’s knowledge and
reasoning and how they valued
brotherhood. He joined Masonry and
became as Master Mason at the Lodge
Solidaridad on November 15, 1890.
Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – the former city /mayor of
Manila under the term of Governor-General Carlos
Maria de la Torre
Filipinos often visit him and Rizal joined where he met
Don pablo’s daughter whom he was attracted to but he
did not do anything because he was committed to
Leonor Rivera
Eduardo de Lete - Rizal’s friend was also in love with
Consuelo but did not want to ruin their friendship. 1883
Rizal wrote a poem for Consuelo entitled “A Senorita
C. O. y R.”
Rizal specified in Ophthalmology and trained under
leading ophthalmologist in Europe – Dr. Louis de
Weckert of Paris for whom he worked as an assistant
from October 1885 to March 1886.
In 1886, Germany worked with another expert Dr.
Javier Galezowsky and Dr. Schwiegger in 1887.
During his stay, he befriended some scholars –
Fredrich Ratzel, a German historian
He met Feodor Jagor and Hans Virchow-
anthropologists on Philippine culture through his friend,
Ferdinand Blumentritt.
He mastered German language and wrote a paper
entitled “Tagalische Verkunst” (Tagalog Metrical Art).
He translated Schiller’s William Tell into Tagalog in
1886.
Berlin - where he finished Noli Me Tangere
- It was published on March 21, 1887 with
financial help from Maximo Viola.
After 5 years in Europe, he went home on August 8,
1887.
He enjoyed with family and opened a medical clinic
and curing the sick. He was known as Doctor
Ulimanas he was mistaken for a German. His vacation
was short because of friars who had a negative view
about his novel Noli Me Tangere. He left the country
again on February 16,1888.
 He became more active in the Propaganda
Movement with fellow Ilustrados like Marcelo
H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio
Luna, Mariano Ponce, and Trinidad Pardo de
Tavera.
Reforms/ Changes in Propaganda Movement:
1. For the Philippines to be made a
province of Spain so that Native
Filipinos would have equal rights
accorded to Spaniards
2. Representation of the Philippines in the
Spanish Cortes
3. Secularization of parishes
Rizal became preoccupied with writing articles and
essays published by Propaganda Movement’s
newspaper, La Solidaridad.
Intellectual works:
 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (1890)-
annotation of Antoonio de Morga
 Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (On the
Indolence of the Filipinos) - Essay attributed
the Filipinos published in 1890.
 Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos (The
Philippines a Century Hence) - essay for
reforms published in parts from 1889 to 1890.
By July 1891 in Brussels – El Filibusterismo was
completed, published on September 18,1891 through
the help of Valentin Ventura.
In 1892, Rizal decided to return to the Philippines
thinking that the real struggle was in his homeland.
He arrived in the Philippines on June 26, 1892. He
immediately visited his friends in Central Luzon and
encouraged them to join the La Liga Filipina, a socio-
civic organization that Rizal established on July 3,
1892.
After Liga’s formation, he was arrested and brought to
Fort Santiago on July 6, 1892. He was charged with
bringing with him from Hong Kong leaflets entitled
Pobres Frailes (Poor Friars) – satire against the rich
Dominican friars and their accumulation of wealth
which was against their vow of poverty. In spite of his
protests and denial of having those materials, Rizal
was exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao.
1892 – 1896)
 Dapitan was Rizal’s home, where in he
practiced medicine, pursue scientific studies,
and continue his artistic sculpture, painting,
sketching and poetry
 He established school for boys and promoted
community development projects
 Studied Malayan language and other
Philippine languages and engage himself in
farming and commerce and invented a
wooden machine for making bricks
July 17, 1892
 Arrived at Dapitan on board, the streamer of
Cebu (Dapitan: now a city w/in Zamboanga del
Norte)
 Headed by Captain Ricardo Carnicero, who
became friend of Rizal. He gave him the
 permission to explore the place and required
him to report once a week in his office
September 21, 1892
 Rizal won a second prize in lottery together
with Ricardo Carnicero and another
Spaniard. He shares amounted to 6,200
pesos. A portion of Rizal’s winnings was used
in purchasing land approximately one
kilometer away from Dapitan in a place known
as Talisay. He built his house on the seashore
of Talisay as well as school and a hospital
within the area.
December 19, 1893
 Wrote a letter to Blumentritt, describing his
daily activity in Dapitan
 He wants to improve and beautify Dapitan. He
made a big relief map of Mindanao and use it
to teach geography. Using the map, he
discussed to the town people the position of
Dapitan in relation to other places in Mindanao
 Assisted by his pupils, Rizal also constructed a
water system to supply the town with water for
drinking and irrigation. He also helped the
people in putting up lampposts at every corner
of the town
 Ophthalmologists. George Tauffer,
Josephine Bracken’s father, suffers from an
eye ailment who traveled from Hong Kong to
Dapitan; The two lived in the octagonal house
after being denied the sacrament of marriage
by Fr. Obach (Parish Priest of Dapitan). Due to
Rizal’s refusal to retract his statements against
the church and to accept other conditions
Eve of June 21, 1896
 Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Rizal in Dapitan.
Informed him about the founding of Katipunan
and planned revolution, Rizal objected to it.
 Meanwhile, Rizal had been sending letters to
the Governor-General Ramon Blanca, one in
1894-1895, he asked for a review of his case.
If his request would not be granted, he would
volunteer to serve as a surgeon under the
Spanish army fighting in the Cuban Revolution
July 30, 1896
 Rizal’s request to Cuba was approved, next
day he left for Manila on board the streamer
Espanya.
September 3, 1896
 He boarded streamer Isla de Panay w/c would
bring him to Barcelona
 Upon arriving at the fort, however, Governor-
General Despujol told him that there was an
order to ship him back to Manila
November 3, 1896
 He arrived in Manila and was immediately
brought to Fort Santiago
November 20, 1896
 The Preliminary Investigation of Rizal’s case
began
 Accused of being the main organizer of the
revolution by having proliferated the ideas of
rebellion and of founding illegal organization
 He pleaded not guilty and wrote a manifesto
appealing to the revolutionaries to discontinue
the uprising
 Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade
o Rizal’s lawyer; tried his best to save
Rizal
December 26, 1896
 Trial ended, and the sentence was read. Rizal
was found guilty and sentenced to death by
firing squad
December 28, 1896
 Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja
signed the court decision. He later decreed
that Rizal would be executed by firing squad at
7:00AM of December 30.
 On his last remaining days, he composed his
longest poem, Mi Ultimo Adios (farewell to
the Filipino people)
December 29, 1896
 His mother and sisters visited him; Rizal gave
away his remaining possession
 Sister Trinidad handed his lamp and say,
“There is something inside.” The copy of
Rizal’s last poem
December 30, 1896
 6:30AM. Rizal in black suit with his arms tied
behind his back, walked to Bagumbayan
 “Consummation est!” It is finished!
 The orders were given, and shots were fired.
Rizal died offering his life for his country and
its freedom.