NASA News

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration
Washington. D C 20546
AC 202 755-8370

For Release IMMEDIATE

Press Kit Project ISEE 3

RELEASE NO: 78-118

Contents

GENERAL RELEASE.................................. 1-8

ISEE 3 SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS.................... 9
ISEE 3 SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS.................... 10-13

MISSION SUPPORT.................................. 14
ISEE PROGRAM MANAGEMENT.......................... 14
DELTA LAUNCH VEHICLE (2914).. .................... 14-15

LAUNCH OPERATIONS................................ 16
LAUNCH SEQUENCE FOR ISEE 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

ISEE 3 TEAM...................................... 18-19

CONTRACTORS...................................... 19

Mailed:
August 4, 1978
Iu/\s/\News
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Washington. D C 20546
AC 202 755-8370

Fc Ir Release
N i c h o l a s Panagakos Immediate
H e a d q u a r t e r s , Washington, D.C.
(Phone : 2 0 2 / 7 55-3680)

J o s e p h McRoberts
Goddard Space F l i g h t C e n t e r , G r e e n b e l t , M d .
(Phone: 301/982-5566)

RELEASE NO: 78-118

T H I R D SUN-EARTH SATELLITE SET FOR LAUNCH

NASA t h i s month f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e w i l l l a u n c h a

s p a c e c r a f t t o t h e Sun-Earth l i b r a t i o n p o i n t -- that point

i n s p a c e where t h e g r a v i t a t i o n a l p u l l of t h e Sun j u s t

b a l a n c e s t h a t of t h e Earth-Moon system -- about 1 . 6

m i l l i o n k i l o m e t e r s (one m i l l i o n m i l e s ) away.

ISEE 3 , t h e t h i r d i n a series of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Sun

E a r t h E x p l o r e r s p a c e c r a f t , w i l l be launched toward t h e

l i b r a t i o n p o i n t a t o p a D e l t a r o c k e t from N A S A ' s Kennedy

Space C e n t e r , F l a . , a b o u t Aug. 12.

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From its vantage point, ISEE 3 will measure the

solar wind constantly emitted by the Sun and other solar
phenomena such as sunspots and solar flares, unperturbed
by the influence of Earth, while I S E E 1 and 2 -- in
looping trajectories around the Earth since last fall --
measure the effect of these phenomena on the near-Earth
environment.

The coordinated effort is expected to result in a

better understanding of how the Sun controls the Earth's
fluctuating near-space environment, and of a variety of
solar-terrestrial phenomena, including weather and climate,
energy production and ozone depletion in the atmosphere.

Because of its unusual trajectory and target position

in space, ISEE 3 must be launched within a five-minute
time period between Aug. 12 and 13 or between Aug. 21 and 25.

Once the 469-kilogram (1,033-pound) spacecraft reaches

the libration point, some 78 days after liftoff, it will be
injected into a "halo" orbit by an onboard hydrazine gas
propellant system. The propellant will not only place the

spacecraft in an orbit in the ecliptic plane (the plane in

which all the planets circle the Sun), 150,000 km (93,200 mi.)
above and below the Sun-Earth line, but it will keep it
pointed properly to carry out its scientific investigations.
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The o r b i t h a s been d e s i g n e d t o p a s s s l i q h t l y above

and below t h e e c l i p t i c p l a n e s o t h a t i t w i l l a v o i d e x c e s s i v e

s o l a r i n t e r f e r e n c e w i t h s p a c e c r a f t communications back
toward E a r t h . T o an E a r t h - b a s e d o b s e r v e r , t h e s p a c e c r a f t

w i l l a p p e a r t o be o r b i t i n g t h e Sun. I n f a c t , it w i l l be
t r a c i n g a h a l o above t h e E a r t h . I t w i l l take approximately

s i x months t o make one r e v o l u t i o n .

The h a l o o r b i t p a t h i s t h e most u n u s u a l e v e r proposed

f o r a NASA s p a c e m i s s i o n . The p l a n t o place I S E E 3 i n

t h i s o r b i t w a s d e v i s e d by D r . Robert W. Farquhar of t h e

Goddard Space F l i g h t C e n t e r i n G r e e n b e l t , Md., who

o r g i n a t e d t h e concept i n h i s d o c t o r a l t h e s i s .

The D e l t a rocket i n i t i a l l y places the s p a c e c r a f t i n a

t r a j e c t o r y aimed a t t h e l i b r a t i o n p o i n t , and i n 20 days

I S E E 3 w i l l be v e r y c l o s e t o t h e h a l o o r b i t a l p o s i t i o n .

But t h e f i n a l i n s e r t i o n i n t o o r b i t w i l l o c c u r a b o u t t h r e e
months l a t e r . During t h e t r a n s f e r phase from E a r t h o r b i t

t o h a l o o r b i t , s e v e r a l u n u s u a l t r a j e c t o r y maneuvers are

r e q u i r e d to a c c u r a t e l y p l a c e t h e s p a c e c r a f t a t t h e

insertion point.

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A f t e r I S E E 3 h a s been p l a c e d i n t o t h e p r o p e r o r b i t ,

small s t a t i o n k e e p i n g maneuvers w i l l t a k e p l a c e a t

irregular intervals. Approximately e i g h t maneuvers p e r

y e a r w i l l be r e q u i r e d of t h e s p a c e c r a f t h y d r a z i n e system

t o maintain t h e s a t e l l i t e ' s equilibrium along t h e o r b i t a l

path. ISEE 3 w i l l c a r r y enough h y d r a z i n e p r o p e l l a n t t o

a s s u r e an o r b i t a l l i f e t i m e of a t l e a s t t h r e e y e a r s .

According t o P r o j e c t Manager J e r e m i a h J . Madden of

Goddard, w h o i s managing t h e I S E E 3 program f o r NASA, t h e

u n u s u a l o r b i t was chosen f o r ISEE 3 "because of t h e

r e l a t i o n s h i p between I S E E 3 and t h e o t h e r two I S E E

s a t e l l i t e s t h a t w e r e launched from Cape C a n a v e r a l l a s t

October. 'I

" I n e f f e c t , " s a y s Madden, "ISEE 3 w i l l b e s o r t of an

e a r l y warning s a t e l l i t e f o r a c t i v i t y on t h e Sun. It w i l l

p i c k up s o l a r wind o r p a r t i c l e s s p e e d i n g away from t h e Sun

a f u l l hour b e f o r e t h e two o t h e r s p a c e c r a f t do so. These

s p a c e c r a f t a r e i n h i g h l y e l l i p t i c a l o r b i t s r a n g i n g from a b o u t

480 km ( 3 0 0 m i . ) t o almost 1 4 4 , 8 0 0 km ( 9 0 , 0 0 0 m i . above E a r t h .

T h i s t e l l s s c i e n t i s t s a l o t a b o u t t h e Sun and how i t changes w i t h

t i m e and d i s t a n c e . I n f a c t , t h i s w i l l be t h e f i r s t t i m e
such c o r r e l a t e d measurements w i l l ever have been

accomplished on a r e g u l a r b a s i s . "

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ISEE 3, in addition to providing a far-out Sun--l;arth

measuring platform, will also be useful for research
activities on the origin of galactic cosmic rays and
recently discovered gamma ray bursts. All three
spacecraft will be closely observing phenomena at
solar maximum for the new 11-year solar cycle which began
in June, 1976.

The three-spacecraft mission involves 117 scientific

investigators representing 35 universities and 10 nations.
ISEE 3 carries 1 3 different scientific instruments, three
of them by foreign investigators in Holland, Germany and
France.

ISEE 1,managed by Goddard, and ISEE 2, managed by the

European Space Agency (ESA), were the first set of
spacecraft designed to be used together to investigate
Earth's immediate space environment.

The use of three spacecraft, separated by a variable

distance, allows scientists to study the boundaries betwee?
interplanetary space and the space controlled by the Earth,
and the nature of fluctuations in the boundaries.

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These b o u n d a r i e s i n c l u d e t h e plasmapause, t h e position a t

which t h e r e i s a d r a m a t i c d r o p i n t h e d e n s i t y of t h e m a g n e t o -

s p h e r e ( t h e magnetic e n v e l o p e which s u r r o u n d s t h e E a r t h ) ;

t h e magnetopause, where t h e magnetic f i e l d of the E a r t h

meets t h a t of t h e s o l a r wind; t h e bow shock, a sort of

bow wave c r e a t e d by t h e motion of t h e s o l a r wind p a s t the

E a r t h , and s e v e r a l l e s s obvious f e a t u r e s of t h e Earth's

magnetic t a i l .

I S E E 3 w i l l o b t a i n n e a r l y c o n t i n u o u s d a t a on t h e

f l u c t u a t i n g s o l a r wind, and on s p e c i a l s o l a r phenomena

such as s o l a r f l a r e s and s u n s p o t s , which are a p p e a r i n g

more f r e q u e n t l y as t h e s o l a r c y c l e moves i n t o its most

active s t a t e .

I n c e r t a i n i n s t a n c e s , t h i s w i l l g i v e s c i e n t i s t s on t h e

ground t i m e t o make i n p u t s t o onboard i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n on

t h e mother-daughter (ISEE 1 and 2 ) s p a c e c r a f t t o look for

c o r r e l a t i n g phenomena. A t t h e same t i m e , sounding r o c k e t s

can be f i r e d from any g l o b a l l o c a t i o n t o i n v e s t i g a t e

:her of o n r u s h i n g s o l a r wind.
asi*->cts

ISEE c o o r d i n a t i o n i s d e s i g n e d t o fit i n t o t h e Inter-

national Magnetospheric Study (IMS) program, a world-

wide t h r e e - y e a r i n v e s t i g a t i o n begun i n 1 9 7 6 .
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As part of this program, ground stations, sounding rockets,

balloons, a i r c r a f t and satellites, including the ISEE

spacecraft, will look at the same phenomenon simultaneously
from different parts of the Earth, including polar areas
and space. Data exchange offices have been established
in Meudon, France and Boulder, COlo. Meanwhile a
sophisticated Satellite Situation Center (SSC) at Goddard
will calculate satellite orbits which will be published
through the Boulder office. The published SSC orbits are
designed for correlation with the various IMS systems to
indicate when spacecraft data are likely to be especially
fruitful.

Although numerous other spacecraft have been separately

probing the magnetosphere since the early 19GOs, the ISEE
satellites carry instrumentation 10 times more sensitive
than previously flown. As a result, much fine detail
essential to understanding the range of Sun-Earth phenomena,
the entire environmental system of Earth and the
interactions between the two is now available for the
first time.

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NASA i s r e s p o n s i b l e for ISEEs 1 and 3 , t h e D e l t a l a u n c h

v e h i c l e , t r a c k i n g and d a t a a c q u i s i t i o n and d a t a p r o c e s s i n g .

ESA i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e I S E E 2 s p a c e c r a f t and i t s

operation.

Goddard w i l l p r o v i d e o r b i t a l computation, a t t i t u d e

d e t e r m i n a t i o n and s p a c e c r a f t c o n t r o l s u p p o r t t o t h e ISEE

m i s s i o n s d u r i n g t h e p l a n n e d t h r e e - y e a r l i f e t i m e of t h e
satellites. ESA, i n c o o r d i n a t i o n w i t h Goddard, i s

r e s p o n s i b l e f o r o p e r a t i n g t h e I S E E 2 s p a c e c r a f t and

s o f t w a r e f o r maneuver d e t e r m i n a t i o n and computation.

ISEE 3 i s based on Goddard d e s i g n s , b u t i t was

f a b r i c a t e d and t e s t e d by F a i r c h i l d Space and E l e c t r o n i c s C o . ,

Germantown, Nd. Most of i t s components e i t h e r w e r e made a t

Goddard o r s u p p l i e d by i n d u s t r i e s and u n i v e r s i t i e s .

Goddard manages t h e D e l t a l a u n c h v e h i c l e program f o r

NASA's O f f i c e of Space T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Systems. McDonnell

Douglas A s t r o n a u t i c s Co., Huntington Beach, C a l i f . , i s

t h e prime c o n t r a c t o r .

(END O F GENE% RELEASE. BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOLLOWS)

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ISEE 3 SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS

Instrument Principal Investigator Affiliation
Solar Wind Plasma S. J. Bame Los Alamos
Scientific Lab.,
Los Alamos, N.M.
Magnetometer E. J. Smith NASA Jet Propulsion
Lab., Pasadena,Calif.
Low Energy Cosmic Ray D. Hovestadt Max Planck
Institute
Garching, Germany
Medium Energy Cosmic Ray T. von Rosenvinge GSFC
High Energy Cosmic Ray H. H. Heckman University of
California
Plasma Waves F. L. Scarf TRW
Redondo Beach,
Calif.
Cosmic Ray Electrons P. Meyer University of
Chicago
Protons R. Hynds Imperial College
of Science and
Technology, London
X-rays and Electrons K. A. Anderson University of
California
Radio Mapping J. L. Steinberg Paris Observatory
Meudon, France

Plasma Composition K. W. Ogilvie GSFC

High Energy Cosmic Ray E. C. Stone California Institute

of Technology,
Pasadena, Calif
Ground Based Solar Studies J. M. Wilcox Stanford University
Palo Alto, Calif.

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I S E E 3 S C I E N T I F I C INSTRUMENTS

S o l a r Wind P l a s m a . This instrument i s designed t o provide

s o l a r wind i o n and e l e c t r o n p a r a m e t e r s on a c o n t i n u o u s b a s i s ,
t o s t u d y t h e o r i g i n and e v o l u t i o n of s t r u c t u r e s i n t h e
i n t e r p l a n e t a r y medium, and t o s t u d y t h e t h e r m a l s t a t e of t h e
i n t e r p l a n e t a r y plasma u n p e r t u r b e d by t h e E a r t h ' s bow shock.
P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r : S . J . B a m e , L o s Alamos S c i e n t i f i c
L a b o r a t o r y , N . M.

Magnetometer. The magnetometer i s used t o s t u d y s o l a r

i n t e r p l a n e t a r y phenomena s u c h as t h e i n f l u e n c e on t h e
i n t e r p l a n e t a r y f i e l d of h e l i o g r a p h i c l a t i t u d e , d i f f e r e n t i a l
s o l a r r o t a t i o n , and c h a n g i n g p h o t o s p h e r i c m a g n e t i c f i e l d s .
The e f f e c t s o f t h e i n t e r p l a n e t a r y f i e l d on t h e E a r t h ' s
magnetosphere -- s u c h a s t h e t r i g g e r i n g o f m a g n e t o s p h e r i c storms--
i s a l s o a major i n t e r e s t . P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r : D r . E . J . Smith,
J e t P r o p u l s i o n L a b o r a t o r y , Pasadena, C a l i f .

Low Energy Cosmic Ray and G a m m a Ray B u r s t . T h i s i n s t r u m e n t

w i l l measure u l t r a low-energy c h a r g e d p a r t i c l e s a c c e l e r a t e d
a t t h e Sun i n t h e E a r t h ' s v i c i n i t y i n t h e i n t e r p l a n e t a r y medium
and beyond t h e s o l a r system. P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r :
D r . D . H o v e s t a d t , Max P l a n c k I n s t i t u t e , G a r c h i n g , Germany.
C o - I n v e s t i g a t o r s : D r . G. G l o e c k l e r and D r . B. Teegarden,
U n i v e r s i t y of Maryland.

Medium Energy C o s m i c Ray. The MECR i n s t r u m e n t w i l l s t u d y t h e

c o m p o s i t i o n of s o l a r cosmic r a y s f r o m hydrogen t h r o u g h i r o n
o v e r an e n e r g y i n t e r v a l from 0 . 5 t o 5 0 0 MeV/nucleon. It w i l l
a l s o s t u d y e l e m e n t a l abundance o f g a l a c t i c cosmic r a y s w i t h
s p e c i a l emphasis on t h e r e g i o n from z = 1 6 - 2 6 and t h e i s o t o p i c
c o m p o s i t i o n from hydrogen t o n i t r o g e n , and w i l l be u s e d t o
o b t a i n a comprehensive u n d e r s t a n d i n g of g a l a c t i c and s o l a r
cosmic r a y s by m e a s u r i n g t h e i r s t r e a m i n g p a t t e r n s o v e r a b r o a d
r a n g e of 0 . 5 t o 1 5 0 MeV. P r i n c i p a l i n v e s t i g a t o r : T . von Rosenvinge
( a l s o P r o j e c t S c i e n t i s t ) GSFC.

High Energy Cosmic Ray. T h i s i n s t r u m e n t w i l l measure t h e

i s o t o p i c c o m p o s i t i o n s i n t h e p r i m a r y cosmic r a y s , hydrogen
t h r o u g h iron-. It h a s unprecedented i s o t o p e r e s o l u t i o n .
P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r : H . H . Heckman, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a .

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P l a s m a Waves ( I S E E 3 ) . I t w i l l s t u d y t h e b e h a v i o r of t h e solar
wind and d e t e r m i n e t h e roles t h a t plasma waves p l a y at
i n t e r p l a n e t a r y d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s ; a l s o p h y s i c a l e f f e c t 8 associated
w i t h w a v e - p a r t i c l e s c a t t e r i n g i n t h e s o l a r wind. Principal
I n v e s t i g a t o r : F. L . S c a r f , TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach,
Calif.

C o s m i c Ray E l e c t r o n I n s t r u m e n t . T h i s i n s t r u m e n t w i l l measure
t h e e n e r g y spectrum of e l e c t r o n s i n t h e r a n g e from 5 t o 4 0 0 MeV.
These p a r t i c l e s a r e known t o o r i g i n a t e i n t h e Sun, come from
J u p i t e r and t h e g a l a x y , w i l l i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e Gamma Ray B u r s t
e x p e r i m e n t (Hovestadt). P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r : P . Meyer,
U n i v e r s i t y of Chicago.

Protons. T h e i n s t r u m e n t w i l l s t u d y t h e t r a n s p o r t of low-energy
s o l a r p r o t o n s t h r o u g h i n t e r p l a n e t a r y s p a c e and t h e i r t r a n s p o r t
from t h e f l a r e s i t e ; t h e c o - r o t a t i n g i n t e r p l a n e t a r y p r o t o n s
streams a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s p e c i f i c s o l a r active r e g i o n s ; t h e
e f f e c t s of shock waves and o t h e r t y p e s of i n t e r p l a n e t a r y
d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s on low-energy p r o t o n p o p u l a t i o n s . Q u i e t - t i m e
l o w e n e r g y p r o t o n s a l s o w i l l be e x p l o r e d . P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r :
D r . R. Hynds, I m p e r i a l C o l l e g e , London.

X-Rays, E l e c t r o n s and G a m m a Ray B u r s t s . T h i s i n s t r u m e n t

c o n s i s t s of two s e p a r a t e s e n s o r systems and t h e i r a s s o c i a t e d
e l e c t r o n i c s . The o b j e c t i v e of t h e X-ray system i s t o s t u d y t h e
t i m e v a r i a t i o n of t h e spectrum o f 6 t o 2 2 8 k e V X-ray e m i s s i o n
from s o l a r f l a r e s w i t h a t i m e r e s o l u t i o n of 1 second. Extremely
s h o r t ( 1 0 s e c o n d s ) b u r s t s of gamma r a y s f r o m beyond t h e s o l a r
system w i l l a l s o b e o b s e r v e d . T h e e l e c t r o n s e n s o r i s d e s i g n e d
t o s t u d y e l e c t r o n s i n t h e e n e r g y r a n g e between s o l a r wind and
g a l a c t i c cosmic r a y s . Between t h e s e t w o p a r t i c l e p o p u l a t i o n s
t h e e n e r g y spectrum, a n i s o t r o p y , and p r o p a g a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
of t h e p a r t i c l e s change d r a s t i c a l l y from b u l k plasma t o single,
p a r t i c l e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . T h i s i n s t r u m e n t w i l l i d e n t i f y and
measure t h e f l u x of e l e c t r o n s from 2 t o 800 k e V . These low
e n e r g y p a r t i c l e s are p a r t i c u l a r l y s e n s i t i v e t o t h e amount of
matter t r a v e r s e d i n terms of e n e r g y loss. Thus t h e y can be used
as probes of t h e s o l a r e l e c t r o n a c c e l e r a t i o n mechanisms and of
t h e e l e c t r o n s t o r a g e and p r o p a g a t i o n p r o c e s s e s i n t h e s o l a r
c o r o n a and i n t e r p l a n e t a r y medium. P r i n c i p a l I n v e s t i g a t o r :
D r . K. A. Anderson, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a . Co-Invwtigator:
D r . W. Evans, Los Alamos S c i e n t i f i c L a b o r a t o r y , L o s Alamos, N.M.

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Radio Mapping. The direction (two angles) of type I11 solar

bursts at several frequencies will be measured. When using a
second spacecraft similarly instrumented or relying on solar
rotation, one can obtain the 3-D map of the magnetic lines of
force which guide the electrons which produce type 111's from
10 solar radii to 1 AU in or out of the ecliptic. Principal
Investigator: J. L. Steinberg, Paris Observatory, Meudon,
France.

Plasma Composition. The relative abundance of ions in the solar

wind at a distance of 1 AU and the relative population of their
charge rates will be measured. The relative abundances are
related to the solar abundances and the charge states to the
coronal temperature structure since the interplanetary medium is
collisionless. The abundance measurements will yield information
about the mechanism of fractionation in the corona and
acceleration into the solar wind; the charge state measurements
will also provide information on the acceleration of heavy ions
from the corona into the solar wind. The "shock piston"
phenomenon will be further explored, and used as an indicator
of the processes in the lower corona. The composition of the
magnetospheric plasma will be simultaneously measured by another
instrument, so that a comparison may make the phenomena governing
the entry of plasma to the magnetosphere clearer. Principal
Investigator: K. W. Ogilvie, Goddard Space Flight Center.

High Energy Cosmic Rays. The isotopic abundances of all elements

from Li ( 1=3) to Ni ( 2 = 2 8 ) and their energy spectra in a range
from several MeV/nucleon to several hundred MeV/nucleon, outside
the Earth's magnetosphere, will be determined. The Heavy Isotope
Spectrometer Telescope (HIST) will determine the isotopic
abundances of solar and galactic cosmic ray nuclei in the 2 to
200 MeV/nucleon energy range for all elements from lithium to
nickle. This unique instrument complements the Hechman experiment.
Principal Investigator: E. C. Stone, California Institute of
Technology.

Ground-Based Solar Studies. Real-time observations of large-

scale solar magnetic and velocity fields made with the Stanford
Solar Telescope will be compared with observations from the
Heliocentric spacecraft. Since the Heliocentric spacecraft will
observe during an appreciable portion of a sunspot cycle, new
observational knowledge of the magnetic aspects of the sunspot
cycle will be gained.

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Since solar flares have been shown to be most likely to occur

near a solar sector boundary, it is very possible that an
understanding of the large-scale solar magnetic field improves
the physical understanding of the flare mechanism and the
causes of solar activity may a l s o improve. The mean solar
field that will be observed with the Stanford Solar Telescope
is usually very similar to the interplanetary magnetic field
observed with spacecraft near the Earth. In particular, when
the polarity of the mean solar field changes sign, a sector
boundary is usually observed near the Earth four or five days
later. This prediction capability could enhance the spacecraft
observations of sector boundaries, and in particular newly
formed boundaries which may contain interesting magnetic loop
structures. In addition, the preference of large solar flares
and shock waves for positions near boundaries can be utilized
in the day-to-day planning of the spacecraft observations. The
Stanford Solar Telescope will a l s o have the capability to ob-
serve the average amplitude of the photospheric velocity fields
within an area near the center of the visible solar disk. Some
theories of the solar wind suggest that the solar wind velocity
should be related to the amplitude of these photospheric velo-
city fields, and therefore, to the flux of wave energy going
up into the corona. Continuous correlative observations over
many solar rotations will be necessary to test these theoretical
ideas. Principal Investigator: Dr. J. Wilcox, Stanford
University.

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MISSION SUPPORT
GODDARD NETWORK SUPPORT
The Goddard Space Flight Tracking and Data Network (STDN) is
responsible for all tracking and data acquisition for the
ISEE 3 spacecraft.
Only three stations (Madrid, Orroral and Goldstone) are
presently planned for use for the ISEE 3 during the orbital
phase where a 26-m (85-ft.) antenna is needed to receive tele-
metry. A data acquisition objective of 90 per cent recovery
of spacecraft data during the 36-month initial mission life is
set as a goal.

ISEE PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

The memorandum of understanding between the European Space
Agency and NASA, dated March 17, 1975, divides the project
responsibilities and provides for an international management
organization. NASA is responsible for the ISEE 1 and 3
spacecraft, Delta launch vehicle, tracking, data acquisition
and data processing. ESA is responsible for the ISEE 2
spacecraft and its operation.
NASA's Office of Space Science is responsible for overall
direction and evaluation of the NASA portion of the program.
The Office of Tracking and Data Acquisition has overall
tracking and data processing responsibility.
Goddard Space Flight Center has management responsibility for
ISEE 3 and is directly responsible for tracking and data
acquisition and data processing.
ISEE 3 is a Goddard-designed spacecraft with all its components
supplied by United States industry. Integration and testing
was done by Fairchild Space & Electronics Co.
Goddard directs the Delta rocket program and McDonnell Douglas
Astronautics Co., Huntington Beach, Calif., is the prime
contractor.

DELTA LAUNCH VEHICLE (2914)

ISEE 3 will be launched by a three-stage Delta 2914 rocket.
The launch vehicle has an overall length of appsoximately
3 5 meters (115 feet) and a maximum body diameter of 2 . 4 m ( 7 . 8 ft.).
A brief description of the vehicle's major characteristics
follow:

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F i r s t Staqe

The f i r s t s t a g e i s a McDonnell Douglas m o d i f i e d Thor b o o s t e r

i n c o r p o r a t i n g n i n e s t r a p - o n T h i o k o l s o l i d - f u e l r o c k e t motors.
The b o o s t e r i s powered by a Rocketdyne e n g i n e u s i n g l i q u i d
oxygen and l i q u i d hydrocarbon p r o p e l l a n t s . The main e n g i n e
i s gimbal-mounted t o p r o v i d e p i t c h and yaw c o n t r o l from
l i f t o f f t o main e n g i n e c u t o f f (MECO).

Second S t a g e

The second s t a g e i s powered by a TRW l i q u i d f u e l , p r e s s u r e - f e d

e n g i n e t h a t a l s o i s gimbal-mounted t o p r o v i d e p i t c h and yaw
c o n t r o l t h r o u g h t h e second s t a g e b u r n . A n i t r o g e n g a s system
u s e s e i g h t f i x e d n o z z l e s f o r r o l l c o n t r o l d u r i n g powered and
c o a s t f l i g h t as w e l l as p i t c h and yaw c o n t r o l d u r i n g coast and
a f t e r second s t a g e c u t o f f (SECO). Two f i x e d n o z z l e s , f e d by
t h e p r o p e l l a n t t a n k helium p r e s s u r i z a t i o n s y s t e m , p r o v i d e
r e t r o t h r u s t a f t e r t h i r d stage separation.
Third Stage

The t h i r d s t a g e i s t h e TE-364-4 s p i n - s t a b i l i z e d , s o l i d p r o p e l l a n t
T h i o k o l motor. I t i s s e c u r e d i n t h e s p i n t a b l e mounted t o t h e
second s t a g e . The f i r i n g of e i g h t s o l i d p r o p e l l a n t r o c k e t s
f i x e d t o t h e s p i n t a b l e accomplishes spin-up of t h e t h i r d s t a g e
s p a c e c r a f t assembly. The I S E E s p a c e c r a f t a r e a t t a c h e d t o t h e
t h i r d s t a g e motor.

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LAUNCH OPERATIONS

Delta 144 with the ISEE 3 spacecraft will be launched

under the direction of the Kennedy Space Center's Expendable
Vehicles Directorate from Pad B , southernmost of the two
launch pads at Complex 17, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
The Delta first stage and interstage were erected on
Pad B June 23. Mounting of the nine strap-on solid rocket
motors around the base of the first stage was accomplished
June 26-27 and the second stage was erected June 2 8 .
The ISEE 3 spacecraft arrived at KSC June 29 and under-
went initial processing at Hangar AE at Cape Canaveral Air
Force Station. It was moved into the Spin Test Facility
July 21 and mated with the third stage Aug. 1. The space-
craft/third stage assembly was moved to the pad and erected
atop the second stage Aug. 3 . The spacecraft was scheduled
to be encapsulated Aug. 9 within the payload shroud which
will protect it during its flight through the atmosphere.
All launch vehicle and pad operations during the launch
countdown are conducted from the blockhouse at Complex ly by
a joint government-industry team.

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LAUNCH SEQUENCE FOR I S E E 3

Event Time Altitude

Kilometers/miles

Liftoff 0 sec. 0 0

S i x S o l i d Motor Burnout 38 sec. 6 4

T h r e e Solid Motor I g n i t i o n 39 sec. 6 4

T h r e e S o l i d Motor Burnout 1 rnin. 1 8 sec. 21 13

I

N i n e S o l i d Motor J e t t i s o n l m i n . 2 7 sec. 26 16

Main Engine C u t o f f (MECO) 3 min. 45 sec. 91 56

First/Second Stage Separation 3 min. 54 sec. 96 60

Second S t a g e I g n i t i o n 3 min. 56 sec. 99 61

Fairing Jettison 4 min. 56 sec. 126 78

Second S t a g e C u t o f f #1 (SEC #1) 8 rnin. 4 4 sec. 157 97

Begin C o a s t Phase R o l l (1 rpm) 9 min. 2 3 sec. 157 97

End C o a s t Phase R o l l 4 4 min. 23 sec. 275 171

Second S t a g e I g n i t i o n # 2 53 min. 31 sec. 285 177

Second S t a g e Second Cut-Off 2 53 rnin. 52 sec.

(SECO 2 )

T h i r d S t a g e / P a y l o a d Spin-up 54 min. 50 sec.

J e t t i s o n S t a g e I1 54 min. 52 sec.

Third Stage I g n i t i o n 55 min. 33 sec.

T h i r d S t a g e Burnout 56 min. 1 7 sec. 2 87 178

Payload S e p a r a t i o n , A c t i v a t e 57 min. 30 sec. 327 203

R e t r o System.

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ISEE 3 TEAM

NASA Headquarters
Dr. Noel S. Hinners Associate Administrator
for Space Science
Andrew J. Stofan Deputy Associate Administrator
Dr. Adrienne Timothy Deputy Associate Administrator
(Science)
T. Bland Norris Director, Astrophysics
Programs
Dr. Harold Glaser Director, Solar Terrestrial
Programs
Frank Gaetano ISEE Program Manager
Dr. Erwin R. Schrnerling ISEE Program Scientist
John F. Yardley Associate Administrator for
Space Flight
Joseph B. Mahon Director of Expendable Launch
Vehicle Programs
Peter T. Eaton Manager, Delta Program
William C. Schneider Associate Administrator for
Tracking and Data Acquisition

Goddard Space Flight Center

Dr. Robert S. Cooper Director
Robert E. Smylie Deputy Director
Robert Lindley Director of Projects
Don Fordyce Associate Director for Projects

Jeremiah J. Madden Pro] ect Manager

T. von Rosenvinge Project Scientist
Dr. Stephen Paddack Deputy Project Manager,

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Goddard Center (contId.1

~

James 0. Redding Financial Manager

John A. Hrastar Mission Operations Manager
Martin A. Davis Scientific Instrument Manager
David W. Grimes Delta Project Manager
William R. Russell Deputy Delta Project Manager,
Technica1
Robert Goss Chief, Mission Analysis and
Integration Branch, Delta Project
Office
E. Michael Chewning Delta Mission Integration Manager
Thomas C. Moore Mission Operations Manager
Kenneth McDonald Network Support Manager

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Lee Scherer Director

Gerald D. Griffin Deputy Director

Dr. Walter J. Kapryan Director, Space Vehicle Operations

George F. Page Director, Expendable Vehicles

W. C. Thacker Chief, Delta Operations

Division
Wayne McCall Chief Engineer, Delta Operations

David Bragdon Spacecraft Coordinator

CONTRACTORS

Fairchild Space & Electronics Co. Spacecraft

Germantown, Md.
McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Delta Launch Vehicle
co .
Huntington Beach, Calif.

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