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Copy Of Determination Of The Contents Of Cold Drinks

1. 1. CHEMISTRY PROJECT On Determination Of The Contents Of Cold Drinks PROJECT PREPARED BY: • HimansHu sagar • Xii-C • session : 2009-2010 • roll
number : 18 Project by Himanshu Sagar
2. 2. • summer Fields sCHool; KailasH Colony AIM COMPARITIVE STUDY AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT Project by Himanshu Sagar
3. 3. BRANDS OF COLD DRINKS AVAILABLE IN MARKET. CERTIFICATE This is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine investigation work has been
carried out to investigate about the subject matter and the related data collection and investigation has been completed solely, sincerely Project by Himanshu Sagar
4. 4. and satisfactorily by Himanshu Sagar of class XII-C of Summer Fields School; Kailash Colony regarding his project titled “Determination of the Contents of
Cold Drinks”. Teacher’s Signature ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It would be my utmost pleasure to express my sincere thanks to My Chemistry Teacher Mr. RL Vij sir
in providing a helping hand in this project. Their Project by Himanshu Sagar
5. 5. valuable guidance, support and supervision all through this project titled “Determination of the Contents of Cold Drinks”, are responsible for attaining its present
form. HIMANSHU SAGAR XII-C PURPOSE In recent days, soft drink brands were put into various questions regarding their purity. News flashed that they
contain harmful pesticide, which arouse many interest in knowing its contents Project by Himanshu Sagar
6. 6. because I have been drinking them for years. I wanted to confirm that whether the charge imposed on these brands are true or not. Another fact which inspired me
to do this project is that I am in touch with qualitative analysis whose knowledge with other factors helped me to do so. CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Theory III.
Apparatus Project by Himanshu Sagar
7. 7. IV. Chemicals Required V. Detection of pH VI. Test for Carbon Dioxide VII. Test for Glucose VIII. Test for Phosphate IX. Test for Alcohol X. Test for Sucrose
XI. Result XII. Conclusion Project by Himanshu Sagar
8. 8. INTRODUCTION The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the industrialization in India marked its beginning with launching of Limca and Goldspot by parley
group of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was highly profitable and luring, many multinational companies launched their brands in India like Pepsi
and Coke. Now days, it is observed in general that majority of people viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give feeling of lightness, while Pepsi and Thumps Up
to activate pulse and brain. THEORY Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol, carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks
give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is Project by Himanshu Sagar
9. 9. liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth on shaking the bottle. The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic
acid which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy to our body. General
formula of carbohydrates is CX (H2O)Y. On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classified as:- Monosaccharide, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.
Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 .It occurs in Free State in the ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present in human
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11/1/2019 Copy Of Determination Of The Contents Of Cold Drinks
blood to the extent of about 0.1%. Sucrose is one of the most useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds and also in
flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The
molecular formula of sucrose is C12H22O11. It is produced by a mixture of glucose and fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing. Cold
drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured by finding their pH value. The pH values also depend upon the acidic contents such as citric acid
and phosphoric acid. APPARATUS Test Tube Test Tube Holder Project by Himanshu Sagar
10. 10. Test Tube Stand Stop Watch Beaker Burner pH Paper Tripod Stand China Dish Wire Gauge Water Bath CHEMICALS REQUIRED Project
by Himanshu Sagar
11. 11. Iodine Solution Potassium Iodine Sodium Hydroxide Fehling’s A & B Solution Lime Water Concentrated HNO3 Benedict Solution
Ammonium Molybdate deTeCTion oF PH EXPERIMENT: Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and put on the pH paper. The
change in the color of pH paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH scale. Project by Himanshu Sagar
12. 12. OBSERVATION: NAME OF THE COLOUR SR. NO. pH VALUE DRINK CHANGE 1 COCA COLA PINK 2.5-3 2 SPRITE RED 3 3 LIMCA PINKISH 4 4
FANTA LIGHT ORANGE 3-4 INFERENCE: Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drink of
different brands are different due to the variation in amount of acidic contents. TEST FOR CARBON DIOXIDE EXPERIMENT: Project by Himanshu Sagar
13. 13. As soon as the bottles were opened, one by one the sample was passed through lime water. The lime water turned milky. OBSERVATON: SR. NAME OF THE
TIME TAKEN CONCLUSION NO. DRINK (SEC.) 1 COCA COLA 26.5 CO2 IS PRESENT 2 SPRITE 21 CO2 IS PRESENT 3 LIMCA 35 CO2 IS PRESENT 4
FANTA 36 CO2 IS PRESENT INFERENCE: All the soft drinks contain dissolved carbon dioxide in water. The carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water to form
carbonic acid, which is responsible for its tangy taste. CHemiCal reaCTion inVolVed: Ca(OH)2(s) + CO2(g) ----------- CaCO3(s) + H2O(s) TEST FOR
GLUCOSE EXPERIMENT Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the following test:- 1. BENEDICTS’S REAGENT TEST:- Project by
Himanshu Sagar
14. 14. Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube was heated for few
seconds. Formation of reddish color confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks. OBSERVATON SR. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION NO.
DRINK REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS 1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE PRESENT REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS 2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE
PRESENT REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS 3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE PRESENT REDDISH COLOUR GLUCOSE IS 4 FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
INFERENCE All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Benedict’s reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose. 2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST Small
samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution was added in equal amount.
The test tube was heated in a water bath for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown precipitate confirmed the presence of glucose in cold drinks. OBSERVATON Project
by Himanshu Sagar
15. 15. SR. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION NO. DRINK REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS 1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE PRESENT REDDISH
BROWN GLUCOSE IS 2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT REDDISH BROWN GLUCOSE IS 3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE PRESENT REDDISH BROWN
GLUCOSE IS 4 FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT INFERENCE All the samples gave positive test for glucose with Fehling’s (A & B) solutions. Hence all the
cold drinks contain glucose. TEST FOR PHOSPHATE EXPERIMENT Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes and
Ammonium Molybdate followed by concentrated Nitric Acid (HNO3) was added to it. The solution was heated. Appearance of canary-yellow precipitate confirmed
the presence of phosphate ions in cold drinks. Project by Himanshu Sagar
16. 16. OBSERVATON SR. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION NO. THE DRINK CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS 1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE
PRESENT CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS 2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS 3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE
PRESENT CANARY-YELLOW PHOSPHATE IS 4 FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT INFERENCE All the soft drinks samples gave positive test for phosphate
ions. Hence all the cold drinks contain phosphate. CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED: NaHPO4 + 12(NH4)2MoO4 + 21HNO3 + 3H+ ----------
(NH4)3PO4.12MoO3 + 21HN4NO3 + 12H2O TEST FOR ALCOHOL EXPERIMENT Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in separate test tubes
and Iodine followed by Potassium Iodide and Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution was added to each test tube. Then the test tubes were heated in hot water bath for
30 minutes. Appearance of yellow colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold drinks Project by Himanshu Sagar
17. 17. OBSERVATON SR. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION NO. THE DRINK YELLOW ALCOHOL IS 1 COCA COLA PRECIPITATE PRESENT
YELLOW ALCOHOL IS 2 SPRITE PRECIPITATE PRESENT YELLOW ALCOHOL IS 3 LIMCA PRECIPITATE PRESENT YELLOW ALCOHOL IS 4
FANTA PRECIPITATE PRESENT INFERENCE All the cold drinks samples gave positive test for alcohol. Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose. CHEMICAL
REACTION INVOLVED CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NaOH ------ CHI3 + HCOONa + 5NaI + 5H2O TEST FOR SUCROSE EXPERIMENT 5 ml samples of each
brand of cold drinks were taken in separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until changes occur. Black colored residue left confirmed the presence of
sucrose in cold drinks. Project by Himanshu Sagar
18. 18. OBSERVATON SR. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION NO. THE DRINK SUCROSE IS 1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT SUCROSE
IS 2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT SUCROSE IS 3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT SUCROSE IS 4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE PRESENT
INFERENCE All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But amount of sucrose varies in each brand of drink. Fanta contains highest amount of sucrose.
RESULT After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the different brands of cold drinks namely: Project by Himanshu Sagar
19. 19. 1. Coca Cola 2. Sprite 3. Limca 4. Fanta All contains glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate and carbon dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On
comparing the pH value of different brands Coca Cola is the most acidic and Limca is least acidic of all the four brands taken. CARBON DIOXIDE Among the
four samples of cold drinks taken, Sprite has the maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.
CONCLUSION Project by Himanshu Sagar
20. 20. DIS-ADVANTAGES OF COLD DRINKS 1. Soft drinks are little more harmful than sugar solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which cause
problems in diabetes patients. 2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling. 3. Soft drinks have
ability to dissolve the calcium so they are also harmful for our bones. 4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of 2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in
about 4 days. 5. For transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved for highly consive material. 6. Soft
drinks have also ability to remove blood so they are very harmful to our body. USES OF COLD DRINKS 1. Cold drinks can be used as toilet cleaners. 2. They can
remove rust spots from chrome car humpers. 3. They clean corrosion from car battery terminals. 4. Soft drinks are used as an excellent ‘detergent’ to remove grease
from clothes. 5. They can loose a rusted bolt. BIBLIOGRAPHY Project by Himanshu Sagar
21. 21. COMPREHENSIVE LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY BY- LAXMI PUBLICATIONS LABORATORY MANUAL OF CHEMISTRY BY-
VEENA SURI DINESH COMPANION CHEMISTRY BY- S.K. MALHOTRA WEBSITES — www.icbse.com Project by Himanshu Sagar

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