4.

Ad i i a i fe c i e e
(a) B he e- e , FC 110
FC 110. The e e ai he e hi , e i , ad i i a i a d e j e f hei e c i e e ie .
Ei he e a , d i g he a iage, a fe he ad i i a i f hi he e c i e e he he b ea
f a b ic i e , hich ha be ec ded i he egi f e f he ace he e i ca ed.

(b) B he he e, FC 110(2); FC 142, 75, 227

FC 142. The ad i i a i f a ca e f e c i e e f ei he e a be a fe ed b he c he
he e:
(1) Whe e e bec e he g a dia f he he ;
(2) Whe e e i j dicia dec a ed a ab e ee;
(3) Whe e e i e e ced a e a hich ca ie i h i ci i i e dic i ;
(4) Whe e e bec e a f gi i e f j ice i i hidi g a a acc ed i a c i i a ca e.
If he he ei a ified b ea fi c e e ce, c f ic f i e e , a he j ca e, he c ha
a i a i ab e e be he ad i i a .

A . 75. The f e e a , i he a iage e e e , ag ee he egi e f ab ec i , c j ga

a e hi f gai , c ee e aai f e , a he egi e. I ab e ce f a a iage e e e , he
he egi e ag eed i id, he e f ab ec i f e a e ab i hed i hi C de ha g e .

A . 227. If he a e e he a age e ad i i a i fa f hei e ie a e a ci a ed chi d, he

e ceed f ch e ha be g he e . The chi d ha be gi e a ea ab e h a a ce i a
a e ha ha hich he e d ha e aid if he ad i i a e e a a ge , e he e ga
he e i e ceed he chi d. I a ca e, he ceed gi e i ha be cha ged he chi d' egi i e.

Veloso v. Martine , 28 Phil 255 (Repeated)

13. ​Mano ok Real . CA, 149 SCRA 372 (Ce e o)
FACTS: ​Thi i a e i i f ce i a i b a f a ea ee i g e a ide he deci i f he C f A ea hich
he d he di i a f he e i i e ' c ai f ei idica ac i i h da age agai he i a e e de
a d de ed he e i i e acce he a e f he ba a ce f P2,551.85 f aid e de , a d he eaf e ,
e ec e he c e di g deed f a e f L 227, B c I i fa f he a e .

The i a e e de Fe i e Mad a ga a c ai ha he ha bee cc i g a a ce f a d i he C a a de Ta b i g

de Lega da S bdi i i i ce 1949 e i i bei g b ai ed f A d e Lad e , he a e ee f he
bdi i i , i h he de a di g ha he e de de e a b he .

O A i 2, 1950, he e f he , C a a Ta b i g, died a d he e i e e a e, i c di g he a a he a e ie
hich c e ed he cc ied b he i a e e de e e aced de c​ ustodia legis.​

O A i 22, 1950, he i a e e de ade a de i f he aid i he f P1,500.00 hich a ecei ed b

Vice e Lega da, h ba d f he a e e . A e ide ced b he ecei i ed b Vice e Lega da, he c i ed f
a a ea f 240 ae ee a d a d a P30.00 e a e e e . The e, h , e ai ed a aid ba a ce f
P5,700.00 b he i a e e de did a a ab e a hi ba a ce beca e af e he dea h f he e a i ,
C a a Ta b i g de Lega da, he hei c d e e hei diffe e ce . A a f he i i ia de i , f he
a e e e ade f 1950.

B c 5 Page 19 f 74
O A i 28, 1950, D Vice e Lega da a a i ed a a ecia ad i i a f he e a e. Mea hi e he i ae
e de e ai ed i e i f he i e i .

S be e , he e i i e beca e he cce f bidde a d e dee f he Ta b i g de Lega da S bdi i i

c i i g f 44 a ce f a d ead i he di ic f T d a d S a. C , Ma i a, a he deed f a e
e ec ed i i fa b he Phi i i e T C a Ma ch 13 a d 20, 1959, a ad i i a f he Te a e E a e f
C a a Ta b i g de Lega da, i S ecia P ceedi g N . 10809 f he Ma i a ba e c . The i di e a e f
h e c e ed b he a e.

I i eff c ea he Ta b i g S bdi i i fi a e a d cc a , he e i i e ca ed he b ica i f

e ea ice i he ​Manila Times i e f Ja a 1, 1966 a d he ​Taliba i e f Ja a 2, a d Ma ch 16, 1966,
ad i i g he cc a aca e hei e ec i e e i e , he i e, c ac i i h da age df . I addi i
he e ice b b ica i , he e i i e e ci c a he cc a aca e.

The i a e e de a e f he a cc a h ef ed aca e he he e e cc i g, ha
A i 26, 1968, he e i i e fi ed he ac i be ec e he aid .

The ia c di i ed he e i i e ' ac i af e fi di g ha he Ide i f he a ce f a d de c ibed i he

c ai had bee fficie e ab i hed a he e a e iece f a d i he a e ia a d h ica e i f
he i a e e de .

O a ea , he e de C f A ea f d he Ide i f he gh be ec e ed b he e i i e be he
a e a ha i he h ica e i f he i a e e de a d ed ha he igh e ai i g he e i i e i
e f ce he c ec i f he ba a ce beca e acc di g ,i e ed i he h e f i edece ; a d ha i ce he
a ea i e i f he e i i e hich i ha i ed i he e e ca e i 115 a e e e , he ba a ce
af e ded c i g he de i f P1,500.00 i P2,551.85, a d a e de f he C f Fi I a ce f Ma i a, he aid
ba a ce h d be aid i 18 e a h i a e .

I hi e i i , he e i i e ai ai ha he C f A ea c i ed a e e ib e e i h di g ha he a e b
D Vice e Lega da i fa f he i a e e de i a id, bi di g, a d e f ceab e agai he e i i e .

The e i i e c e d ha i ce he e i di e ha he e i e i a he a a he a e fCa a
Ta b i g, h died A i 2, 1950, Vice e Lega da had a h i ha e e e he aid e he
i ae e de Ma 12, 1950 i ce he f e a a i ed a ad i i a f he e a e f C a a Ta b i g
A g 28, 1950. The ef e, he e i ed a e c d ha e b d C a a Ta b i g' e a e beca e he
e d Vice e Lega da ei he ac ed a he e he ad i i a f he bjec e he he a eged a e
ace. A ega d he i i i he deed f a e hich i e ec ed i h he Phi i i e T C a he ei i b d
i ef e ec he c ac f a e ie e ha a ha e bee e ec ed b Vice e Lega da a d e ced
he igh a a i ca e f e ic i , he e i i e a g e ha hi e- e i ed e ec f h e a id a e
e ec ed b he decea ed C a a Ta b i g a d b e iha h i ac beha f f he e a e.

O he he ha d, he i a e e de c e d ha he af e ed ii f he deed f a e a e a dec a a i
ad i i agai he i e e f he e i i e , a d h ha he ac f Vice e Lega da had bee a ified b he
Phi i i e T C a a d a ed b he ba e c . The e i i e , he ef e, i a eged e ed f
e i i g he a h i f Vice e Lega da i e i g he e i di e.

I e:​ Whe he D Vice e Lega da c d a id di e f he a a he a e .

B c 5 Page 20 f 74
R ling: NO. Deci i f CA i e e ed a d e a ide. The ec d d e h ha D Vice e Lega da a he
ad i i a f he a a he a e ie f D a C a a Ta b i g d i g he ife i e f he a e . Th , i ca be
aid ha he a e hich a e e ed i b he i a e e de a d D Vice e Lega da had i i ce i bef e he
dea h f C a a Ta b i g a d a e e ed i b he D Vice e beha f f C a a Ta b i g b a
c a ed af e he dea h.

D Vice e Lega da, he ef e, c d ha e a id di ed f he i di ea ac i i g ad i i a f he

a a he a e ie f D a C a a Ta b i g.

A . 136 NCC. The ife e ai he e hi f he a a he a e .

A . 137 NCC. The ife ha ha e he ad i i a i f he a a he a e , e he de i e he a e he
h ba d b ea f a b ic i e e e i g hi ad i i e i .
I hi ca e, he b ic i e ha be ec ded i he Regi fP e .A f he ab e , he h ba d
ha gi e ade a e ec i .
The C c c ded ha he a e be ee D Vice e Lega da a d he i a e e de i ​void ab initio​, he f e
bei g ei he a e ad i i a f he bjec e . S ch bei g he ca e, he a e ca be he bjec f he
a ifica i b he Phi i i e T C a he ba e c .

Af e he a i e f D Vice e Lega da a ad i i a f he e a e f D a C a a Ta b i g, he h d ha e
a ied bef e he ba e c f a h i e he di ed e i fa f he i a e e de . If he ba e
c a ed he e e , he D Vice e Lega da d ha e bee ab e e ec e a a id deed f a e i fa f he
e de . B D Vice e Lega da had eff c i h he ab e- ed e f ced e ha f he
e de ec hi i e e a he ba a ce f he i a e he c a i ed ad i i a .

WHEREFORE, IN VIEW OF THE FOREGOING, he deci ion appealed f om i he eb REVERSED and SET ASIDE.
The p i a e e ponden i o de ed o SURRENDER he ma e ial and ph ical po e ion of Lo No. 277, Block I o he
pe i ione and o pa he la e he en al a a ed abo e f om Ma , 1950 n il he ende he aid lo . The
pe i ione hall eimb e he p i a e e ponden he amo n of P1,500.00 i h legal in e e f om Ma , 1950 o off e
aid amo n f om he en al d e o i . Co again he p i a e e ponden .

14.​ Ong CA, 204 SCRA 297 (Dimen)

Fac : ​Te d a B. O g ( ife f he e i i e ) c d c ed he ggi g b i e i Ca a i e S . I f he a ce f
he b i e eai he ec ed f F a ci c B i ( i a e e de ) a a i he a f P2,827.83.
U f a e , beca e f i a age e , Te d a defa ed i he b iga i . Thi ed B i fi e a c ai ,
ba ed he i e e ec ed b Te d a, c ec he ega d e i e e agai Te d a a d
Ra O g ( e i i e ), he a e bei g j i ed a h ba d f he f e . Defe da - e e e dec a ed i defa a d
j dg e a e de ed i fa fB i .

CFI R ling: CFI ed i fa f ai iff, de i g he defe da Te d a B. O g a he ai iff he

P2,827.83, i h i e e a d he i e he e , i fa f he e ec i -c edi B i a d egi e ed i he
Office f he Regi e f Deed f Ca a i e N e.

Af e he af e e i ed deci i beca e fi a a d e ec ,B i ed e ec e he j dg e . The i a

g a ed a d a c e di g i f e ec i . Acc di g , he She iff f Ca a i e N e e ied a d a ached a a ce
f a d i a ed a Dieg Li a S ., Dae , Ca a i e N e, dec a ed i he e a e f Te d a B. O g, bjec - a ce f
he ei i.

B c 5 Page 21 f 74
I a ice f e E ec i a d ice f P b ic A c i a e da ed, a c i a e a he d a d defe da B i a
adj dged highe bidde . A i f e i a i ed ace he e ec i -c edi i e i f he e
e ied a d d e ec i . S b e e , he eaf e , Ra C. O g fi ed a O ib i ih he a e C
f Fi I a ce f Ma i a a i g a h he i f e i , hich a de ied. A i f ec ide a i a
i e i e de ied.

C e e , eii e b gh he ca e he C f A ea a he a c i a e a eged i eg a e ec ed
he f i gg d, a e , ha he e a c j ga a d h c d be he d iab e f e a deb
c ac ed b he ife, a d ha he e a a id b ica i h a i g he a c i a e id. The C f A ea
affi ed he deci i f he ia c , i g eii e fi e a i f ec ide a i he e f. Said i a
de ied. He ce hi e i i .

I e: ​Whe he he aid a ce f a di e c i e e f he ife (Te d a) a f c j ga e ?

R ling: ​The aid a ce f a d i a e c i e e f Te d a. The e e e f he a e f he h ba d i he

a dec a a i f he bjec e i fficie f ha aid e a ac i ed d i g he a iage a d i
he ef e c j ga . I i di ed ha he bjec a ce a dec a ed e i he ife' a e, b he h e b i
he e a dec a ed i he a e f he e . U de ch ci c a ce , c ed i h a ca ef c i f he ec d
f he e e ca e, he C he d ha he i e i i a a he a , a d i he ef e, iab e f he e a deb f
he ife.

Th , i a he d i he ca e f Ma a ba . L a , ha he e i ha e i c j ga (A . 160, NCC)
efe e ac i ed d i g he a iage. Whe he e i h i ga he he e a ac i ed b a
e, he fac ha he i e i i he e' a e i a i dica i i be g e c i e aid e.

A c ec i ed b he e de C , he a h i e he e i ha a e f he a iage
be g he c j ga a e hi fi e ha he e a ac i ed d i g he a iage. P f f
ac i i i d i g he a iage i a c di i i e a f he eai f he e i i fa f he c j ga
a e hi . Th , he he e i egi e ed i he a e f he e a d he e i h i ga he he
e a ac i ed b aid e, hi i a i dica i ha he e be g e c i e aid e. A d hi
e i de A . 160 f he Ci i C de ca e ai he he i e i i he a e f e e a d he
igh f i ce hi d a ie a e i ed.

F he e, e e a i g f he a e f a g e ha he e i di e i c j ga , he a e a i be he d
iab e f he deb f he ife i hi ca e. U de A . 117 f he Ci i C de, he ife a e gage i b i e a h gh
he h ba d a bjec (b bjec ce ai c di i ). I i c ea f he ec d ha he ife a e gaged i he
ggi g b i e i h he h ba d' edge a da ae ih a bjec i hi a . The ac f he h ba d
h ha he ga e hi i ied c e he ife' e gage e i b i e .

Le i be ed ha d e he e g h f i e ha hi ca e ha e ai ed e di g, i a e e de F a ci c B i a d
A e i Ca i ha e a eged a ead died i he ce . N e b i i f a ie ha e a ae bee ade.
Ne e he e , de i e ch e e i g e e , f fai e he a f eii e h a ga e ab e f di c e i
e e ib e e c i ed b e de a e a e c , he S e eC affi ed he a e aec ' deci i .
Be ide , he deci i f he ia c i i acc da ce i h a a d he e ide ce e e ed.
WHEREFORE, he e i i i he eb DISMISSED f ac f e i i h ce e a c .

B c 5 Page 22 f 74
 5. E c b a ce/di ii fe c i e e
FC 111-112, f FC 236, a e ded b RA 6809
A . 111. A e f age a gage, e c be , a ie a e he i e di e f hi he e c i e e , ih
he c e f he he e, a d a ea a e i c i iga e i h ega d he a e.

A . 112. The a ie a i fa e c i e e fa e ad i i e ed b he he a a ica e i ae he

ad i i a i e ch e a d he ceed f he a ie a i ha be ed e he e- e.

15.​ Wong e al. . IAC 200 SCRA 792 (Deloca io)

Doc ine​: U de he Ci i C de (bef e he effec i i f he FC A g 3, 1988), a ife a bi d he c j ga
a e hi he he cha e hi g ece a f he f he fa i he he b e f he
e f cha i g hi g ece a f he f he fa i if he h ba d fai de i e he e ; he
he ad i i a i f he c j ga a e hi i a fe ed he ife b he c b he h ba d a d he he ife
gi e de a e d a i f cha i . Ha i g fai ed e ab i h ha a f he e ci c a ce cc ed, he W g a
bi d he c j ga a e a e f Ka i a' e a b iga i he .
Pe i ione : ​SPOUSES RICKY WONG a d ANITA CHAN, LEONARDO JOSON, JUANITO SANTOS, EMERITO
SICAT a d CONRADO LAGMAN
Re ponden : ​HON. INTERMEDIATE APPELLATE COURT a d ROMARICO HENSON

Fac ​: R a ic He a ied Ka i a Pi eda Ja a 6, 1964.1 The ha e h ee chi d e b e e d i g he ea

ea f hei a iage, R a ic a d Ka i a had bee f he i e i i g e a a e . The R a ic a ed i
A ge e Ci hi e Ka i a i ed i Ma i a. D i g he a iage Ja a 6, 1971, R a ic b gh a 1,787
a e- e e a ce f a d i A ge e Ci f P11,492 f hi fa he , D . Ce e i L. He ih e b ed
f a ffice a e. Hi fa he a ca ed he a f i e e i A ge e Ci a d Pa a a .

I H g g e i e i J e 1972, Ka i a e e ed i a ag ee e i h A i a Cha he eb A i a
c ig ed Ka i a iece f je e f a e a ed a P321,830.95.4 Whe Ka i a fai ed e he iece f
je e i hi he 20-da e i d ag eed , A i a Cha de a ded a e f hei a e. Ka i a i ed i fa f
A i a Cha a chec f P55,000 hich, h e e , a di h ed f ac f f d . He ce, Ka i a a cha ged i h
e afa bef e he he C f Fi I a ce f Pa a ga a d A ge e Ci . Af e ia , he e c e de ed a
deci i di i i g he ca e he g d ha Ka i a' iabi i a c i i a b ci i i a e a e afa a
c i ed b he i a ce f he chec i a e f a e-e i i g b iga i .

The e A i a Cha a d Ric W g fi ed ac i f c ec i f he f e agai Ka i a a d he

h ba d R a ic . The e ih c e c ai fi ed a i beha f f Ka i a. T ia c ed i fa f he
W g he a i f e ec i a he eaf e i ed he 4 i A ge e Ci a i he a e f R a ic He
a ied Ka i a He . 2 f he ee da b ic a c i J a i Sa a d he he i h Le a d
J . A h bef e ch ede i , R a ic fi ed a ac i f a e f he deci i i c di g he i a d
e f e ec i .

The CFI f d ha he e a ba i f h di g he c j ga a e hi iab e f he e a i deb ed e f

Ka i a, ed i fa f ec e a ce i ie f he j i de ce ha he i e e f he ife i he c j ga
a e hi e bei g i ch a e a d he ef e e e a e ec a c , he a e a be d di ed f f
a e i af e he i ida i a d e e e f he c i a e .
The IAC ed he a e, ha he c j ga e a be c edi ed f hi ife deb a e .I ed ha
he e ie a e ​Roma ico' e cl i e capi al ha ing been bo gh b him i h hi o n f nd .

B c 5 Page 23 f 74
 B g an ing ha he p ope ie a e conj gal, he canno an e fo Ka ina' obliga ion a he la e
e e e cl i el he beca e he e e inc ed i ho he con en of he h band, he e e no fo he dail
e pen e of he famil and he did no edo nd o he benefi of he famil . The c de c ed he fac ha
e ide ce ha bee b i ed ha he ad i i a i f he c j ga a e hi had bee a fe ed Ka i a ei he b
R a ic b he c bef e aid b iga i e e i c ed.

I e​: Whe he he e ec i f a deci i i a ac i f c ec i fa f e a be ified he

g d ha he ea e ie e ied a d da b ic a c i a e he a eged e c i e e ie f a h ba d
h did a ici a e i hi ife' b i e a ac i f hich aid ac i e ed. ​No, he p ope ie a e no
p o en o be e cl i e, i belong o hei conj gal p ope . Ho e e , an o de of pa men ma no be impo ed on
he conj gal p ope if he deb a con ac ed i ho he h band con en and if i did no benefi he famil .

R ling​: R a ic a d Ka i a had i fac bee e a a ed he Ka i a e e ed i a b i e dea i h A i a W g. The

h ba d had hi g d i h he b i e a ac i f Ka i a a h i ed he e e i ch. The e ie
i A ge e e e ac i ed d i g he a iage i h c ea f he e he h ba d b ai ed he e e a he a .
He ce, i i e ed be g he c j ga a e hi i he ab e ce f f ha he a e e c i e e f he
h ba d a d e e h gh he had bee i i g e a a e .
The c j ga a e f he e ie i h a di g, Ka i a' i deb ed e a be aid f i h he he
b iga i ha i g bee h b he e i i e be e f he cha ge agai he c j ga a e hi . I addi i
he fac ha he igh e he e ie a e e e i ch a e i he i ida i f he c j ga a e hi , he
c e f he h ba d a d he a h i i c ch i deb ed e had bee a eged i he c ai a d e a
he ia .
U de he Ci i C de (bef e he effec i i f he Fa i C de A g 3, 1988), a ife a bi d he c j ga
a e hi he he cha e hi g ece a f he f he fa i he he b e f he
e f cha i g hi g ece a f he f he fa i if he h ba d fai de i e he e ; he
he ad i i a i f he c j ga a e hi i a fe ed he ife b he c 33 b he h ba d34 a d he he
ife gi e de a e d a i f cha i . Ha i g fai ed e ab i h ha a f he e ci c a ce cc ed, he W g
a bi d he c j ga a e a e f Ka i a' e a b iga i he .

Di po i i e​: WHEREFORE, he deci i f he a e a e c a d he e c i Ci i Ca e N . 28-09 a e he eb

AFFIRMED bjec he difica i ab e a ed. N c .

6. Wha c i e CPG
(a) Defi i i , FC 106
FC 106. U de he egi e f c j ga a e hi f gai , he h ba d a d ife ace i a c f d he ceed ,
d c , f i a d i c e f hei e a a e e ie a d h e ac i ed b ei he b h e h gh hei
eff b cha ce, a d, di i f he a iage f he a e hi , he e gai be efi b ai ed b
ei he b h e ha be di ided e a be ee he , e he i e ag eed i he a iage e e e . (142a)

(b) P e i f CPG, FC 116

FC 116. ​A e ac i ed d i g he a iage, he he he ac i i i a ea ha e bee ade, c ac ed
egi e ed i he a e f e b h e ,i e ed be c j ga e he c a i ed. (160a)

Dewara v Lamela, GR 179010, April 11, 2011 (Dacua) (Repeated)

B c 5 Page 24 f 74
 16.​ De La Pena A ila, G.R. No. 187490, Feb. 8, 2012 (E angeli a)
Doc ine: ​P a A ic e 160 f he Ci i C de f he Phi i i e , a e f he a iage i e ed be g
he c j ga a e hi , e i be ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d he ife. A h gh i i
ece a e ha he e a ac i ed i h f d f he a e hi , ​p oof of ac i i ion d ing he
ma iage i an e en ial condi ion fo he ope a ion of he p e mp ion in fa o of he conj gal pa ne hip.

Fac : ​A ia De a Pe a (Pe i i e ) ed a 277 a e e e a ce f e ide ia a d i Ma i i a Ci a d he

e a egi e ed de A ia De La Pe a -Ma ied A eg de a Pe a. O Ma 7, 1996, A ia b ai ed a
a f A.C. Ag i a & S f 250 . A ia a e ec ed i fa f Ag i a a a i ed Deed f Rea E a e
M gage e he e , f he e f ec i g he a e f aid a b iga i . O N 4 1997, A ia d
he e Ge aA ia( e de ) f 600 h Ge a egi e ed he a d he a e. O N 26 1997,
Ge a gaged he a d Fa Ea Ba a d T C a ( Ba f he Phi i i e I a d ) - FEBTC-BPI
ec e a a f 1.2 i i . O Ma 3 1998, A ia fi ed i h he Regi e f Deed f Ma i i a a Affida i f Ad e e
C ai a i g ha he a he a f e f he e de he a e f Ge a a d ha he Deed f Sa e
Ge a a i a ed. H e e , beca e Ge a had aid he acc a ed i e e a d e a ie he a he
f he a d, FEBTC-BPI f ec ed he e a d had a b ic a c i f he highe bidde f e hi .
FEBTC-BPI a e c ida ed i e hi e he e a d egi e ed i de i a e.

Ma 18 1998, A ia a d he , A i De a Pe a, fi ed agai Ge aac ai f a e f deed f a e i

he RTC f Ma i i a. The c e ded ha he a d a c j ga e a d ha A ia h ba d (decea ed) had
c e ed he gage f he a d i fa f Ge a a d ha Ge a had h e ed he i e ded a i da e f
he gage f 1998 1997 beca e he ad a age f he c e e a i hi i h A ia. The f he a e
ha he had bee i ed b Ge a he A ia e ec ed he a e f he a d i fa f Ge a beca e he had d
he i a ece a ge a a f FEBTC-BPI h he Deed f Ab e a e h d be ified beca e i a
de ga fA i cce i a igh . The De a Pe a gh f ec e a ce f he e a e a a a d
e e a da age i h ega fee .

Ge a A i a, a e ed ha he a d a he e c i e e fA ia a d ha A ia had i e e e ed ha he
h ba d a i a i e. Ge a a ed ha A ia had fai ed a he 250 a he f Ag i a a d a ached
Ge a f he e e he f ec e f he a d h Ge a e ed he a a d ga e A ia a 50 a i h 10%
i ee e h. A ia had a eged ag eed e he a d a c a e a f he a Ge a ac i ed f
FEBTC-BPI f 1.2 i i he e Ge a he e A ia ed he .

RTC:​ P e a c j ga i a e a d he Deed f Sa e i fa Ge a a id a a di ii ih he
i ida i e i ed de A 130 f he Fa i C de a d de ed FEBTC-BPI ec e he a d he De a Pe a .
CA:​ Re e ed deci i f RTC f : fai e e he e a ac i ed d i g he a iage a d A ia had
i ed Ge a ha he e a e c i e he

I e: WON he p ope ma be p e med a pa of he conj gal p ope of An onia and An egono?

R ling: ​F a ci c . C f A ea he d ha :A ic e 160 f he Ne Ci i C de ide ha "a e f he

a iage i e ed be g he c j ga a e hi , e i be ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d
he ife." H e e , he a h i e hi e i fi e ha he e i c e a
ac i ed d i g he a iage.

B c 5 Page 25 f 74
A he a ie i i g he e i f c j ga i de A ic e 160 f he Ci i C de, he De a Pe a did e e
c ec e i g ha he bjec e a ac i ed d i g he a iage be ee A ia a d A eg . Be d
A ia ba e a d c b a ed a e i ha he e a cha ed he he a a ead a ied, he ec d i
be ef f a e ide ce f hich he ac a da e f ac i i i f he ea ca be a ce ai ed. Whe e ied ab he
a e d i g hi c -e a i a i , e e A i ad i ed ha hi e ba i f a i g ha he e a ed b hi
ae a A ia iaea ce e he effec . C ide i g ha he e i f c j ga i d e
e a e if he e i h i g f he he e a eged be c j ga a ac i ed, e fi d ha he CA ca be
fa ed f i g ha he ea i i iga i a A ia e c i e e . I R i . CA, he c ed ha he
h a e a ied i e e de c i i e f he ci i a f he ife a d ca be i e e ed ea ha he h ba d
i a a egi e ed e.
Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, ​Jul 4, 2012 (Repeated)

(c) Wha a e i c ded i CPG, FC 117, 115, 118, 119, 120

FC 117.​ The f i g a e c j ga a e hi
(1) Th e ac i ed b e i e d i g he a iage a he e e e f he c f d, he he he ac i i i be f
he a e hi , f e f he e;
(2) Th e b ai ed f he ab , i d , fe i f ei he b h f he e;
(3) The f i , a a , i d ia , ci i , d e ecei ed d i g he a iage f he c e , a e a he
e f i f he e c i e e f each e;
(4) The ha e f ei he e i he hidde ea e hich he a a a d he fi de e f he e he e he
ea e i f d;
(5) Th e ac i ed h gh cc a i ch a fi hi g h i g;
(6) Li e c e i i g he di i f he a e hi i e ce f he be f each i d b gh he a iage
b ei he e; a d
(7) Th e hich a e ac i ed b cha ce, ch a i i g f ga b i g be i g. H e e , e he ef ha be
b e e c i e b he e - e. (153a, 154a, 155, 159)

FC 115. Re i e e be efi , e i , a i ie , g a i ie , f c a d i i a be efi ha be g e ed b he e

ga i e ac i i i a a be e i each ca e. ( )

FC 118. P e b gh i a e aid a f e c i e f d f ei he b h e a d a f
c j ga f d be g he b e b e if f e hi a e ed bef e he a iage a d he c j ga
a e hi if ch e hi a e ed d i g he a iage. I ei he ca e, a a ad a ced b he a e hi
b ei he b h e ha be ei b ed b he e e i ida i f he a e hi . ( )

FC 119. Whe e e a a c edi a ab e i hi a e i d f i e be g e e, he hich a be

c ec ed d i g he a iage i a ia a e b i a e he i ci a ha be he e c i e e f he
e. H e e , i e e fa i g d e d i g a iage he i ci a ha be g he c j ga a e hi .

FC 120. ​The e hi f i e e , he he f ii ad e , ade he e a a e e f he e

a he e e e f he a e hi h gh he ac eff f ei he b h e ha e ai he c j ga
a e hi , he igi a e- e, bjec he f i g e:
Whe he c f he i e e ade b he c j ga a e hi a d a e i g i c ea e i a e a e e ha he
a e f he e a he i e f he i e e , he e i e e f e f he e ha be g he c j ga
a e hi , bjec ei b e e f he a e f he e f he e- e a he i e f he i e e ;
he i e, aid e ha be e ai ed i e hi b he e- e, i e i e bjec ei b e e f he c
f he i e e .

B c 5 Page 26 f 74
I ei he ca e, he e hi f he e i e e ha be e ed he ei b e e , hich ha be ade a he
i e f he i ida i f he c j ga a e hi . (158a)

17. ​Villan e a CA, 427 SCRA 439 (E c de o)

Doc ine: ​FC ha a c j ga a e hi e ab i hed bef e he FC i h ej dice e ed igh a ead
ac i ed de he Ci i C de he a . Th , de he FC, if he e ie a e ac i ed d i g he a iage, he
e i i ha he a e c j ga . The b de f fi he a c ai i g ha he a e c j ga .
Fac :
1. E ebia, i he ega ife f defe da Nic a , ha i g bee a ied Oc be 7, 1926. O f a f ed c ,
he beg fi e (5) chi d e . S e Re a e ided a Ma da e Ci , Ceb .
2. D i g hei a iage, he ac i ed ea e ie a d a i e e i a ed i Ma da e, a d C aci ,
Ceb . Nic a i he c -​ e f a a ce f a d i a ed i Ma da e Ci hich he i he i ed f hi a e a
e a he cha e f he edi a ha e f a i a e eigh (8) a ce f a d i Ma da e Ci . S e f
he e ie ea i c e f c c ea ed c ai .
3. I 1945, Nic a ge i ed i h hi egi i a e fa i a d c habi ed i h defe da , Paci a Vi a e a,
he ei P c i Vi a e a, i hei i egi i a e . Nic a , he , a he e h ecei ed he
i c e f he e ie . Paci a, f he i e he a ed i i g i c c bi age i h Nic a , ha cc a i .
She had e ie f he f hich he c d de i e i c e. F he i e Nic a ffe ed e
i he e e , hi i egi i a e i a ead he e h ha bee ecei i g he i c e f hi e ie .
4. I Oc be 1988, E ebia Re a fi ed a c ai bef e he ia c agai he h ba d Nic a Re a,
Paci a Vi a e a a d P c i Vi a e a.
5. E ebia gh he ec e a ce f Nic a a d Paci a f e e a e ie ( bjec e ie ), c ai i g ha
ch a e he c j ga e ie i h Nic a .
6. Se e e be ee a ie a a ed b e.
7. T ia c i fa f E ebia Na a.
8. Pe i i e a ea ed. E ebia died, a d a he b i ed b he hei .
9. CA he d ia c deci i

I e: ​Whe he he bjec e ie ac i ed d i g he a iage be ee E ebia a d P c i a e c j ga .

R ling: ​YES, he a e c j ga . Pe i i de ied; deci i f CA affi ed.

The FC ii c j ga a e hi g e he e eai be ee Nic a a d E ebia e e if he e e
a ied bef e he effec i i f he FC. A ic e 105 f he FC e ici a da e ha he FC ha a c j ga
a e hi e ab i hed bef e he FC i h ej dice e ed igh a ead ac i ed de he Ci i C de he
a . Th , de he FC, if he e ie a e ac i ed d i g he a iage, he e i i ha he a e c j ga . The
b de f fi he a c ai i g ha he a e c j ga . Thi i c e ​ba a ced b he e i e e ha he
e ie fi be e ha e bee ac i ed d i g he a iage bef e he a e e ed c j ga .

Nic a a d E ebia e e a ied 7 Oc be 1926. Nic a a d Paci a a ed c habi i g i 1936. E ebia died 23
N e be 1996. Paci a a d Nic a e e a ied 16 Dece be 1996. Pe i i e he e e ad i ha L N . 152
a cha ed 4 Oc be 1957. The da e f ac i i i f L N . 152 i c ea d i g he a iage f Nic a a d
E ebia. Si ce he bjec e ie , i c di g L N . 152, e e ac i ed d i g he a iage f Nic a a d E ebia,
he e i de A ic e 116 f he Fa i C de i ha a he e a e c j ga e ie f Nic a a d E ebia.

B c 5 Page 27 f 74
 18. ​Mendo a . Re e 124 SCRA 154 (Ga cia)
Doc ine: P e ac i ed d i g a a iage i e ed be c j ga a d he fac ha he a d i a e egi e ed i
he a e f e f he e d e de i c j ga a e. If he fac ha e ac i ed d i g a iage
a egi e ed i he a e f he h ba d a e d e affec i c j ga a e, ei he d e egi a i i he a e
f he ife.

Fac : P cia Re e a d J ia de Re e e e a ied i 1915. The e ie i e i c i i g fL 5a d6

i a ed i QC, hich e e b gh i a e ba i . Th , he e j i b ai ed a a a hei ba a ce. The
c e di g deed f ab e a e a e ec ed he e he e dee a ed i 'J ia de Re e '. He ig a e a ea e
he ca i e dee a d h e f P cia de he h a e: ' i h aia c e .A a e f he e a e , TCT
e e i ed i he a e f "JULIA REYES a ied PONCIANO REYES."

Whi e P cia a ab e a e di g hi fa i Pa a ga, J ia d ab e he i e i S . Ef e V.

Me d a a d I ce cia R. De Me d a, a e dee , i h he edge a d c e f P cia . A he a e i e
he e ee i i g e aae a d ee i ea i g e .

P cia fi ed a c ai f he a e f a deed f a e f a ce f a d c e di g ha aid e ie ee

c j ga e ie f hi e f a d hi ife a d ha he had d he e i i e "a b he e f" a d i h hi
edge c e .

Pe i i e Me d a a eged ha he e ie e e a a he a e ie f J ia a d ha he had cha ed he a e

i g d fai h a d f ade a e c ide a i . J ia e ified ha he b gh he a ce f a d i a e ba i
a d ha he fi a e ca e f he e a f d.

CFI: dec a ed he e ie e c i e a d a a he a e ie f J ia a d ed ha he c d a id di e f he
a e ih he c e f he h ba d.

I e:​ A e he di ed e ie c j ga e ie ? Ye .

R ling​: Ye . The deed f a e i dec a ed a d id i h e ec e- ha f ha e f P cia .

A ic e 153 f he Ci i C de ide :
The following are conjugal partnership propert : That which is acquired b onerous title during the marriage at the
e pense of the common fund, whether the acquisition be for the partnership, or for onl one of the spouses;
It is sufficient to prove that the propert was acquired during the marriage in order that the same ma be deemed
conjugal propert . There is no question that the disputed propert was acquired b onerous title during the marriage.

Rec d h ha he f d ca e f a b ai ed b he e . U de A ic e 161 f he Ci i C de, a deb a d

b iga i c ac ed b he h ba d a d he ife f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi a e iabi i ie f he
a e hi .

J ia c ai fe c i e e hi i be ied b he I c e Ta Re hich he he e f e a ed a d fi ed i beha f f

he c j ga a e hi he ei he ade he a e e ha he e a aid he e e i c e f he c j ga
a e hi , a d he ade a ea he e ie i e i a ca i a a e f he c j ga a e hi .

P e ac i ed d i g a a iage i e ed be c j ga a d he fac ha he a d i a e egi e ed i he a e f

e ed e de i c j ga a e. If he fac ha e ac i ed d i g a iage a egi e ed i
he a e f he h ba d a e d e affec i c j ga a e, ei he d e egi a i i he a e f he ife.

B c 5 Page 28 f 74
 19.​ Ag e e PNB, GR 170166, Ap il 6, 2011 (Hechano a)
Topic: ​Wha c i e CPG; Wha a e i c ded i CPG
Fac : ​R (h ba d) b ai ed a a (P115 ) a d e ec ed a ea e a e gage. U a i , he a e ai ed
a di g. A a e , PNB i i ed e aj dicia f ec e ceedi g . A ce ifica e f a e a i ed i fa f
PNB. Said e a he egi e ed i he a e f PNB af e 1 ea had a ed i h he e bei g edee ed.

Ag e e ( ife) he fi ed a c ai dec a e he deed f ea e a e gage a d f ec e ceedi g id he

f i g g d : (1) She had edge f he a . (2) She did gi e he c e he gage, (3) He
ig a e e e f ged b he h ba d. (4) The a did ed d he be efi f he fa i .

O he he ha d, PNB a ed f he di i a f he c ai he g d ha he e e e ba ed f
ec e i g he e beca e f e e , ache , aba d e a d eci i .

RTC ling: ​The RTC g a ed he e e i i . I dec a ed he deed f ea e a e gage a d f ec e

ceedi g id he f i gg d : (1) The ife did ig he a d c e a ea ed bef e he N a
b ic ac edge he e ec i f he a e. (2) The ife did ecei e he a ceed a d a a a e f he
a i PNB ified he ha he a d he fa i h d aca e he gaged e . (3) U de he NCC (g e i g
a ), he h ba d c d e c be a ea e f he c j ga a e hi ih he ife c e . The ife
a (a) d i g he a iage, a d (b) i hi 10 ea f he a ac i fi e a ac i a he c ac .

CA ling: ​The CA e e ed he deci i f he RTC he f i gg d : (1) The RTC c c ded f ge ih

ade a e f. (2) The c j ga a e hi i i iab e beca e he a ceed ed ded he be efi f he
fa i . The a a ed e a d he fa i b i e . The ef e, he a i cha geab e agai he c j ga
a e hi .

I e: ​WON he ea e a e gage e ec ed b he h ba d i cha geab e agai he c j ga a e hi - YES

R ling: ​SC affi ed he deci i f CA a d ed i fa f PNB. The f i g i e e ai ed:

1. The e i c ide ed a f he c j ga a e hi f gai beca e (a) i a ac i ed d i g he a iage,
(b) i a gaged PNB d i g he gage, (c) he NCC a he g e i g a a he i e f he gage.

NCC 153. Conj gal pa ne hip p ope incl de (ei he o bo h he po e ):

(a) Th e ac i ed b e i e d i g he a iage
(b) Th e b ai ed b i d , , a aa
(c) F i , e i ee ecei ed d e d i g a iage (ei he f c e e c i e e )

NCC 160. ​A e f he a iage i e ed c j ga , e e be e c i e e f he e.

2. The ife c e ed he e c b a ce f he e , a e ide ced b he ce ifica e f ac edge e gi e b

he a b ic. The c ac i he ef e a b ic d c e a d ca be di ed b e e de ia f he a eged
ig e . A a i ed d c e ca ie i h i he e i f eg a i . A , he e did ee a
ha d i i g e e h c d dec a e ha he ife ig a e e e f ged. M e e , he a e ad i ed ha he
h ba d f ged he ig a e .

B c 5 Page 29 f 74
NCC 166. U e he ife ha bee dec a ed a ​non compos mentis (unsound mind)​, e d h if , i de ci i
i e dic i , i c fi ed i a e a i , he h ba d ca a ie a e e c be a ea e f he c j ga
a e hi ih he ife c e . If he ea ab ef e gi e he c e , he c a c e he
g a he a e.

NCC 173. ​The ife a (a) d i g he a iage, a d (b) i hi 10 ea f he a ac i fi e a ac i a he

c ac f he h ba d e e ed i ih he c e he : (a) c e i e i ed, (b) c ac def a d i ai
he i e e i he c j ga a e hi e .

Sh d he ife fai e e ci e hi , he he hei a de a d he a e f he e fa d e a ie a ed b he

h ba d, af e he di i f he a iage.

3. The a a ica i h ha he a d be ed e c i e f addi i a i g ca i a f b & e f

ga ic a d i gi ia bacc . Deb c ac ed b he h ba d f a d i he e e ci e f he i d fe i b
hich he c ib e he f he fa i ca be dee ed hi e c i e deb . The h ba d a
ed ded he be efi f he c j ga a e hi . He ce, he deb i cha geab e he c j ga a e hi .

NCC 161. Conj gal pa ne hip hall be liable fo :

(a) All deb and obliga ion con ac ed b he h band/ ife fo he benefi of he conj gal pa ne hip.
(b) A ea i c ed ef b iga i hich c i e a cha ge e c i e e f he a e hi .
(c) Mi e ai f ee e e ai he e a a e e ; aj e ai e aae e cha ged
he a e hi .
(d) Maj i e ai he c j ga a e hi e .
(e) Mai e a ce f he fa i , a d he ed ca i f he (a) chi d e f b h e , a d f (b) egi i a e chi d e f
e e
(f) E e e e i he e c eea fe i a , ca i a he c e

(d) If e b gh b i a e , FC A . 118
A . 118. P e b gh i a e aid a f e c i e f d f ei he b h e a d a f
c j ga f d be g he b e b e if f e hi a e ed bef e he a iage a d he c j ga
a e hi if ch e hi a e ed d i g he a iage. I ei he ca e, a a ad a ced b he a e hi
b ei he b h e ha be ei b ed b he e e i ida i f he a e hi

20. ​Jo ellano CA, G.R. No. 100728 J ne 18, 1992​ (​ Jimenea)
Doc ine: ​I a c ac e a c di i a a e, e hi i a fe ed de i e f e b f
a e f he cha e ice. Thi i a a ​pactum reservati dominii ​( c ac a e e a i f i e) a d
i c i ae he i a e a .C ia ce i h he i a ed a e i a e i e c di i , he fai e
f hich e e he b iga i f he e d c e i ef ac i i g bi di g f ce.
Fac : ​O Se e be 2, 1955, Da ie J e a a d Phi i i e A e ica Life I a ce C a (Phi a ife) e e ed
i a ea e a d c di i a a e ag ee e e L 8, B c 3 f Phi a ife Q e Ci De e e P jec
i c di g a b ga ca ed a d a N . 55 S h Ma a D i e, Phi a ife H e , Q e Ci . A hi i e, he
a i a ied Le Di ih h he had 3 chi d e ( e i i e ). U f a e , Le died Ja a 2,
1959. O Ma 30, 1967, Da ie a e a ied A e e ( e de ).

B c 5 Page 30 f 74
O Dece be 18, 1971, Me c (da gh e f fi a iage; e f he e i i e ) a d Gi Ma i e (he h ba d), b i
a e e i a he bac f he aid e . O Ja a 8, 1975, he ea e a aid a d Phi a ife e ec ed a deed f
ab e ae Da ie . The f i g da , he he d a ed he aid e hi chi d e i he fi a iage
( e i i e ). O Se e be 8, 1985, Da ie died a d hi dea h a ed he e e c e (Ci i Ca e Q-52058).
A e e c ai ha he aid e i he c j ga e be gi g he ec d a iage d e he fac ha
he deed f ab e a e a da ed d i g he ce eb a i f hei a iage (Ja . 8, 1975). H e e , e i i e c ai ha
he e e e ac i ed b hei a e (1 a iage) beca e f he ea e a d c di i a a e ag ee e ih
Phi a ife Se e be 2, 1955.
RTC ed ha A e e J e a a -i di i e f he f e .
CA ed ha he f e hi f he bjec e a a fe ed Da ie Ja e a f a e f
he i a ed ice gi i g i e he e ec i f he Deed f Ab e Sa e Ja a 8, 1975.
I ​ he he
e: W he a d b ga c e ed b he ea e a d c di i a a e ag ee e i he c j ga e
f he ec d a iage f he a e Da ie J e a i h A e e. = YES
R ling: ​The ba ic e i ha a c ac hich i c a a , a ,g dc , b ic de b ic ic
ha he f ce f a be ee he c ac i g a ie h d be c ied i h i g d fai h. The c ac e e ed i b
Da ie J e a i ecified a Lea e a d C di i a Sa e Ag ee e i hich he e i ed a ea e e i d
f 20 ea a d a h e a f P288.87 b hich Da ie a e ee- e dee had he igh f e i e he
e a d Phi a ife a e ee a fe ed he e a ea de j e f aid e . I hi ca aci a
e ee- e dee, he abided b a e a d eg a i f Phi a ife i h ega d he e a d e e a i f he e .
I ac ac e a c di i a a e, e hi i a fe ed de i e f e b f a e f
he cha e ice. Thi i a a ​pactum reservati dominii (​ c ac a e e a i f i e) a d i c
i ae he i a e a .C ia ce i h he i a ed a e i a e i e c di i , he fai e f hich
e e he b iga i f he e d c e i ef ac i i g bi di g f ce. I hi ca e, hi h a e ee
i he f f e a i h he ag ee e ha if he fai hf c ied i h a he i a i i he c ac , he a e
d be i effec be c ide ed a a i ai a e be a ied he ede e i ed ice f aid e .
A h gh he had bee i e i f he aid e i ce Se e be 2, 1955, i a Ja a 8, 1975 ha
Phi a ife e ec ed he deed f ab e aei J e a fa . Wi h hi , i i e ide ha Da ie J e a e ide
did e e j ch igh f e hi .
A ic e 256 f he Fa i C de a e ha : Thi C de ha ha e e ac i e effec i fa a i d e ej dice
i ai e ed ac i ed igh i acc da ce i h he Ci i C de he a . The igh f Da ie J e a i ee
a i ch a e a d e ec a igh hich d i e i a e ed igh hi ac i i i f e hi hich
a c i ge hi f a e f he e a a d c ia ce i h a hi c ac a b iga i . Th , f a
e igh be e ed, he e be a a i i f he e ia c i ge he ac a a d he ie a
i ee ha e a ached a hi g, i ha e bec e fi ed e ab i hed a d i ge e d b
c e . Th , ​ pon he e ec ion of aid deed of ab ol e ale on Jan a 8, 1975, f ll o ne hip a e ed
in o Daniel Jo ellano and a ea l a 1967, he a al ead ma ied o Anne e, hi p ope nece a il belonged
o hi conj gal pa ne hip i h hi econd ife. ​The C a de ed ha ei b e e he chi d e f hi fi
ife h d be ade i i e i h he e i e ii f A ic e 118 f he Fa i C de. De i i g he chi d e f
he fi i be fai d e he fac ha he ea e a c ac ed d i g he fi a iage, he ei a i f he
a e ca e f .
​21.​ Ta o a . De Leon, GR 185063, J l 23, 2009 (Lab ado )
Doc ine: ​ I a c ac e , e hi i e ai ed b he e e a d i a ed he b e i f a e f he
ice, i ei ac ac f a e he e i e a e de i e f he hi g d.

B c 5 Page 31 f 74
Fac : ​O J 20, 1965, B ifaci O. De Le , he i g e, a d he Pe e H e i e a d H i g C ai
(PHHC) e e ed i a C di i a C ac Se f he cha e i a e f a 191.30 a e- e e i a ed i
Fai ie , Q e Ci . S b e e , A i 24, 1968, B ifaci a ied A i a de Le i a ci i i e. T hi i
e eb Da i a d Vi a.
F i g he f a e f he c ice f he h cha ed, PHHC e ec ed, J e 22, 1970, a Fi a Deed f
Sa e i fa fB ifaci . Acc di g , T a fe Ce i ca e f Ti e (TCT) N . 173677 a i ed i he a e f
B ifaci , i g e. S be e , B ifaci , f PhP 19,000, d he bjec he i e , Li a, a d h ba d Fe i
Ri Ta a (Ta a ), e i i e he ei . The c e i g Deed f Sa e da ed Ja a 12, 1974 (Deed f Sa e) did bea
he i e c e a d ig a e f A i a.
The eaf e , Ma 23, 1977, B ifaci a d A i a e e ed hei i a ch ch eddi g a S . J h he Ba i
Pa i h i Sa J a , Ma i a. O Feb a 29, 1996, B ifaci died. Th ee h a e , he Ta a egi e ed he Deed f
Sa e a d had TCT N . 173677 ca ce ed. The ec ed he i a ce i hei a e f TCT N . N-173911 f he Q e
Ci Regi e f Deed .
Ge i g i d f he ca ce a i f hei fa he i e a d he i a ce f TCT N . N-173911, Da i a d Vi a ed
Ma 19, 2003 a N ice f Ad e e C ai bef e he Regi e f Deed f Q e Ci ec hei igh e he
bjec e . Ve ch a e , A i a, Da i , a d Vi a ed a ec e a ce i bef e he RTC i Q e Ci . I
hei c ai , A i a a d he chi d e a eged, a g he hi g , ha f a d a e ded he e ec i f he Deed f Sa e
a d ha b e e ac f B ifaci d h ha he a i he e f he a ce f a d. The Ta a , i hei
A e ihC C e c ai , a e ed ha he B ifaci d he a hi e c i e e i a ch
a he a i i g e he he ac i ed i f PHHC. A f he a eged, he e e a a e f he ed a iage
be ee B ifaci a d A i a a he i e f he e ec i f he Deed f Sa e.
I e: ​WON he i e i a he c j ga e f B ifaci a d A i a. ​YES.
RTC R ling: ​Re de ed j dg e i fa f A i a a d he chi d e .
CA R ling: ​The CA e de ed a deci i af a f ha f he RTC. J i e he RTC, he CA he d ha he Ta a
fai ed e h he ega e i ha he a ce f a d i di e a c j ga .
SC R ling: ​Pe i i e a e ha , i ce B ifaci cha ed he f PHHC i a e bef e he a ied A i a,
he a d a B ifaci e c i e e a d c j ga , e e h gh ei a e e e aid a d he i e a
i ed B ifaci d i g he a iage.
We di ag ee. A ic e 160 f he 1950 Ci i C de, he g e i g ii i effec a he i e B ifaci a d A i a
c ac ed a iage, ide ha a e f he a iage i e ed be g he c j ga a e hi e i
i ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d he ife. O f f ac i i i d i g he a iage i eeded
ai e he e i ha he e i c j ga . I fac , e e he he a e i hich he e ie e e ac i ed
d e a ea , he e i i i a , a d he e ie i i be c ide ed c j ga .
I he ca e a ba , e hi e ha a ce a PHHC a d c e ed b he PHHC-B ifaci C di i a C ac
Se a a fe ed d i g he a iage f B ifaci a d A i a. I i e e ed ha a c di i a a e i a i , if
e i ae , ac ac e .I b h e fc ac , he ef cac b iga f ce f he e d b iga i
a fe i e i b di a ed he ha e i g f a f e a d ce ai e e , a he f a e f he cha e
ice, ha if he e i e c di i d e a e ace, he a ie d a d a if he c di i a b iga i had
e e e i ed. I he d , ​in a con ac o ell, o ne hip i e ained b he elle and i no pa ed o he b e
n il f ll pa men of he p ice, nlike in a con ac of ale he e i le pa e pon deli e of he hing old.
S ch i he i a i b ai i g i he i a ca e. The c di i a c ac e e ec ed b a d be ee B ifaci a d
PHHC J 20, 1965 ided ha e hi e a d i e he e i e B ifaci e ec i
f he a deed f a e hich, i , i be effec ed a e f he f cha e ice. E ide , i e he
e i e i a ed B ifaci af e he had f aid he cha e ice J e 22, 1970.

B c 5 Page 32 f 74
Thi f a e , e , a ade e ha (2) ea af e hi a iage A ia A i 24, 1968. I e effec ,
he e a ac i ed d i g he e i e ce f he a iage; a ch, e hi he e i ,b a , e ed
be g he c j ga a e hi .
Pe i i e a g e ha he di ed a B ifaci e c i e e , i ce i a egi e ed e i hi a e,
i e ab e. The e e egi a i fa e i he a e f e ed e de i c j ga a e. Wha i
a e ia i he i e he he e a ac i ed.
The e ca be ibb i g ha A i a c f i he a e f he di ed eii e a e e b ai ed a
ea f a e e ed i he c e i g deed. I ca be e -e ha i ed ha he 1950 Ci i C de i e e ici
he c e e ce f he h ba d a ie a i g e c be i g a ea e f he c j ga a e hi i h he
ife c e . T a eci c i , he a e f a c j ga iece f a d b he h ba d, a ad i i a , ,a a e, be
i h he ife c e . E e, he a e i a id. Acc di g , he Deed f Sa e e ec ed Ja a 12, 1974 be ee
B ifaci a d he Ta a c e i g he PHHC i id.
E e he ii ha B ifaci d hi i f he c j ga a e hi , he a e i i he e ica id,
f ,a e i a ed, he igh f he h ba d he ife e-ha f f he c j ga a e d e e i he
i ida i f he c j ga a e hi .
(e) C edi d e, FC 119
FC 119. ​Whe e e a a c edi a ab e i hi a e i d f i e be g e e, he hich a be
c ec ed d i g he a iage i a ia a e b i a e he i ci a ha be he e c i e e f he
e. H e e , i e e fa i g d e d i g he a iage he i ci a ha be g he c j ga a e hi .

(f) I e e CPG e , FC 120

FC 120. ​The e hi f i e e , he he f ii ad e , ade he e a a e e f he e
a he e e e f he a e hi h gh he ac eff f ei he b h e ha e ai he c j ga
a e hi , he igi a e- e, bjec he f i g e:
Whe he c f he i e e ade b he c j ga a e hi a d a e i g i c ea e i a e a e e ha he
a e f he e a he i e f he i e e , he e i e e f e f he e ha be g he c j ga
a e hi , bjec ei b e e f he a e f he e f he e- e a he i e f he i e e ;
he i e, aid e ha be e ai ed i e hi b he e- e, i e i e bjec ei b e e f he c
f he i e e .
I ei he ca e, he e hi f he e i e e ha be e ed he ei b e e , hich ha be ade a he
i e f he i ida i f he c j ga a e hi .

22.​ M no , J . Rami e , GR 156125, A g 25, 2010 (Maliga )

Doc ine: ​P e ie ac i ed b g a i i e b ei he e d i g he a iage, ha be e c ded f he
c i e a d be he e c i e e f each e.

Fac : ​The bjec f hi ca e i a 77- a e e e e ide ia h e a d ca ed a 170 A. B ifaci S ee ,

Ma da g Ci ( bjec e ) c e ed b TCT N . 7650 f he Regi f Deed f Ma da g Ci i he
a e f eii e M . Mea hi e, he e ide ia i he bjec e a e i c e ed b TCT N .
1427, i he a e f E i da Ra i e , a ied E i e Ca (e de ).

O A i 6, 1989, e de E i e , a BIR e ee, gaged TCT N . 1427, i h e de E i da c e ,

he GSIS ec e a P136,500.00 h i g a , a ab e i hi 20 ea , h gh h a a ded c i f P1,687.66.
Re de he c c ed a 36- a e e e , 2 e e ide ia h e he .

B c 5 Page 33 f 74
O J 14, 1993, he i e he bjec e a a fe ed he e i i e M b i e f a Deed f Ab e
Sa e, da ed A i 30, 1992, e ec ed b E i da, f he e f a d a a e -i -fac f E i e , f a a ed c ide a i f
₱602,000.00.

O Se e be 24, 1993, he e de fi ed a c ai i h he RTC f he ifica i f he deed f ab e a e,

c ai i g ha he e a aeb a gage a ac i , a d he d c e a fe i g he i e he e i i e
M a e e e fa ified.

The e de a eged ha i A i 1992, he e i i e M g a ed he a ₱600,000.00 a , be ec ed b a fi

gage TCT N . 1427; he e i i e M ga e E i da a ₱200,000.00 ad a ce ca ce he GSIS gage, a d
ade he ig a d c e i g be he gage c ac ; he e i i e M i ed gi e he ₱402,000.00
ba a ce he E i da e de TCT N . 1427 i h he GSIS gage ca ce ed, a d b i a affida i ig ed b
Ei e a i g ha he ai e a hi igh he bjec e ; i h he ₱200,000.00 ad a ce, E i da aid GSIS
​
₱176,445.27 ca ce he GSIS gage TCT N . 1427 i Ma 1992, E i da e de ed he e i i e he c ea
TCT N . 1427, b e ed E i e affida i , ig ed; i ce E i e affida i a ig ed, he e i i e M
ef ed gi e he ₱402,000.00 ba a ce a d ca ce he gage, a d de a ded ha E i da e he ₱200,000.00
ad a ce; i ce E i da c d e he ₱200,000.00 ad a ce beca e i had bee ed a he GSIS a , he
eii e M e he i e; a d i 1993, he di c e ed ha TCT N . 7650 had bee i ed i he e i i e M
a e, ca ce i g TCT N .1427 i hei a e.

The e i i e M c e ed ha he e a a a id c ac f a e. He a eged ha he e de d he bjec

e hi af e he ef ed hei ffe gage he bjec e beca e he ac ed a i g ca aci a d e e
i i g a he i cide a cha ge ; he a e a i h he i ied ie e cha e i hi e ea , d i g hich
e i d (f Ma 1, 1992 A i 30, 1993), he e de d ea e he bjec e f a h e a f
​
₱500.00; he he e de fai ed e cha e he bjec e i hi he e- ea e i d de i e ice, he
ca ed he a fe f i e i hi a e J 14, 1993; he he e de fai ed a he h e a de i e
de a d, he fi ed a ejec e ca e agai he i h he Me i a T ia C (MeTC), B a ch 60, Ma da g
Ci , Se e be 8, 1993, i ee da bef e he fi i g f he RTC ca e f a e f he deed f ab e a e.

RTC: ​Di i ed he c ai . C ai ed ha he bjec e a E i da e c i e a a he a e ha a

i he i ed f he fa he . A he d he a e eii e M e e ih E i e c e a he deed f ab e
a e b e he ge i e ig a e f E i da ​a d ​ he e i i e a e d a d e dee, e ec i e . I c c ded ha he
NBI fi di g ha E i e ig a e i he ecia e fa e a d i he affida i e e f ge ie a i ae ia
beca e E i e c e he a e a ece a .

CA: ​A ied ec d a ag a h f A . 158 f he Ci i C de. He d ha ​ he bjec e , igi a E i da e c i e

a a he a e , beca e c j ga e he i a ed a c a e a f a h i g a ha a aid h gh
c j ga f d Ei e h a a ded c i ; he bjec e , he ef e, ca be a id d gaged
ih Ei e c e , a A ic e 124 f he FC. Th , he CA dec a ed id he deed f ab e a e, a d e
a ide he RTC deci i .

I e: ​I he bjec e a a he a c j ga ?

SC R ling: T​ HE SUBJECT PROPERTY IS ERLINDA S EXCLUSIVE PARAPHERNAL PROPERTY. A a ge e a

e, a e ac i ed d i g he a iage, he he he ac i i i a ea ha e bee ade, c ac ed
egi e ed i he a e f e b h e ,i e ed be c j ga e he c a i ed.

B c 5 Page 34 f 74
I he e e ca e, c ea e ide ce ha E i da i he i ed he e ide ia f he fa he ha fficie eb ed hi
​
e i f c j ga e hi . P a A ic e 92 a d 109 f he Fa i C de, e ie ac i ed b g a i
i e b ei he e, d i g he a iage, ha be e c ded f he c i e a d be he e c i e e
f each e. The e ide ia , he ef e, i E i da e c i e a a he a e .

The CA, h e e , he d ha he e ide ia beca e c j ga he he h e a b i he e h gh c j ga f d ,

a i g he ec d a ag a h f A ic e 158 f he Ci i C de a d Ca i i -Ca a . U de he ec d a ag a h f
A ic e 158 f he Ci i C de, a a d ha igi a be ged e e bec e c j ga he c ci f
i e e he e a he e e e f he a e hi . We a ied hi i i i Ca i i -Ca a , he e e he d
ha he he c j ga h e i c c ed a d be gi g e c i e he h ba d, he a d i fac bec e
c j ga , b he h ba d i e i ed ei b e e f he a e f he a d a he i ida i f he c j ga
a e hi .

The ii f hi Cha e [ he C j ga Pa e hi f Gai ] ha a a c j ga a e hi f gai

a ead e ab i hed be ee e bef e he effec i i f hi C de, i h ej dice e ed igh a ead ac i ed
i acc da ce i h he Ci i C de he a , a ided i A ic e 256.

Th , i de e i i g he a e f he bjec e , e efe he ii f he Fa i C de, a d he Ci i

C de, e ce i h e ec igh he a ead e ed.

A ic e 120 f he Fa i C de, hich e ede A ic e 158 f he Ci i C de, ide he i i de e i i g he

e hi f he i e e ha a e ade he e a a e e f he e , a he e e e f he a e hi
h gh he ac eff f ei he b h e . U de hi i i , he he c f he i e e a da
e i g i c ea e i a e a e e ha he a e f he e a he i e f he i e e , he e i e e f
e f he e ha be g he c j ga a e hi , bjec ei b e e f he a e f he e f he
e- e a he i e f he i e e ; he i e, aid e ha be e ai ed i e hi b he
e- e, i e i e bjec ei b e e f he c f he i e e .

I he e e ca e, e fi d ha E i e aid a i f he GSIS a h gh h a a ded c i . F

A i 6, 1989 A i 30, 1992, E i e aid ab ₱60,755.76, he e iea f he GSIS h i g a
i e e , i ce he e i i e ad a ced he ₱176,445.27 aid b E i da ca ce he gage i 1992. C ide i g he
₱136,500.00 a f he GSIS h i g a , i i fai ea ab e a e ha he a e f he e ide ia i
c ide ab e ha he ₱60,755.76 a aid b E i e h gh h a a ded c i .

Th , he bjec e e ai ed he e c i e a a he a e f E i da a he i e he c ac ed i h he
e i i e ; he i e c e fEi e he a ac i a ece a . The NBI fi di g ha E i e ig a e i
he ecia e fa e a d affida i e e f ge ie a i a e ia .

N e he e , he RTC a d he CA a a e fai ed c ide he ea a e f he c ac be ee he a ie .

Di po i i e: ​WHEREFORE, i igh f a he f eg i g, e he eb DENY he e e e i i . The a ai ed deci i a d

e i f he C f A ea i CA-G.R. CV N . 57126 a e AFFIRMED i h he f i g MODIFICATIONS:
1. The Deed f Ab e Sa e da ed A i 30, 1992 i he eb dec a ed a e i ab e gage; a d
2. The e i i e i b iga ed RECONVEY he e de he e c e ed b T a fe Ce ifica e f Ti e N .
7650 f he Regi e f Deed f Ma da g Ci , UPON THE PAYMENT OF ₱200,000.00, i h 12% ega i e e
f A i 30, 1992, b e de i hi NINETY DAYS FROM THE FINALITY OF THIS DECISION.
C agai he e i i e . SO ORDERED.

B c 5 Page 35 f 74
 7. Cha ge a d b iga i f CPG, FC 121, 122
A . 121. The c j ga a e hi ha be iab e f :
(1) The f he e, hei c chi d e , a d he egi i a e chi d e f ei he e; h e e , he
f i egi i a e chi d e ha be g e ed b he ii f hi C de S ;
(2) A deb a d b iga i c ac ed d i g he a iage b he de ig a ed ad i i a - e f he be efi f he
c j ga a e hi f gai , b b h e b e f he i h he c e f he he ;
(3) Deb a d b iga i c ac ed b ei he e ih he c e f he he he e e ha he fa i a
ha e be efi ed;
(4) A a e , ie , cha ge , a d e e e , i c di g aj i e ai he c j ga a e hi e ;
(5) A a e a d e e e f ee e e ai ade d i g he a iage he e a a e e f ei he e; (6)
E e e e ab e ei he e c e ce c eea fe i a , ca i a , he ac i i f
e f-i e e ;
7) A e- ia deb f ei he e i fa a he ha e ed ded he be efi f he fa i ;
(8) The a e f ha i d a ed i ed b b h e i fa f hei c egi i a e chi d e f he
e c i e e fc e ci g c ei ga fe i a ca i a c e he ac i i f
e f-i e e ;a d
(9) E e e f i iga i be ee he e e he i i f d g d e . If he c j ga a e hi i
i fficie c e he f eg i g iabi i ie , he e ha be ida i iab e f he aid ba a ce i h hei
e aae e ie .

A . 122. The a e f e a deb c ac ed b he h ba d he ife bef e d i g he a iage ha be

cha ged he c j ga e ie a e hi e ce i fa a he ed ded he be efi f he fa i . Nei he ha
he fi e a d ec ia i de i ie i ed he be cha ged he a e hi . H e e , he a e f e a
deb c ac ed b ei he e bef e he a iage, ha f fi e a d i de i ie i ed he , a e a he
f i egi i a e chi d e f ei he e, a be e f ced agai he a e hi a e af e he e ibi i ie
e e a ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha e bee c e ed, if he e h i b d h d ha e e c i e e
if i h d be i fficie ; b a he i e f he i ida i f he a e hi , ch e ha be cha ged f ha ha
bee aid f he e ab e- e i ed.

23. ​Ma iano CA, 174 SCRA 59 (Ma a illa )

Doc ine: ​Sec i 17, R e 39 f he R e f C , a h i e a " hi d e ," i.e., "a he e ha he j dg e
deb hi age ," i dica e "hi c ai he e b a e ac i ." The " e ac i " efe ed i he
ec i "i a d h d be a e i e e a a e a d di i c ac i f ha i hich e ec i ha i ed, if i i ed b a
a ge he a e i :" a d i " ch e a a e ac i , he c a i e a i f e i i a i j c i agai he
he iff e j i i g hi f ceedi g i h he e ec i a e." "U he he ha d, if he c ai fi ie he
a f he he iff i he e ec i ceedi g i ade b a a he ac i , a a ge he e , a e ief he ef
a be a ied f i h, a d b ai ed f , he e ec i g c ; a d hi i e e e if a e a ha bee
i eaded i he i ."

Fac : ​The ceedi g a ba c ce (1) a a e b a a ied a e e e ec i agai c j ga e f

a j dg e e de ed agai hi ife, f b iga i i c ed b he a e hi e e gaged i a b i e ha had ad i ed
ed ded he be efi f he fa i , a d (2) he i e fe e ce b a c i h he ceedi g e ec i f a c -e a
c di a e c . B h ac bei g c ibed b a , c ec i i ca ed f a d i he eb be effec ed.

The ceedi g igi a ed f a i fi ed b E he Sa che agai L de Ma ia i he C f Fi I a ce a

Ca ca Ci , f ec e f he a e f adie ead ade d e e a eged cha ed b a d de i e ed he a e .

B c 5 Page 36 f 74
Da ie Sa che , E he h ba d, ade hi e. He fi ed a c ai f a e f he e ec i i he C
f Fi I a ce a Q e Ci i hi ca aci a ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi . He a eged ha he c j ga
a e c d a id be ade a e f b iga i e c i e c ac ed b hi ife, a d ha , e e, e f
he e a e e ied , ch a h eh d a ia ce a d e i ece a i ed i he c j ga d e i g, e e
e e f e ec i .

I e: ​Whe he he c ai ha e e ied i e ec i f a j dg e i e f he j dg e deb , Da ie

Sa che ife, b f he c j ga a e hi f he Sa che S e

R ling:​ I he ca e a ba , he h ba d f he j dg e deb ca be dee ed a a ge he ca e ec ed a d

adj dged agai hi ife. I a ca e, he he b i e e i i he c i i g he i , b e a a e ac i , i i
a ai i g f ei he E he Sa che he h ba d, Da ie , ee ec i f he e f ce e f he i f
e i agai hei c j ga a e . F i bei g e ab i hed, a af e a ed, ha E he had e gaged i b i e ih
he h ba d c e , a d he i c e de i ed he ef had bee e e ded, i a a ea , f he f he fa i ,
he iabi i f he c j ga a e e d f he ife b iga i i he e i e ca be di ed.

24.​ A ala CA, 286 SCRA 272 (Na ag)

FACTS​: Phi i i e B i g Mi (PBM) ec ed a PHP 50,300,000 a f A a a I e e a d De e e
C (AIDC). EVP A f ed Chi g ig ed a e e ded ec i ag ee e ( e ag ee e ) a a added ec i f he
c edi i e ffe ed PBM. PBM fai ed a he a . A a e , A f ed a he d j i a d e e a he d iab e f
he deb . W i f e ec i e e i ed a d e ed 3 c j ga e ie f S e A f ed a d E ca aci
Chi g. The aid e ie e e he a c i ed ff a d e e ac i ed b AIDC.

ISSUE: ​Whe he he c j ga a e hi fS e Chi g a be he d iab e f he deb g a a eed b A f ed

f PBM

RULING: NO, he c j ga a e hi f S e Chi g a be he d iab e f he deb g a a eed b A f ed f

PBM. A ic e 122, a ag a h 1 f he Fa i C de ide ha he a e f e a deb c ac ed b he
h ba d he ife bef e d i g he a iage ha be cha ged he c j ga a e hi e ce i fa a he
ha e ed ded he be efi f he fa i .

I hi ca e, A f ed a he i ci a b ig i he c ac f a . Wha he ig ed a e e a e ag ee e .
He did di ec ecei e he e a d ed i f he e e ci e f hi fe i i d . E e if e i i e
c ai ha A f ed a e i ed ce ai e e be efi i e cha ge f he e ag ee e he ig ed f PBM,
he e i e ide ce hich h ha he e be efi i ha e a di ec be efi hei fa i a d he c j ga a e hi .
The e f he a a ed i he e a i f PBM.

25.Alf edo & Enca nacion​ ​Ching CA and Allied Banking Co p., 423 SCRA 356 (Na a ) 2004
Doc ine: ​I Ta . C f A ea , he c he d ha i i e e ece a e ha he e ie e e
ac i ed i h f d f he a e hi . A g a he e ie e e ac i ed b he a ie d i g he a iage, he a e
e ed be c j ga i a e.
Fac :
1. Phi i i e B i g Mi C a , I c. (PBMCI) b ai ed a f he A ied Ba i g C . (ABC).
2. (PBMCI) E ec i e Vice-P e ide A f ed Chi g e ec ed a c i i g g a a i h he ABC f he a e
f he aid a . The PBMCI defa ed i he a e fa i a ABC fi ed a c ai f f e
agai he PBMCI.

B c 5 Page 37 f 74
 3. T ia c i ed a i f e i i a a ach e agai A f ed Chi g e i i g he he iff f a ach a he
e ie f aid A f ed Chi g a e f he a e f he a .
4. E ca aci T. Chi g, ife f A f ed Chi g, fi ed a M i Se A ide he e a ach e a egi g i e
a ia ha he 100,000 ha e f c e ied b he he iff e e ac i ed b he a d he h ba d d i g hei
a iage f c j ga f d .
5. Pe i i e e a e ha he ce f f d i he ac i i i f he e ied ha e f c i he
c i g fac he i i g he e i f he c j ga a e f c de A . 21 a d ha ch
e i b i e e if he e i egi e ed i he a e f e f he e , i hi ca e,
e i i e A f ed Chi g.
6. he e i i e a g e ha he e hi b iga i a c ac ed i he i f he e i i e -h ba d
fe i b i e .

I e:​ Sh d he C j ga a e hi be he d iab e f he a e f he iabi i ?

R ling​: N .
A ic e 160 f he Ne Ci i C de ide ha a he e ie ac i ed d i g he a iage a e e ed be g
he c j ga a e hi ; e i be ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d, he ife. I Ta . C f
A ea , he c he d ha i i e e ece a e ha he e ie e e ac i ed i h f d f he
a e hi . A g a he e ie e e ac i ed b he a ie d i g he a iage, he a e e ed be c j ga
i a e. I fac , e e he he a e i hich he e ie e e ac i ed d e a ea , he e i i i
a , a d he e ie i i be c ide ed c j ga . The e i f he c j ga a e f he e ie
ac i ed d i g he a iage b i i he ab e ce f c ea , a i fac a d c i ci g e ide ce e c e he a e.

I hi ca e, he e ide ce add ced b he e i i e i he RTC i ha he 100,000 ha e f c i he Ci c

I e e Phi i i e e e i ed a d egi e ed i i c aeb i he a e f he e i i e -h ba d he he
aid c ai a i c a ed Ma 14, 1979. Thi a d e d i g he b i e ce f he a iage f he
eii e- e . The ha e f c a e, h , e ed be he c j ga a e hi e f he e i i e . The
i ae e de fai ed add ce e ide ce ha he e i i e -h ba d ac i ed he c i h hi e c i e e .
The ba efaced fac ha he ha e f c e e egi e ed i he c aeb f Ci c I e e Phi i i e
e i he a e f he e i i e -h ba d d e c i e f ha he e i i e -h ba d, he c j ga
a e hi , ed he a e.

F he c j ga a e hi be iab e f a iabi i ha h d a e ai he h ba d a e he e be a h i g
ha e ad a age acc ed he e . Ce ai , a e a c j ga a e hi e ib e f a iabi i ha
h d a e ai a e e f he e i f a e he bjec i e f he Ne Ci i C de h he
c ce f he ida i a d e bei g f he fa i a a i . The h ba d, he ef e, i de ied he e a e
ece a a d a a ed i he fi a cia abi i f he c j ga a e hi .

I hi ca e, he i a e e de fai ed e ha he c j ga a e hi f he e i i e a be efi ed b he
e i i e -h ba d ac f e ec i g a c i i g g a a a d e hi ag ee e i h he i a e e de f a d
i beha f f PBMCI. The c ac f a a be ee he i a e e de a d he PBMCI, e f he be efi f he
a e .N e i ca be i fe ed f he fac ha he he e i i e -h ba d e e ed i a acc da i
ag ee e ac ac f e , he c j ga a e hi d he eb be be efi ed. The i a e e de a
b de ed e ab i h ha ch be efi ed ded he c j ga a e hi .

B c 5 Page 38 f 74
If he h ba d hi e f i he i ci a b ig i he c ac , i.e., he di ec ecei ed he e a d e ice be ed
i f hi b i e hi fe i , ha c ac fa i hi he e b iga i f he be efi f he
c j ga a e hi . He e, ac a be efi a be ed. I i e gh ha he be efi he fa i i a a e a he
i e f he ig i g f he c ac . F he e a e f he c ac f a e ice , he fa i a d be efi
f he a faci i e ice be e de ed he b i e fe i f he h ba d. I i i a e ia , if i he e d,
hi b i e fe i fai d e cceed. Si a ed, he e he h ba d c ac b iga i beha f f
he fa i b i e , he a e e , a d igh , ha ch b iga i i ed d he be efi f he c j ga
a e hi . I hi ca e, he e i i e -h ba d ac ed e e a a e f he a c ac ed b he PBMCI f he
i ae e de .

26.​ Homeo ne . Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, Ma .11, 2005 (Od onia)
Doc ine: ​U de A ic e 121 f he Fa i C de, "[T]he c j ga a e hi ha be iab e f : . . . (3) Deb a d
b iga i c ac ed b ei he e ih he c e f he he he e e ha he fa i a ha e bee
be e: ed; . . . ." F he bjec e be he d iab e, he b iga i c ac ed b he a e Ma ce i Dai , J .
ha e ed ded he be e: f he c j ga a e hi

Fac : ​The e Mig e a a d Ma ce i Dai b gh a h e a d e i a ed i Sa Pab ci h e e , i

he deed f ab e a e, i a a ed Ma ce i e c di g Mig e a. I 1993, Ma ce i h gh a ecia e
fa e , a h i ed e Li ibe h Ge d ec e a a beha f f he f he e i i e , he H e e
Sa i g a d L a Ba . Ma ce i a ab e ecei e he a f P300,000 f he a a d a ec i he e f,
Ge d e ec ed a ea e a e gage c i i g he bjec e .U a i f he a , he e i i e
i i ed a e aj dicia f ec e f he e a d a he highe bidde , a ce ifica e f a e a a a ded he .
Af e he a e f e ea i h he e bei g edee ed, e i i e , h gh i ice- e ide , c ida ed he
e hi he e f b e ec i g J e 6, 1996 a Affida i f C ida i f O e hi a d a Deed f Ab e Sa e.

I he ea 1995, Ma ce i died a d hi e Mig e a a ha i g he i i he aid e , he a i f ed ha he

e i i e ha a ead a ig ed a ce ai R da B i c ea i e i e a d ha he ca a de ed beca e he
a ed a id a i h a fi e ea i . D e hi , he fi ed f he N i f Rea E a e M gage a d Ce i:ca e f Sa e,
Affida i f C ida i f O e hi , Deed f Sa e, Rec e a ce ihP a e f P ei i a I j ci a d
Da age agai e i i e . The e c ed i fa f ig e a a d a ea , a a affi ed b he CA
a i g ha he e i i deed a f he c j ga a e hi a d i ce he aid gage a ade i h he
c e , i h d be ified. He ce hi e i i .

I e: ​Whe he he deb acc ed b he h ba d f he e de be a fe ed he beca e f - a e he eb

a i g he e i i e a e e hi f he e . - NO

R ling: ​N , beca e acc di g he ii f A ic e 121 f he Fa i C de, "[T]he c j ga a e hi ha be

iab e f : . . . (3) Deb a d b iga i c ac ed b ei he e ih he c e f he he he e e ha he
fa i a ha e bee be efi ed; . . . ." He ce, bef e he Mig e a ca be ade iab e f he deb acc ed b he e
h ba d, i fi be ed ha he a be efi ed he fa i . The b de f f ha he deb a c ac ed f he
be e: f he c j ga a e hi f gai ie i h he c edi - a i iga c ai i g a ch. I hi ca e, he e i i e
a e c ai i g ha he a a ed i d ce i e e i he bjec e h e e , hi a ed b
a e ide ce. F he , hi c ai a b gh hei a ea i he e c a dd e hi , hi c ha
a hei a e a i f hei he beca e i c a e e he ba ic e f fai a a d j ice.. He ce, i hi ca e,
he e ec ed ha he i g f he e c a d he CA e e c ec .

B c 5 Page 39 f 74
 27.​ Ando Campo, GR 184007, Feb a 16, 2011 (Tagle)
Doc ine: ​Si ce he a ed i a e e e a i e ca aci , a d i hi e a ca aci , he e c d be ade
a e f he j dg e b iga i f he c a i . The e a egi e ed i he a e f e i i e
b a f hi ife. She a d e he e bjec f e ec i ih e e bei g a a he ca e. Thi i
be a a de i a i f e ih d e ce .

Fac : ​Pa i A d ( e i i e ) a he e ide f P e ie A ied a d C ac i g Se ice , I c. (PACSI), a

i de e de ab c ac . PACSI hi ed e de a i e ha e a ed a a ca bag f ga f
he a eh e f Vic ia Mi i g C a a d ad he c . I J e 1998, Ca e . a e e di i ed f
e e . The fi ed a ca e f i ega di i a a d e e c ai i h he Na i a Lab Re a i
C i i (NLRC)
The Lab A bi e (LA) i ed a deci i i e de ' fa . PACSI a d A d e e di ec ed a a a f
P422,702.28, e e e i g e de ' e a a i a . NLRC affi ed he LA deci i . U fi a i f he deci i ,
e de ed f i e ec i
C e e , he NLRC i ed a N ice f Sa e E ec i f Pe a P e e a a ce f a d i ed i
he a e f Pa i A d ... a ied E i da S. A d . Thi ed A d fi e a ac i f hibi i a d
da age i h a e f e a e ai i g de bef e he Regi a T ia C . ​Ando claimed ha he p ope
belonged o him and hi ife, no o he co po a ion, and, hence, co ld no be bjec of he e ec ion ale. Si ce i
i he c ai ha a he j dg e deb , e ec i h d be ade he a e ' e ie .
The RTC i ed a O de de i g he TRO a d he d ha i had j i dic i a d decide he ca e. The
RTC ed ha , a he NLRC Ma a he E ec i f J dg e , A d ' e ed a fi e a hi d- a
c ai i h he NLRC She iff. A d fi ed a e i i f ce i a i de R e 65 bef e he C f A ea hich
affi ed he RTC O de i fa a i di i ed he c ai he g d ha i had j i dic i e he ca e.
A d h fi ed he e e e i i . ​He a g e ha he a ne e ed in hi pe onal capaci ​, b i hi
e e e a i e ca aci a e ide f PACSI. Nei he a he e a i dica i i he b d f he Deci i ha he a
ida i iab e i h he c a i . Pe i i e a a e ha he ca ch e be ee fi i g a hi d- a c ai i h he
he iff f he NLRC fi i g a e a a e ac i .

I e: ​WON he e ed b he h ba d a d ife c d be e ied f he deb i c ed b he h ba d (i hi

e e e a i e ca aci a d c a ) - ​NO.

R ling: ​Pe i i e A d c ai ha he e gh be e ied d e be g PACSI, he j dg e deb , b

hi a d hi ife. Si ce he a ed i a e e e a i e ca aci , a d i hi e a ca aci , he e c d
be ade a e f he j dg e b iga i f he c ai .

The TCT f he e bea ha , i deed, i be g e i i e a d hi ife. Th , e e if e c ide e i i e

a a age f he c a i a d, he ef e, a a ge he ca e ch ha he ii hi d- a c ai i
a hi , he e a egi e ed i he a e f e i i e b a f hi ife. She a d e he
e bjec f e ec i ih e e bei g a a he ca e. Thi i be a a de i a i f e
ih d e ce .

The e f he NLRC e ec e i j dg e e e d e ie e i ab be gi g he j dg e
deb a e. A he iff ha a h i a ach he e fa e e ce ha f he j dg e deb . Li e i e,
he e i h i g ha he he iff e e ied e ec e he e ie f he c a i .​ Pe i ion g an ed.

B c 5 Page 40 f 74
O he I e: On J i dic ion: ​CA did e i h di g he RTC' ac f j i dic i e ai he i e e ai f he i
f e ec i i ed b he Lab A bi e . ​The Court has long recogni ed that regular courts have no jurisdiction to hear and decide
questions which arise from and are incidental to the enforcement of decisions, orders, or awards rendered in labor cases b
appropriate officers and tribunals of the Department of Labor and Emplo ment. To hold otherwise is to sanction splitting of
jurisdiction which is obno ious to the orderl administration of justice.
The NLRC Ma a he E ec i f J dg e dea ecifica i h hi d- a c ai i ca e b gh bef e ha b d . I
defi e a hi d- a c ai a e he e a e , a a he ca e, a e i e igh he e i f he e
e ied .
A d a i deed be c ide ed a " hi d a " i e a i he e bjec f he e ec i i - - i he Lab A bi e '
deci i . The e be g a hi d a , i.e., he c j ga a e hi . A he e ea , he C ca c ide ha e i i e '
ife i a hi d a i hi c e ai f he a .
The b ad e g a ed he Lab A bi e a d NLRC b A ic e 217, 218 a d 224 f he Lab C de ca be i e e ed
a e i g i he j i dic i e i cide a i i g f , i c ec i ih eai g ab di e , a he c e de
c ide a i , he e c i f he eg a c .
The e i de i g ha he e e c e a ef he c ai f i ega di i a . The bjec a e f e i i e '
c ai i he e ec i f he NLRC deci i . E ec i i a e e ia a f he ceedi g bef e he NLRC. J i dic i ,
ce ac i ed, c i e i he ca e i fi a e i a ed, a d he e ca be e d he c e ih he f a d e
i e e ai f he c i i ' di ec i e .

(a) Wi h c e
G-Tractors v. CA, 135 SCRA 192 (Repeated)
Ong v. CA 204 SCRA 297 (Repeated)
A ala Investment vs. CA (Februar 12, 1998) (Repeated)

28. ​Sec i Bank . Ma Tie a Co p., G.R. No. 143382, No . 29, 2006 (Tan)
FACTS:​ O Ma 7, 1980, e de Ma Tie a C a i , h gh i e ide , Wi f id Ma i e , a ied f a
P12,000,000 c edi acc da i i h e i i e Sec i Ba . Pe i i e a ed he a ica i . I a ec ed b
a i de i ag ee e e ec ed b i di id a e de Wi f id Ma i e , Mig e . Lac a d Rica d L a h
b d he e e j i a d e ea ih e de c a i f he a e f he a . O J 2, 1980, he
c edi i e ag ee e a a e ded a d i c ea ed P14,000,000.

O Se e be 25, 1981, i a ab e a P4,648,000 f he i ci a a a d P2,729,195.56 f he i e e a d he

cha ge . H e e , e de c ai a ab e a he ba a ce a i ffe ed b i e e e a , e e a
cea i g e a i i 1984.

U ab e c ec he ba a ce f he a , e i i e fi ed a c ai f a f e iha a e f ei i a
a ach e agai e de c ai a di di id a e de i he RTC f Ma a i, B a ch 66. S b e e ,
h e e , e i i e had he ca e di i ed i h e ec Lac a d L a, ea i g Ma i e a e de .
O A g 10, 1982, he RTC i ed a i f a ach e a ea a d e a e ie f e de c ai
a d i di id a e de Ma i e . A a c e e ce, he c j ga h e a d f he e Wi f id a d J efi a
Ma i e i Ba i Ca aa a , Ca ca Ci a e ied .

The RTC e de ed i deci i J e 20, 1994. I he d e de c ai a di di id a e de Ma i e

j i a d e ea iab e e i i e f P5,304,000 i e e .I,h e e ,f d ha he b iga i c ac ed b
i di id a e de Ma i e did ed d he be efi f hi fa i , he ce, i de ed he if i g f he a ach e
he c j ga h e a d f he e Ma i e .
Pe i i e a ea ed he CA b he a e a e c affi ed he ia c ' deci i i . Pe i i e gh
ec ide a i b i a de ied. He ce, hi e i i f Re ie Ce i a i.

B c 5 Page 41 f 74
ISSUE​: Ma he c j ga a e hi be he d iab e f a i de i ag ee e e e ed i b he h ba d
acc da e a hi d a ?

RULING: NO​. U de A ic e 161(1) f he Ci i C de, he c j ga a e hi i iab e f "a deb a d b iga i

c ac ed b he h ba d f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi ." B he a e deb a d b iga i c ac ed b
he h ba d a e c ide ed f he be efi f a d he ef e cha geab e agai he c j ga a e hi ? I a e
ag ee e a acc da i c ac e e ed i b he h ba d i fa f hi e e i hi he c e ai f
he aid ii ?

We ed a ea a 1969 i L S e C . . de Ga cia ha , i ac i g a a g a a e f a he , he
h ba d d e ac f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi a he be efi i c ea i e ded f a hi d a .

I A a a I e e a d De e e C ai . CA, e ed ha , if he h ba d hi e f i he i ci a b ig i
he c ac , i.e., he di ec eci ie f he e a d e ice be ed i f hi b i e fe i , he
a ac i fa i hi he e " b iga i f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi ." I he d , he e he
h ba d c ac a b iga i beha f f he fa i b i e , he e i a ega e i ha ch b iga i
ed d he be efi f he c j ga a e hi .

O he he ha d, if he e e ice a e gi e a he e e i a d he h ba d ac ed a a e
g aa , he a ac i ca b i e f be dee ed a b iga i f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi . I i f he
be efi f he i ci a deb a d f he e hi fa i . N e i i ai ed ha , he a h ba d e e
i ac ac f e acc da i ag ee e , i i f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi . P f be
e e ed e ab i h he be efi ed di g he c j ga a e hi . I he ab e ce f a h i g f be efi
ecei ed b i , he c j ga a e hi ca be he d iab e a i de i ag ee e e ec ed b he h ba d
acc da e a hi d a .

I hi ca e, he i ci a c ac , he c edi i e ag ee e be ee eii e a d e de c ai , a e f
he be efi f he a e . The acce c ac ( he i de i ag ee e ) de hich i di id a e de Ma i e
a ed he b iga i fa e f e de c ai a i i a f he a e ' be efi . Pe i i e had he
b de f i g ha he c j ga a e hi f he e Ma i e be efi ed f he a ac i . I fai ed
di cha ge ha b de .

T h d he c j ga a e hi iab e f a b iga i e ai i g he h ba d a e defea he bjec i e f he Ci i

C de ec he ida i a d e bei g f he fa i a a i . The de i g c ce f he a i he c e a i
f he c j ga a e hi . He ce, i i i he iabi i f he c j ga a e hi deb a d b iga i
c ac ed b he h ba d f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi .

Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011 (Repeated)

(b) Wi h c e
29. ​Co na . Domondon, 180 SCRA 333 (R ol)
Fac :​ S e A ade a d E e a ( e i i e ) C a d i g hei a iage ac i ed 3 a ce f a d i Sa F a ci c
de M e, QC de he a e f A ade C a. O N e be 8, 1975, A ade (68 ea d a ha i e) e ec ed
hi a i a d e a e . O A i , 1977, e a i e f A ade e e ed ha he be b gh Sa a a he e e e
d c e ha eeded hi ig a e e ai i g hi Sa a e ie . Si ce he , A ade e e e ed E e a a d
a ed i h hi i e . Th , a fe d e ed a g A ade e a i e a d E e a e hi c d i gE ea
i i e a e i i f habea c bef e he CFI f QC. [beca e a d acade ic a A ade died]

B c 5 Page 42 f 74
5 da a e (J e 23, 1978), A ade fi ed a ac i f a i i bef e he J e i e D e ic Re a i C . Fai i g
ge E e a c e he de i ed e i i af e e ea ed de a d , A ade a c ai ed e ec e a deed f a e
e he de e i ed i f he c j ga e ih hi ife c e , i fa f La ea a D d
(e de ). A ade died N e be 5, 1978.

A ecia ceedi g a i i ed b E e a i h he CFI f Ri a , c ai i g i di i ha e e he ea ie

e i ed 3 b i e f he deed f a e e ec ed i he fa b A ade . F ac f j i dic i , he ba e c
did e he c ai b dec eed he a a ce f he a i a d e a e a d de ed he i a ce f Le e f
Ad i i a i i fa f E e a.

C e e , a ac i c e E e a gi e he c f i he deed f a e e ec ed b he A ade i fa f
La ea a a i i ed b La ea a i he RTC. The RTC ed i fa f La ea a a d de ed E e a affi he
ig a e i he deed f a e. E e a a ea ed he CA, a ai i g he a idi f he a e. The CA affi ed he RTC
deci i . He ce hi e i i .

I e : ​1) WON he deed f a e e ec ed b A ade e hi ha e ha f f he c j ga a e hi ih he

c e f E e a i a id? N i i i a id
2) WON A ade h i a e e e a e cha geab e he c j ga a e hi ? - YES

R ling:
1) The c he d ha he a e e ec ed b A ade i ​ in alid.
Fi , he e e e f E e a c e i a i g. Sec d , he a eged a e a a a ac f A ade b a
che a ed b he e h e e de i f de i i g he f he i he i a ce hich i ed b he ff fac :
1. A he i e f he e ec i f he deed f a e, A ade a 81 ea f a d g a e i ;
2. Whi e he deed f a e a ig ed b A ade , hi ig a e a i egib e;
3. The babi i ha he a c ci a he i e ha he ig ed he d c e a d ha eb d a ha e g ided
hi ha d i e e;
4. The ab e ce f he ig a e f b h a ie i he ac edg e i f he deed;
5. The a ia ce be ee he da e a ea i g i he deed i e f a d he ac edge e
Thi d , beca e f a f c ide a i . N i he ed b e fi a cia i ca ab e a he cha e ice,
he e i a he ce ai f he a ac a aid.

E e a ai ai ha A ade h i a a d edica bi h d be cha ged agai he c j ga a e hi a

A ade f ee de e ed a d aba d ed he a d hei c j ga h e he he ch e i e i h hi e a i e . She a e
ha hi e a i e he d hi ca i e , a i g i i ib e f he a e ca e f hi .

La ea a he i g f he RTC a d he CA ha he a e a a id, de i e he ab e ce f c e i ce he
di ii f he e-ha f di ided i f he c j ga a e hi e ie a i e ded ge e a e f d
c e A ade edica bi . The e i de i g ha A ade gh he c e fE ea he deed f a e a E e a
ef ed gi e i . He ef a e ed f he be ief ha he deed f a e a e ec ed i f a d f he , e he did
d a hi g i g he aid deed.

Wha a d b A ade i h E ea c e a a de e i ed ha e i he c i e ie . He
ef i ac he ha f ha e ha be g E e a. I a he ef e A ade de a dab e h a ii i e ge ha
i d ced hi e ec e he deed f a e i h he c e f E e a. The c c cede ha he c e fE ea a
e e ia f he a idi f he a e b i hi ca e, he e c e a ea ab i hhe d, he c c ai ed
e a he a ica i f he a .

B c 5 Page 43 f 74
2) The h i a e e e a e ​cha geable o he conj gal pa ne hip​ a A . 161 f he CC
The c j ga a e hi ha be iab e f :
1. A deb a d b iga i c ac ed b he h ba d f he be efi f he c j ga a e hi , a d h e c ac ed b
he ife, a f he a e e, i he ca e he e he a ega bi d he a e hi .
The be efi e i ed i he af e e i ed a ic e eed be a ified i e a e e e f ea e .I i
e gh ha he a ac i d e e di ce ib e
ad a age he c j ga a e hi , di ec i di ec . Th , he hea h a d e -bei g f b h ei he f he
e d ed d he be efi f hei c j ga a e hi .
WHEREFORE, he e i i i he eb DENIED, a d deci i f he C f A ea i AFFIRMED i . Wi h c
agai he e i i e . SO ORDERED.

30.​ Ca lo . Abela do, 380 SCRA 361 (U )

Doc ine: ​The a i he iabi i f he c j ga a e hi a A ic e 121 f he Fa i C de. Whi e
e de did a d ef ed ig he ac edg e e ec ed a d ig ed b hi ife, d b ed , he a
ed ded he be efi f he fa i beca e i a ed cha e he h e a d hich beca e he c j ga h e
f e de a d hi fa i . He ce, i h a di g he a eged ac f c e f e de , de A . 121 f he
Fa i C de, he ha be ida i iab e f ch a ge he i h hi ife.

I e​: Whe he he e a e b h iab e f he a a ed f he e i i e . ​YES

Fac ​: H i Ca , e i i e , a e ed ha e de , Ma e Abe a d a d hi ife Ma ia The e a Ca -Abe a d

a ached hi a d e e ed hi ad a ce he a f USD25 f he cha e f a h e a d ca ed i
Pa a a e, T e ab e a d a i he e c d c hei a iage ife i de e de a d hei . Ca i ed a
chec i he a e f a ce ai P a Va ej , e e f he e , h ac edged he ecei . The a a i f
a e f he e .

Whe Ca i i ed he e he a f he a he a ed he , he a e ac edged hei

b iga i b eaded ha he e e e i a ii a e a defi i e e e e f he a e. Ma e he
e e ed i e e i a ce Ca i i ie he a he e e f a i g ai dea h h ea agai hi .

Ca he ade a f a de a d f he a e b he e fai ed c i h hei b iga i . Th ,

Ca fi ed a c ai f c ec i fa f e f USD25 PHP625K ega i e e a d a a d
e e a da age agai he e i he RTC.

H e e , he e ha i g bee e a a e i fac f e ha a ea he fi i g f he c ai , Ma e
a d hi ife fi ed e a aea e . Ma ia ad i ed ec i g a a ge he i h Ma e ; a d c ai ed ha he a
a a ab e a agge ed ba i he a i ed he Ca de a ded he i edia e a e f he f a .

Whi e he defe da a e ed d e he a a i a i f Se . Be ig A i hi b i e , H.L. CARLOS

CONSTRUCTION ha ffe ed e e d e bac a d a ed ha he USD25 a e e i e ded a a b i a
hi ha e f i c e c ac b ai ed b he c a . A , de ied he a ega i dea h h ea .

RTC R ling​: O de ed he defe da a he USD25 ega i e e ; a a a de e a da age ,

PHP500 a d PHP50 , e ec i e ; a d PHP100 a e fee .
CA R ling: REVERSED​ a d ​SET ASIDE​ f he deci i f he RTC, di i ed he c ai f i fficie c f
e ide ce h ha he bjec a a i deed a ed b he e .A ha he a a he e de
ha e i he fi f H.L. CARLOS CONSTRUCTION.

B c 5 Page 44 f 74
SC R ling: YES.​ The e a e b h iab e f he a ade f he c ci f hei c j ga e ide ce e e
h gh he ha e bee e a a ed i fac f e ha a ea i he fi i g f he c ai . Ne e he e , he he
h ba d did ig he ac edge e .

The a i he iabi i f he c j ga a e hi a A . 121 FC:

A . 121. The c j ga a e hi ha be iab e f :
(2) A deb a d b iga i c ac ed d i g he a iage b he de ig a ed ad i i a - e f he be efi f he
c j ga a e hi f gai , b b h e b e f he i h he c e f he he ;
(3) Deb a d b iga i c ac ed b ei he e ih he c e f he he he e e ha he fa i a ha e
bee be efi ed;
If he c j ga a e hi i i fficie c e he f eg i g iabi i ie , he e ha be ida i iab e f he aid
ba a ce i h hei e a a e e ie .
Whi e e de did a d ef ed ig he ac edge e e ec ed a d ig ed b hi ife, he a ed ded
he be efi f he fa i beca e i a ed cha e he h e a d hich beca e hei c j ga h e. He ce,
he a eged ac f c e f e de , de A . 21 FC, ha be ida i iab e f ch a ge he i h hi ife.

N e n being a ​
ck h lde : A he chec e e ed b he e de , hich he c ai be hi ha e i he fi
f he e i i e c a e e a i he acc f he c a . H e e , he a f USD25 a d a f he
e a acc f he e i i e . A i g be e, he a he e d e hi e ha he a f USD25 a
a f ch fi beca e i a i ed b he e i i e f hi acc . If ch a a e de
ha e f he fi , he he a e h d ha e bee i ed de he acc f he c a .

A , e de fai ed b a ia e hi c ai ha he i e i ed he fi a d i c e f he c ai .
The e a h i g ha e de a a c h de f he c a . Hi a e d e a ea i he A ic e f
I c a i a d he O ga i a i a P fi e f he c a ei he a a c h de ffice .

N e n he dea h h ea : ​Ra d R a , d i e f Ca , dec a ed ha a d 3PM, he a e b Ma ia a e a d

de i e he ac edg e e e Ma e f hi ig . Ma e did ig he ac edg e a d i ead,
e a e e add e ed eii e h ea e i g hi . Thi e i d be c b a ed b a e i he P ice
B e f he P. e P ice S a i a a i g he i cide .

Di po i i e: ​WHEREFORE, he e i i i he eb ​GRANTED​ a d he deci i f he C f A ea i CA-G.R. CV

N . 54464 i ​MODIFIED​ i ha e de i de ed a e i i e he a f (1) US$25,000 i e i a e
i Phi i i e c e c a he i e f a e , ega i e e f A g 4, 1994, i f aid; (2) P50,000.00 a
a da age ; (3) P20,000.00 a e e a da age ; a d (4) P50,000.00 a a e ' fee .

Villanueva vs Chiong, GR 59889, June 5, 2008 (Wenceslao) (Repeated)

31. ​Ra ina Villa-Ab ille, GR No. 160708, Oc . 16, 2009 (Alejaga)
Fac ​: Re de Ma A Pa a Vi a Ab i e a d Ped Vi a Ab i e a e h ba d a d ife. The ha e f
chi d e , h a e a a ie he i a ca e a d a e e e e ed b hei he , Ma A .
I 1982, he e ac i ed a 555- a e e e a ce f a d de i a ed a L 7, ca ed a Ka i g S ee , J a
S bdi i i , Ma i a, Da a Ci , a d c e ed b T a fe Ce ifica e f Ti e (TCT) N . T-88674 i hei a e . Said
i adjace a a ce f a d hich Ped ac i ed he he a i i g e a d hich i egi e ed e i hi
a e de TCT N . T-26471. Th gh hei j i eff a d he ceed f a a f he De e e Ba f he
Phi i i e (DBP), he e b i a h e L 7 a d Ped ' . The h e a fi i hed i he ea 1980' b he
e c i ade i e e , i c di g a h ea da a e .

B c 5 Page 45 f 74
I 1991, Ped g a i e a d bega eg ec hi fa i . Ma A a f ced e gage hei ab e
he fa i a d he die f he chi d e . B hi e f, Ped ffe ed e he h e a d he
he ei e i i e , Pa ci ia a d Wi f ed Ra i a. Ma A bjec ed a d ified he e i i e f he bjec i , b
Ped e he e d he h e a d he ih Ma A ' c e , a e ide ced b a Deed f Sa e ​5 da ed
J e 21, 1991. I a ea he aid deed ha Ma A did ig f he a e. DcCEHI
O J 5, 1991 hi e Ma A a ide he h e a d he f chi d e e e i ch , Ped ge he i h a ed
e be f he Ci i ia A ed F ce Ge g a hica U i (CAFGU) a d ac i g i c i a ce i h e i i e 6​ bega
a fe i g a hei be gi g f he h e a a a e .
Whe Ma A a d he da gh e I g id Vi a Ab i e ca e h e, he ee ed f e e i g i . The ai ed
ide he ga e i e e i g de he ai . The gh he f he Ta P ice S a i , b ice a h i ie
ef ed i e e e, a i g ha i a a fa i a e . Ma A a eged ha he i cide ca ed e , e i a d
a ie he chi d e , ch ha ef ed a ch . Th , e de Ma A a d he chi d e fi ed a
c ai f A e f Sa e, S ecific Pe f a ce, Da age a d A e ' Fee i h P e i i a Ma da
I j c i ​7​ agai Ped a d he ei e i i e ( he Ra i a ) i he RTC f Da a Ci .
D i g he ia , Ped dec a ed ha he h e a b i i h hi e . Pe i i e Pa ci ia Ra i a e ified ha
he b gh he h e a d f Ped

I e ​:
(1) Whe he he e c e ed b TCT N . T-88674 i a e c i e e f Ped c j ga e N .
(2) Whe he i a e b Ped a a id c ide i g he ab e ce f Ma A ' c e N .

R ling​: (1) A ic e 160 f he ​Ne Ci i C de ide , "A e f he a iage i e ed be g he

c j ga a e hi , e i be ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d he ife".
The e i i e i h ega d he c e ed b TCT N . T-26471, hich a a e c i e e f Ped , ha i g
bee ac i ed b hi bef e hi a iage Ma A . H e e , he c e ed b TCT N . T-88674 a ac i ed i
1982 d i g he a iage f Ped a d Ma A . N e ide ce a add ced h ha he bjec e a
ac i ed h gh e cha ge ba e . The e i f he c j ga a e f he e b i i he ab e ce f
c ea , a i fac a d c i ci g e ide ce e c e aid e i e ha he bjec e i
e c i e ed b Ped . ​12 Pe i i e ' ba e a e i d ffice e c e he e i ha TCT N .
T-88674, ac i ed d i g he a iage f Ped a d Ma A , i c j ga . Li e i e, he h e b i he e i
c j ga e , ha i g bee c c ed h gh he j i eff f he e , h had e e b ai ed a a f
DBP c c he h e.
(2) Sig ifica , a ae e c b a ce f c j ga e c c ded af e he effec i i f he ​Fa i C de
A g 3, 1988, i g e ed b A ic e 124 f he a e C de ha ea ch a di ii be id if d e (a)
ih he c e f b h he h ba d a d he ife, (b) i ca e f e e' i abi i , he a h i f he c .
A ic e 124 f he ​Fa i C de​, he g e i g a a he i e he a ai ed a e a c ac ed, i e ici :
ART. 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi e ha be g b h e
j i . I ca e f di ag ee e , he h ba d' deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f
e e ed hich be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .

I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de he e f
di ii e c b a ce hich ha e he a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I​ n
he ab ence of ch a ho i o con en , he di po i ion o enc mb ance hall be oid.

B c 5 Page 46 f 74
 H e e , he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d
e , a d a be e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce b he he e a h i a i b he
c bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe . (E ha i ied.)

The a ic a i i i he ​Ne Ci i C de gi i g he ife e (10) ea a he a ie a i e c b a ce

a ca ied e he ​Fa i C de​. I i h c ea ha a ie a i e c b a ce f he c j ga a e hi
e b he h ba d i h he c e f he ife i a d id.
He ce, j i e he e i ab ec i f e , if he h ba d, i h edge a d c e f he ife,
e c j ga e , ch a e i id. If he a e a i h he edge b ih he a a f he ife,
he eb e i g i a di ag ee e , ch a e i a ab e a he i a ce f he ife h i gi e fi e (5) ea f
he da e he c ac i e e i g he deci i f he h ba d i i e he ca e.
He e, e de Ma A i e fi ed he ac i f a e f a e i hi fi e (5) ea f he da e f a e a d
e ec i f he deed. H e e , he ac i a he a e e ai he c j ga h e a d a dd e
i c de he c e ed b TCT N . T-26471, a e e c i e be gi g Ped a d hich he ca di e f
f ee ih Ma A ' c e .

N , if a idab e c ac i a ed, he e a i f ha ha bee gi e i e . The e a i hi be ee he

a ie i a c ac e e if b e e a ed a a be cha ac e i ed a d c a ed b g d fai h a d fai
dea i g. He ce, i c a ce i h j ice a d e i a d he a a i ci e f -e ich e a a he ' e e e,
Ped i de ed e eii e e he a e f he c ide a i f he c e ed b TCT N . T-88674 a d
he h e he e .

Fuentes v Roca, GR No. 178902, April 21, 2010 (Repeated)

(c) e a deb , FC 122, ​RPC 108

A . 122. The a e f e a deb c ac ed b he h ba d he ife bef e d i g he a iage ha be
cha ged he c j ga e ie a e hi e ce i fa a he ed ded he be efi f he fa i .
Nei he ha he fi e a d ec ia i de i ie i ed he be cha ged he a e hi .
H e e , he a e f e a deb c ac ed b ei he e bef e he a iage, ha f fi e a d i de i ie
i ed he , a e a he f i egi i a e chi d e f ei he e, a be e f ced agai he
a e hi a e af e he e ibi i ie e e a ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha e bee c e ed, if he e h i
b d h d ha e e c i e e if i h d be i fficie ; b a he i e f he i ida i f he a e hi ,
ch e ha be cha ged f ha ha bee aid f he e ab e- e i ed.

RPC A . 108. Ob iga i a e e a i , e a a i f da age , i de ifica i f c e e ia da age a d

ac i de a d he a e; U h i de e . The b iga i a e e ai e a a i f da age a d
i de ifica i f c e e ia da age de e he hei f he e iab e.
The ac i de a d e a i , e a a i , a d i de ifica i i e i e de ce d he hei f he e i j ed.

32. ​People . Lag ima , 29 SCRA 153 (Ba e o)

FACTS​: The a e a , hei f he de ed ic i , Pe agi Cag , fi ed a i f a i agai acc ed F i a
Lag i a f he ab e de c i ed Feb a 15, 1960 i Pa b ja , Sa a . The eaf e , a e a a ch hei ,
fi ed Feb a 27, 1960 a i f he i a ce f a i f e i i a a ach e he e f he acc ed
Lag i a , ch i bei g g a ed i a de f Ma ch 5, 1960. Af e ia , he e c f d he acc ed g i f
he c i e cha ged a d e e ced hi ffe he e a f ec i e e a a d i de if he a e a . A
a ea f he j dg e a e e a ed hi C b he acc ed b he eaf e i hd a , he j dg e , he ef e,
bec i g fi a Oc be 11, 1962.

B c 5 Page 47 f 74
A e a had e e e a ce f a d i he i ce dec a ed f a e i he a e f he acc ed a d he a e
he e f a b ic a c i a ched ed. H e e , he ife f he acc ed, Me cede Ag i e de Lag i a , fi ed a i
a h he i f a ach e a e a he i f e ec i i h he a ega i ha he e e ied be ged
he c j ga a e hi a d, he ef e, c d be he d iab e f he ec ia i de i he h ba d a e i ed
a . He e i i a g a ed a d a he j dge e a ide he aid de . B Me cede fi i g a i f
ec ide a i , a hi d j dge e i ed he igi a de , dec a i g ch a ach e a d he i f e ec i he eaf e
i ed a d id. He ce hi a ea .

ISSUE​: Ma fi e a d i de i ie fa ef dg i f a c i e be e f ced agai c j ga a e hi a e ?

RULING​: N , c j ga a e hi a e ca be he d a e f ci i b iga i fa ef dg i fa
ci e e he e ibi i ie f c j ga a e hi ha bee a i fied.
The applicable Ci il Code p o i ion i no lacking in e plici ne . I a e ha "Fine and indemni ie
impo ed pon ei he h band o ife ma be enfo ced again he pa ne hip a e af e he e pon ibili ie
en me a ed in a icle 161 ha e been co e ed, if he po e ho i bo nd ho ld ha e no e cl i e p ope o if i
ho ld be in fficien ."
I i ade a c di i de hi a ic e f he Ci i C de ha he e ibi i ie e e a ed i A ic e 161, c e i g
i a i he ai e a ce f he fa i a d he ed ca i f he chi d e f he e he egi i a e chi d e f e
f he a e a he b iga i f a efe e ia cha ac e , a e fi a i fied. I i h a a e ha he ega che e
ca be ce ib e he cha ge ha f a a g e i f he a b ei he h ba d ife, he e f he fa i a
be ade bea b de fa e e e e cha ac e .
In he ca e a ba , he e being no e idence p e en ed ha he conj gal pa ne hip ha a i fied he
obliga ion nde A icle 161, he ca e i emanded o he lo e co . The Ci il Code p o i ion, a h o ded,
p eci el minimi e he po ibili ha ch addi ional liabili of an acc ed o ld be ende ed n ga o . I d i g
j ice he hei f he de ed ic i , i j ice i c i ed agai he fa i f he ffe de . I i ade a
c di i de hi a ic e f he Ci i C de ha he e ibi i ie e e a ed i A ic e 161, c e i g i a i he
ai e a ce f he fa i a d he ed ca i f he chi d e f he e he egi i a e chi d e f e f he a
e a he b iga i f a efe e ia cha ac e , a e fi a i fied. I i h a a e ha he ega che e ca be
ce ib e he cha ge ha f a a g e i f he a b ei he h ba d ife, he e f he fa i a be ade
bea b de f a e e e e cha ac e . C ide i g ha he b iga i e i ed i A ic e 161 a e
ec ia i hi he edge f he h ba d f he ife h e c j ga a e hi i ade iab e, he f
e i ed f he be eficia ie f he i de i h d be f he e ac i g i d, di a c edibi i ffici g.
O he i e, he h ba d he ife, a he ca e a be, e e e i g he c j ga a e hi , a fi d he e ai
ag if i b iga i i e i ib e a defea he igh f ec e f he fa i f he ffe ded a . He ce, fi e a d
iabi i ie i c ed b a ef dg i faci e a be e f ced if he c j ga a e hi a e ha e fi
a i fied he e ibi i ie e e a ed de A ic e 161.

DISPOSITIVE​: WHEREFORE, he a ea ed de i e a ide a d he ca e e a ded he c f igi f he

ece i f e ide ce i acc da ce i h hi i i . Wi h c agai a e ee Me cede Ag i e de Lag i a .

Buado vs Buado, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009 (Repeated)

Pana vs. Heirs of Juanite, Sr., G.R. No. 164201, December 10, 2012 (Cerrero) (Repeated)

(d) i i g f ga b i g, FC 123
A . 123. Wha e e a be d i g he a iage i a ga e f cha ce i be i g, ee a e , a he i d f
ga b i g he he e i ed hibi ed b a , ha be b e b he e a d ha be cha ged he c j ga
a e hi b a i i g he ef ha f a f he c j ga a e hi e .

B c 5 Page 48 f 74
 8. O e hi , ad i i a i a d e j e
(a) J i ad i i a i , FC 124 cf. FC 96, 142
A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .

A . 96. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c i e ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .

A . 142. The ad i i a i fa ca e fe c i e e f ei he e a be a fe ed b he c he
he e:
(1) Whe e e bec e he g a dia f he he ;
(2) Whe e e i j dicia dec a ed a ab e ee;
(3) Whe e e i e e ced a e a hich ca ie i h i ci i i e dic i ;
(4) Whe e e bec e a f gi i e f j ice i i hidi g a a acc ed i a c i i a ca e.
If he he ei a ified b ea fi c e e ce, c f ic f i e e , a he j ca e, he c ha
a i a i ab e e be he ad i i a . ( )

33. ​G iang CA, 291 SCRA 372 (Dimen)

Doc ine: ​The a e f a c j ga e e i e he c e f b h he h ba d a d he ife. The ab e ce f he
c e f e e de he a e a d id, hi e he i ia i he e f a e i e e idab e. O i he a e ca e
ca a ifica i c e he defec .

Fac : ​P i a e e de Gi da C a d J die C a e ega a ied e . The e e a ied Dece be

24, 1968 i Bac d Ci , bef e a j dge. Thi i ad i ed b eii e - e A i a d L i i da G ia g i hei
a e,a da ad i ed b defe da J die C he he e ified i c , a h gh he a e a ha he ee
a ied i 1967. The c e ha e h ee chi d e , a e : J ie - 18 ea d, Ha ie - 17 ea f age, a d J die J ji,
he ge -15 ea f age.

S ei e Feb a 14, 1983, he c e Gi da (a e dee) a d J die C , b gh a 421 . e e ca ed i

Ba a ga Ge . Pa i Sa , K ada , S h C aba , a d a ic a a L 9, B c 8, (LRC) f
Ma e Ca ej h ig ed a e d h gh a c di i a deed f a e f a a c ide a i f P14,735.00. The
c ide a i a a ab e i i a e , i h igh f ca ce a i i fa f e d h d e dee fai a h ee
cce i e i a e .
O A i 22, 1988, he c e Gi da a d J die C d e-ha f i f hei L N . 9, B c 8, (LRC) he
eii e - e A i a d L i i da G ia g. The a e ha e i ce he cc ied he e-ha f i a db i
hei h e he e . The a e h adj i i g eighb f he C e . Whe Gi da C ef f Ma i a ei ei
J e 1989. She a i g f ab ad, i he Midd e Ea . U f a e , he beca e a ic i fa
c i ega ec i e . She a ab e g ab ad. He de a e f Ma i a f i he Midd e Ea
a i h he c e f he h ba d J die C .

Af e hi ife' de a e f Ma i a, J die C ed e h e he c j ga d e i g. He a ed f he
i e a hi ace f a Sa aha g Na B i di g, a h e , e a a , a d a c e a i e. Thei da gh e He ie
C e ch a Ki g' C ege, K ada , S h C aba , b he a a he a e i e i g a h eh d
he f, a d a i g a , he h e f M . Pa e . He b he J ie a i g. He ge i e J die (J jie) a
g i g ch . He he e i e e he e .

B c 5 Page 49 f 74
S e i e i Ja a 1990, Ha ie C ea ed ha he fa he i e ded e he e ai i g e-ha f i
i c di g hei h e, f hei h e G ia g . She ea e e he he i f i g he . He he e ied ha
he a bjec i g he a e. Ha ie , h e e , did i f he fa he ab hi ; b i ead ga e he e e M .
L i i da G ia g ha he (L i i da) d ad i e he fa he .

H e e , i he ab e ce f hi ife Gi da C , defe da J die C hed h gh he a e f he e ai i g

e-ha f i f he . O Ma ch 1, 1990, he d defe da L i i da G ia g h a d c e a Deed
f T a fe f Righ he e ai i g e-ha f i f hei a d he h e a di g he e f a a c ide a i f
P30,000.00 f hich P5,000.00 a be aid i J e, 1990. T a fe J die C ' chi d e J ie a d Ha ie ig ed
he d c e a i e e .

Ma ch 5, 1990, c e ha e e defec i J die C ' i e e he a fe ed, L i i da G ia g a e dee

e ec ed a he ag ee e e he , hi i e i h Ma e a Ji e e Ca ej , a id f he igi a egi e ed
e f h he c e J die a d Gi da C igi a b gh he , h ig ed a e d f a c ide a i
f P9,000.00. S e i e Ma ch 11, 1990, Gi da e ed h e. She f d he chi d e a i g i h he h eh d .
O J die a a i g i hei h e. Ha ie a d J ji e e i h M . Pa e ., Gi da ga he ed he chi d e ge he a d
a ed a hei h e.. He h ba d a he e be f d. She a i f ed b he chi d e ha hei fa he had
a he ife.

F a i g i hei h e d b he h ba d, Gi da a c ai ed agai b L i i da G ia g a d he h ba d
A i G ia g bef e he Ba a ga a h i ie f e a i g. O Ma ch 16, 1990, he a ie he ea ig ed a d c e
f a icab e e e e . S e G ia g f ed h he a icab e e e e ih a i f he e ec i f he
a icab e e e e , fi i g he a e i h he M ici a T ia C fK ada , S h C aba . The ceedi g a e
i e di g bef e he aid c , i h he fi i g f he ca e a ba .

RTC R ling: ​The j dg e i e de ed i fa f Gi da C , dec a i g b h he Deed f T a fe f Righ a d he

a icab e e e e a id a d f effec . Rec g i i g a a f a d a id he e hi a d e i f Gi da
C e he e ai i g e-ha f i f he L . O de i g Gi da C ei b e L i i da G ia g he
a f P9,000.00 c e di g he a e ade b G ia g Ma e Ca ej f he aid ba a ce f he
acc f Gi da i fa f Ma e Ca ej , a d a he f P379.62 e e e i g e-ha f f he a f ea
a e aid b G ia g . Di a i fied, e G ia g fi ed a a ea i h he C f A ea .

CA R ling: CA f d e e ib e e i he ia c ' i g ha a a ie a i e c b a ce b he h ba d f
he c j ga e ih he c e f hi ife i a d id a ided de A ic e 124 f he FC. I a
ejec ed e i i e ' c e i ha he a icab e e e e a ified aid a e, ci i g A ic e 1409 f he C de hich
e e ba a ifica i f he c ac ecified he ei , a ic a h e " hibi ed dec a ed id b a ."
The M i f Rec ide a i a i i a de ied b he a e c i i a ai ed Re i . He ce, hi e i i .

I e: ​Whe he he c ac (Deed f T a fe f Righ ) e ec ed b J die i h he c e f hi ife i

a d id.

R ling: ​Ye , he aid c ac e fa i hi he a bi f A ic e 124 f he Fa i C de, hich a c ec

a ied b he e c :
A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi f e ha be g b h e j i .I
ca e f di ag ee e , he h ba d' deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .

B c 5 Page 50 f 74
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de he e f
di ii e c b a ce hich ha e he a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. ​In the
absence of such authorit or consent, the disposition or encumbrance shall be void. H e e , he a ac i ha be
c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be e fec ed a a
bi di g c ac he acce a ce b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i i hd a b
ei he b h ffe .

The ega i i i c ea . The di ii e c b a ce i id. U de A ic e 166 f he Ci i C de, ​the husband

cannot generall alienate or encumber an real propert of the conjugal partnership without the wife's consent​. The
a ie a i e c b a ce if ade h e e i a d id. I i e e idab e. The ffe ded ife a b i g a
ac i a he aid a ie a i e c b a ce. Th he ii f A ic e 173 f he NCC, i:
A . 173. The ife a , d i g he a iage a d i hi e ea f he a ac i e i ed, a he c f he
a e fa c ac f he h ba d e e ed i ih he c e , he ch c e i e i ed, a ac
c ac f he h ba d hich e d def a d he i ai he i e e i he c j ga a e hi e . Sh d he ife
fai e e ci e hi igh , he he hei af e he di i f he a iage, a de a d he a e f e fa d e
a ie a ed b he h ba d.

Thi a ic a i i gi i g he ife e (10) ea d i g he a iage a he a ie a i e c b a ce a

ca ied e he Fa i C de. I i h c ea ha a a ie a i e c b a ce ade af e A g 3, 1988 he
he Fa i C de effec b he h ba d f he c j ga a e hi e ih he c e f he ife i
a d id. F he e, i be ed ha he f a d a d i i ida i efe ed b e i i e e e e e a ed i he
e ec i f he d c e e b d i g he a icab e e e e . Gi da C a eged d i g ia ha ba a ga a h i ie
ade he ig aid d c e h gh i e e e a i a d c e ci . I a e e , i e ec i d e a e he id
cha ac e f he deed f a e be ee he h ba d a d he eii e - e . The fac e ai ha ch c ac a
e e ed i ih he ife' c e .

I , he i f he c ac f a e i e i ed he ab e ce f i a e e de ' c e . T c i e a a id
c ac , he Ci i C de e i e he c c e ce f he f i g e e e : (1) ca e, (2) bjec , a d (3) c e , he a
e e e bei g i d bi ab ab e i he ca e a ba .
WHEREFORE, he C he eb DENIES he e i i a d AFFIRMS he cha e ged Deci i a d Re i .C
agai eii .

34.​ Melania Ro a . CA and An onio Ca e ano 198 SCRA 541 [1991] (Deloca io)
Doc ine: ​U de he Ne Ci i C de (NCC), "A . 165. The h ba d i he ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi ," i
ie f he fac ha he h ba d i i ci a e ib e f he f he ife a d he e f he fa i . If he
c j ga a e hi d e ha e e gh a e , i i he h ba d' ca i a ha i e ib e f ch , he
a a he a e . Re ibi i h d ca a h i i h i . The h ba d i a di a ad i i a , f
hi e a e e ad i i a ha igh di e f, e , he i e a ie a e he e bei g ad i i e ed, he
h ba d ca d i ce ai ca e a ed b a . He i e i ed b a e de a acc i g. Ac d e de
ad i i a i d eed he i c e f he ife.

Fac : ​Me a ia A. R a , e i i e , a d A i M. Ca e a , i a e e de , b h f he f ega age, e e

a ied each he , b e e i i g e a a e . Me a ia a i i g i Q e Ci a d A i a i i g i
Pa a a e. Rece , Me a ia ea ed ha he e a ged h ba d had e e ed i ac ac f ea e i h defe da
A i M. Ca e a ei e Ma ch 30, 1987 c e i g a i f hei c j ga i a ed a 854 Q i i
High a , N a iche , Q e Ci , i h he edge.

B c 5 Page 51 f 74
O he a e , Me a ia had a ed he f ea a e i h a ea e (20) a a d i i- a f g ce
a dd g d ie f hich he had fi ed a a ica i f he c e di g Ma ' Pe i a d M ici a Lice e
hich had bee a ed i ce 1986, b he he a e ed e e i f 1986, he a e a di a ed a h
d e he c ai dged b defe da A i M. Ca e a h e a ica i f e e a f Ma ' Pe i a d
Lice e f he a e b i e f i g a f ea a e , had bee a eged ea ie a ed. The a i g a d i i ia
c ci f ai iff jec he b i e f f ea a e a d i i- a g ce a d e a d d e
hich he had i e ded eae a b he e f a d ea e he e f he e (20) a he e , he had e e
P135,000.00 f he aid c c i , i c di g a e ia a d ab , he e he had e ec ed ea a dai e i c e
i he i i a f P500.00 dai .
D e he i ega ea e c ac e e ed i be ee he he ei defe da a d he e a a f de i a i
f ai iff f e a i g he egi i a e b i e he a e f hich he i a c j ga e , ai iff ha bee
c e ed ee ed e a d e i a e he g ie a ce he c f hich he ha e gage he e ice f c e ih
h he ag eed a a a df a e ' fee he f P10,000.00; he a e i ae 20% f ha e e
da age a be a a ded he i addi i he f P500.00 e a ea a ce i c .
The CA di i ed f fai e a e a fficie ca e f ac i .

I e: ​Whe he a h ba d, a he ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi , a ega e e i ac ac f
ea e i i g c j ga ea e ih he edge a d c e f he ife. N .

R ling: N , he h ba d a e e i ac ac f ea e i i g c j ga e ih he edge a d
c e f he ife. E e if he h ba d i ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi , ad i i a i d e i c de ac
f e hi . F hi e he h ba d ca ad i i e he c j ga a e ha e ed, he ca a ie a e e c be he
c j ga ea .
U de A . 1643 f he Ne Ci i C de "I he ea e f hi g , e f he a ie bi d hi e f gi e a he
he e j e e f a hi g f a ice ce ai , a d f a e i d hich a be defi i e i defi i e...." Th , ea e i a
ga f ea d e i :i i ag a f e i . I he c ac f ea e, he e a fe hi igh f e
i fa f he e ee. The e ' igh f e i i ai ed, he ei . He a e e be ejec ed b he e ee if he e e
he ea ed ea . Lea e i a e c b a ce b a a a ified a ie a i , i h he e ee bec i g, f a ega
i e a d e , a d bjec i e , he e f he hi g affec ed b he ea e.
Si ce Me a ia c e ea e hei c j ga e i Q e Ci a ec ed b A i , he ha he
ega igh fi e f a ac i fa e he ea e c ac e e ed i b A i .
NOTE​: O a ie a i a d e c b a ce - A a ed i B ac ' La Dic i a , he d "a ie a i " ea " he
a fe f he e a d e i f a d, e e e , he hi g f e e a he ... The ac b hich
he i e ea e a e i a i a ig ed b e e a he a d acce ed b he a e , i he f e c ibed b
a ." Whi e e c b a ce "ha bee defi ed be e e igh , i e e i , he a d hich a b i i hi d
e , he di i i f he a e f he a d, b c i e i h he a i g f he fee b he c e a ce; a (ac )
ha i ai he e a fe f e ea e a e..."
Di po i i e: ​PREMISES CONSIDERED, he deci i f he C f A ea i he eb SET ASIDE a d hi ca e i
he eb REMANDED he Regi a T ia c f f he ceedi g .SO ORDERED.

35.​ Docena . Lape a, 355 SCRA 658 (Dac a)

DOCTRINE: The h ba d a ea ab be e ed ha e e a edge f he fi i g -fi i g b hi
ife f a ac i c ai i ia he e i i f ce i a i a d hibi i gi e he ice a d ega ce e
i ed i a ega ceedi g i i g ea e . The C a ee j ifiab e ea h he a a f
de a e ge he i h hi ife i f he c fa i i a ac i ceedi g hich a be fi ed. If a b d
a e dia e he ce ifica i de a i g f ha i g bee i c ec ade, i i he ife h a c cei ab d .

B c 5 Page 52 f 74
FACTS: P i a e e de Ca ia H b ia fi e a C ai f he ec e f a a ce f a d agai hi e ee ,
eii e- e A i a d A f eda D ce a. Pe i i e c ai ed e hi f he a d ba ed cc a i i ce i e
i e ia . A ce ai G i e Ab da i e e ed i he ca e.

The ia c ed i fa f he e i i e a d he i e e . The C f A ea e e ed he j dg e
a d de ed he e i i e aca e he a d he ha e ea ed. The M i f E ec i fi ed b H b ia a g a ed
b he b ic e de j dge a d a Wi f E ec i a i ed he ef . H e e , he b ic e de he iff
e e ed be c a ified i he de e i ai f ha a ic a i hich i gh be e c ded i he de i e
f he a d adj dged i fa f he ai iff.

The b ic e de j dge he d ha a e h d be ade a e dif he deci i f he C f

A ea . Wha h d be de i e ed he ef e he ai iff i ha i ea ed b he defe da f he ai iff
e c di g he i ha ha e ec ai ed f he ea a d f a f he h e.

The , he he iff i ed a W i f De i i . Pe i i e fi ed a M i Se A ide he W i f De ii .

H e e , i a de ied. A Pe i i f Ce i a i a d P hibi i a fi ed b he e i i e i h he C f A ea
a egi g g a e ab e f di c e i he a f he ia c j dge i i i g he O de a d f he he iff i i i g W i
f De ii .

The CA di i ed he e i i g d ha (1) i a fi ed be d he 60-da e i d a d ha (2) he

ce ifica i f -f h i g a ig ed b e f he e i i e . The ​ e i i e a g e ha i ce he a e
e ihj i i di i ib e i e e e he a eged c j ga e bjec f he igi a ac i hich ga e i e
he e i i f ce i a i a d hibi i , he ig i g f he ce ifica e f -f h i gb e f he
d ffice, e ecia c ide i g he g di a ce he had a e j ig he aid ce ifica e.

ISSUE:​ Whe he i i fficie ha he ce ifica i f -f h i g a ig ed b he h ba d? YES.

RULING: YES. I ha bee he C e i i g ha he ce ifica e f -f h i g h d be ig ed b a

he e i i e ai iff i a ca e, a d ha he ig i g b e f he i i ficie . ​Ho e e , in he ca e a ba ,
he Co hold ha he bjec Ce ifica e of Non-Fo m Shopping igned b he pe i ione An onio Docena alone
ho ld be deemed o con i e b an ial compliance i h he le . ​The e a e e i i e i hi ca e a d
he a e h ba d a d ife. Thei e ide ce i he bjec e a eged be c j ga i he i a e ified e i i .
The Ve ifica i /Ce ifica i N -F Sh i g ​a ached he Pe i i f Ce i a i a d P hibi i a ig ed
b he h ba d h ce ified, i e a ia, ha he a d hi ife ha e c e ced a he ac i ceedi g
i i g he a e i e ai ed i he e i i i a c , ib a a i- j dicia age c ; ha he be f hei
edge ch ac i i e di g he ei ; a d ha he a d hi ife de a e i f he C i hi (5) da f
ice f a i i a ac i ceedi g hich a ha e bee fi ed.

The e bjec f he igi a ac i f ec e i c j ga . Whe he i i c j ga de he Ne Ci i

C de he Fa i C de, a fac ha ca be de e i ed f he ec d bef e , i i be ie ed ha he ce ifica e
-f h i g fi ed i he C f A ea c i e fficie c ia ce i h he e f - h i g.

U de he ​Ne Ci il Code​, he h ba d i he ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi . ​I fac , he i he e

ad i i a , a d he ife i e i ed a a a e f igh j i hi i hi e dea . ​The h ba d a he a
ad i i a f he c j ga e c d ha e fi ed he e i i f ce i ai a d hibi i a e, i h he
c c e ce f he ife. If i defe d a i e e i he c j ga e ie a be fi ed b he h ba d a e, i h
e ea , he a ig he ce ifica e f -f h i g be a ached he e i i .

B c 5 Page 53 f 74
 U de he ​Famil Code​, he ad i i a i f he c j ga e be g he h ba d a d he ife j i .
H e e, i e a ac f a ie a i e c b a ce he e he c e fb h e i e i ed, j i a age e
ad i i a i d e e i e ha he h ba d a d ife a a ac ge he . Each e a a id e e ci e f
e f a age e a e, bjec he i e e i f he c i e ca e a ided de A ic e 124 f he
Fa i C de. ​I i be ie ed ha e e de he ii f he Fa i C de, he h ba d a e c d ha e fi ed he
e i i f ce i a i a d hibi i c e he i f de i i i ed agai he c j ga e i h he C
f A ea ih bei g j i ed b hi ife. The ig i g f he a ached ce ifica e f -f h i g b he
h ba d i a fa a defec .

Wi h hi , he igning pe i ione he e made he ce ifica ion in hi behalf and ha of hi ife. The h band
ma ea onabl be p e med o ha e pe onal kno ledge of he filing o non-filing b hi ife of an ac ion o
claim imila o he pe i ion fo ce io a i and p ohibi ion gi en he no ice and legal p oce e in ol ed in a legal
p oceeding in ol ing eal p ope . The C a ee j ifiab e ea h he a a f de a e
ge he i h hi ife i f he c f a i i a ac i ceedi g hich a be fi ed. If a b d a
e dia e he ce ifica i de a i g f ha i g bee i c ec ade, i i he ife h a c cei ab d .

I bea e i g ha he e f h i g, hich e e de ig ed e a d faci i a e he de

ad i i a i f j ice, h d be i e e ed i h ch ab e iea e a b e i i ae a d
egi i a e bjec i e.

WHEREFORE, e i e c ide ed, he e i i i he eb GRANTED. The CA Re i da ed J e 18, 1999 a d

Se e be 9, 1999 a e he eb SET ASIDE a d he ca e i REMANDED he C f A ea f f he ceedi g .

36.​ Alina Alina , GR No. 158040, Ap il 14, 2008 (E angeli a)

Doc ine: ​ A ic e 124 f he FC ide ha The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi e
ha be g b h e j i I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he
ad i i a i f he c j ga e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d
i c de he e f di ii e c b a ce hich ha e he a h i f he c he i e c e f
he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i c e he di ii e c b a ce ha be id.

Fac : ​S e O e if a d R a i (Pe i i e ) e a a ed e i e i 1982, i h R ai i g Pagadia Ci

a d O e if i g Ma i a. The ef behi d (1 i h a b dega a di g i a d he 2 d i h hei
h e). O e if a d Vic (Re de ) a e b he . Pe i i e a eged ha he e ed he e ie Vic a d
Ee a( e de ) i h he ag ee e ha he i c e f he e a f he e ie d be e i ed he SSS a d
he R a Ba fO ie a Ci , a he e a e e be ie ed a ff he a f he e i i e . The i h he
b dega a gaged f a a b ai ed f he RBO hi e he i h he h e a gaged he SSS.
O e if a ege he ef b a a e i h hi ig a e he faci i a e he ad i i ai f aid e ie .

I 1993, e i i e di c e ed ha he e e egi e ed de he e de . The gaged had bee

f ec ed a d ec e ed he e de . O e if ig a e a a ea i a Ab e Deed f Sa e he
e de i h ec d f a ai ed d c e he e O e if ac edged ha hi b he Vic ed hi
e edee he a d beca e he e f he . I he a e ag ee e , e i i e O e if ai ed ha e e
igh , c ai , a d i e e he hi hei , cce a d a ig ha e a ha e e he bjec e .

Pe i i e fi ed i he RTC f O a i Ci a c ai f ec e f e i a d e hi f hei c j ga
e ie i h da age . H e e , he RTC ed ha :

B c 5 Page 54 f 74
 1. Vic a d E e a e e he e f he a d i h he B dega
2. O e if a d R a i e e he e f he a d i h he h e beca e he a e i h he c e f hi ife
a a d id
The CA dified hi a d ed ha f he a d i h he h e be g R a i a he ife ha e.

I e: Whe he o no he ale of he land i h he ho e(conj gal p ope ) o he e ponden i alid? - NO

R ling: ​A ic e 124 f he FC ide ha The ad i i ai a de j e f he c j ga a e hi e ha

be g b h e j i I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he
ad i i a i f he c j ga e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . ​The e e d
i c de he e f di ii e c b a ce hich ha e he a h i f he c he i e c e f
he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i c e he di ii e c b a ce ha be id.

I H e e Sa i g & L a Ba . Dai ,19 he C ca eg ica a ed h : I G ia g . C f A ea , i

a he d ha he a e f a c j ga e e i e he c e f b h he h ba d a d ife. I a i g A ic e 124 f
he Fa i C de,​ hi Co decla ed ha he ab ence of he con en of one ende he en i e ale n ll and oid,
incl ding he po ion of he conj gal p ope pe aining o he h band ho con ac ed he ale.​ B e e
ii f A ic e 124 f he Fa i C de, i he ab e ce f (c )a h i i e c e f he he e, a
di ii e c b a ce f he c j ga e ha be id. Th , a A ic e 124 f he Fa i C de a d
j i de ce, he a e f e i i e ' c j ga e ade b e i i e O e if a ei id i i e i e . I
h d be ed ha e de e e e e a a e ha he a d i h he h e i a c j ga e f eii e .
The a e ha he di i i bei g ade b O e if i ih he c e f hi ife, a he e ha
e i i e had e a a ed, a d, he a e d c e d bea he ig a e f e i i e R a i . H e e he Pe i i e
ei b e he e de he ef ded cha e ice a he a e f 12% e a i ee .

37.​ Aggabao . Pa lan, G.R. No. 165803, Sep . 1, 2010 (E c de o)

Doc ine: ​The a e a ade Ma ch 18, 1991, af e A g 3, 1988, he effec i i f he FC. The e a
a i , he ef e, A ic e 124 f he FC, f i i e ed ha a a ie a i e c b a ce f c j ga e ade
d i g he effec i i f he FC i g e ed b A ic e 124 f he FC. A ic e 256 f he FC a e ha he ii f
he FC a a e ac i e ided e ed igh a e i ai ed.

I T . Fe a de , 330 SCRA 718 (2000), he C ejec ed he e i i e a g e ha he FC did a

beca e he ac i i i f he c e ed e had cc ed i he effec i i f he FC, a d i ed ha
Fa i C de c d a e ac i e if he a ica i d ej dice a e ed ac i ed igh e i i g bef e
he effec i i f he Fa i C de. I hi ca e, h e e , he e i i e did h a e ed igh i he e
ac i ed i A g 3, 1988 ha e e ed hei i a i f he e ac i e a ica i f he Fa i C de.

Fac :
1. I Ja a 1991, ea e a e b e A a aci ffe ed 2 ca ed i Pa a a e S . Re a d C ce ci
Aggaba .
2. O Feb a 2, 1991, he Aggaba e i h E e a Pa a (E e a) a he i e f he e a d h ed
he he f i gd c e :
a. e igi a c f he TCT f he 2
b. a dec a a i
c. a c f he SPA da ed Ja a 7, 1991 e ec ed b Di i i a h i i g E e a e he e .

B c 5 Page 55 f 74
 3. The Aggaba aid P200,000.00 a ea e e f hich E e a e ec ed a ha d i e Recei f Ea e
M e hich i a ed ha he Aggaba d a a addi i a a e f P130, 000.00 Feb a 4,
1991; P650,000.00 bef e Feb a 15, 1991 a d P700, 000.00 Ma ch 31, 1991 ce E e a ed e
he e .
4. O Feb a 4, 1991, he Aggaba , acc a ied b he b e , e he Office f he Regi e f Deed
e if he TCT h b E e a. The e, he di c e ed ha e f he had bee e c be ed Ba c
Fi i i , b ha he e c b a ce had bee ca ce ed d e he f a e f he b iga i . The iced ha
he a a effec ed h gh a SPA e ec ed b Di i i Pa a i fa f hi ife, E e a. The he
he he ha d had a a ai fa e i i g gage i fa f L Ba R a Ba , i h he a e SPA
ihac de a h i i g E e a gage he ec e he a .
5. The Aggaba a d A a aci ( he b e ) e i i ed ab he gage a d he c de a he L Ba
R a Ba . The e, he e i h A . Za a e, h e ea ed ha he ba had a ed f he c de beca e
he i ed a c j ga e .
6. F i g hei e ifica i , he Aggaba de i e ed P130,000.00 a addi i a d a e Feb a 4,
1991; a d P650,000.00 he L Ba R a Ba Feb a 12, 1991, hich he e ea ed he e
d ica e c f TCT he .
7. O Ma ch 18, 1991, he e i i e de i e ed he fi a a f P700,000.00 E e a, h e ec ed a deed f
ab e a e i hei fa . H e e , E e a did e he e d ica e c f he TCT c ai i g ha
aid c a i he e i f a eai e h a he i H g g. She a ed he ha he e
d ica e c f TCT d be ed e af e a ee .
8. The e da , TCT a ca ce ed a d a e e a i ed i he a e f he Aggaba . E e a did e
he d ica e e c f TCT a i ed.
9. I d e i e, he Aggaba ea ed ha he d ica e e c f TCT had bee a a g i he c d f
A . Je e Z. Pa a , h a ea ed h d a SPA e ec ed b hi b he Di i i a h i i g hi e
b h .
10. A A a aci i a ce, he e i i e e Ma ch 25, 1991 i h A . Pa a a he Ma i a Pe i a. The
e e acc a ied b e A . O a de ca. The eca ed ha A . Pa a g de a ded P800,000.00 i
e cha ge f he d ica e e c f TCT, beca e A . Pa a e e e ed he c e a e f he
e be P1.5 i i . A a c e - ffe , h e e , he e de ed P250,000.00, hich A . Pa a
dec i ed, gi i g he i A i 5, 1991 decide.
11. Hea i g hi g ef he e i i e , A . Pa a decided ca he A i 5, 1991, b he i f ed
hi ha he had a ead f aid E e a.
12. Th , Di i i , h gh A . Pa a , c e ced a ac i a i g f he dec a a i f he i f he deed
f ab e a e e ec ed b Ma. E e a, a d he ca ce a i f he i e i ed he e i i e b i e he e f.
13. I , he Aggaba fi ed hei ac i f ecific e f a ce i h da age agai he e de . B h
ca e e e c ida ed f ia a d j dg e i he RTC.

RTC R ling​: A ed he deed f ab e a e e ec ed i fa f he Aggaba c e i g a ce f egi e ed

a d he e de ed f a f he i e c e f e de h ba d Di i i Pa a , J . The CA affi ed
he RTC deci i .

I e:
1. Whe he Aggaba ac ed i g d fai h i cha i g he e ? ​NO
2. Which be ee A ic e 173 f he CC a d A ic e 124 f he FC h d a he a e f he c j ga e
e ec ed i h he c e f Di i i ? ​A . 124 of he FC
3. Whe he Ve Ca i g a ie i hi ca e? ​NO

B c 5 Page 56 f 74
SC R ling:
1. Thi C defi ed g d fai h a a cha e i g d fai h i e h b he e f a he , i h ice
ha e he e ha a igh , i e e i , ch e , a d a he f a d fai ice f i a he i e
f ch cha e bef e he ha ice f he c ai i ee f e he e i he e . Aggaba
h ha he i i ed i he i e f he e e b a i he e e ca aci e . The
e f e ha he a de a ded he i e c e f Di i i he a e, b e he did ee
e ide ce h ha he had ade i i ie i he ci c a ce behi d he e ec i f he SPA ed
e ec ed b Di i i i fa f Ma. E e a a d chec a N a Re b ic. A a a e f fac , A .
Da i ga i g, h c ea ed he SPA, a a h i ed ac a a N a P b ic f Ma i a d i g he e i d
1990-1991. K i g ha he e i c j ga a L Ba Ba , he i hh d he a e . I i c ea
ha he a e i a h b he e .
2. A ic e 124 f he FC a ie a d A ic e 173 f he CC​. ​The a e a ade i 1991af e he effec i i f he
FC. The e a a i A ic e 124 f he FC beca e i i e ed ha a a ie a i e c b a ce f
c j ga e ade d i g he effec i i f he FC i g e ed b A ic e 124 f he FC​. I​ i c ea ha he
c e f Di i i be b ai ed. I be ed a ha A ic e 254 f he FC e ea ed e i e Ti e VI i
hich he ii he e eai be ee h ba d a d ife. A ic e f 256 f he FC a ie
e ac i e ided e ed igh a e i ai ed. I hi ca e, e ed igh a e i ai ed. Di i i
c e i a igh ha he Aggaba i hd a f he ag ee e af e ici g e defec .
3. The Ve i g ca a beca e he a e i Ve i g ha e ed bef e he effec i i f he FC hi e
i hi ca e i i af e . I Ve R i g, he C i ed ha e e a ega i ha he ig a e had bee
f ged c d be ai ed i h c ea a d c i ci g f b a ia e he a ega i . I c a hi
ca e, he e ie i Di i i a h ed ha he a f he c a he i e f he e ec i f he
e i ed SPA.

(b) S e ad i i a i
(1) I ca aci , FC 124, 127, 253
A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d' deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de di ii
e c b a ce i h a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i
c e , he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. H e e , he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe
he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce
b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe .

A . 127. The e a a i i fac be ee h ba d a d ife ha affec he egi e f c j ga a e hi , e ce ha :

(1) The e h ea e he c j ga h e ef e i e he ei , i h j ca e, ha ha e he igh be
ed;
(2) Whe he c e f e e a a ac i f he he i e i ed b a , j dicia a h i a i ha be
b ai ed i a a ceedi g;
(3) I he ab e ce f fficie c j ga a e hi e , he e a a e e fb h e ha be ida i
iab e f he f he fa i . The e e e ha , eii i a a ceedi g, be gi e j dicia
a h i ad i i e e c be a ecific e a a e e f he he e a d e he f i ceed
he e f a i f he a e ' ha e.

B c 5 Page 57 f 74
A . 253. The f eg i g e i Cha e 2 a d 3 he e f ha i e i e g e a ceedi g fi ed de A ic e
41, 51, 69, 73, 96, 124 a d 127, i fa a he a e a icab e.

U vs. CA, 346 SCRA 246 (Repeated)

(2) Se a a i i fac , FC 100 (3), 127(3)

A . 100. The e a a i i fac be ee h ba d a d ife ha affec he egi e f ab ec i e ce ha :
(3) I he ab e ce f fficie c i e , he e a a e e fb h e ha be ida i iab e f he
f he fa i . The e e e ha , e eii i a a ceedi g, be gi e j dicia a h i
ad i i e e c be a ecific e a a e e f he he e a d e he f i ceed he e f
a i f he a e ' ha e.

A . 127. The e a a i i fac be ee h ba d a d ife ha affec he egi e f c j ga a e hi , e ce ha :

(3) I he ab e ce f fficie c j ga a e hi e , he e a a e e fb h e ha be ida i
iab e f he f he fa i . The e e e ha , eii i a a ceedi g, be gi e j dicia
a h i ad i i e e c be a ecific e a a e e f he he e a d e he f i ceed
he e f a i f he a e ' ha e.

(3) Aba d e , FC 101, 128

A . 101.​ If a e ih j ca e aba d he he fai c i h hi he b iga i he fa i , he
agg ie ed e a eii he c f ecei e hi , f j dicia e a a i f e f a h i be he e
ad i i a f he ab ec i , bjec ch eca i a c di i a he c a i e.
The b iga i he fa i e i ed i he ecedi g a ag a h efe aia, ae a e eai .
A e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g i h i e i f
e i g. The e h ha ef he c j ga d e i g f a e i d f h ee h ha fai ed i hi he a e e i d
gi e a i f ai a hi he he eab ha be i a facie e ed ha e i e i f e i g he
c j ga d e i g.

A . 128. If a e ih j ca e aba d he he fai c i h hi he b iga i he fa i , he

agg ie ed e a eii he c f ecei e hi , f j dicia e a a i f e , f a h i be he e
ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi e , bjec ch eca i a c di i a he c a i e.
The b iga i he fa i e i ed i he ecedi g a ag a h efe aia, ae a e eai .
A e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g i h i e i f
e i g. The e h ha ef he c j ga d e i g f a e i d f h ee h ha fai ed i hi he a e e i d
gi e a i f ai a hi he he eab ha be i a facie e ed ha e i e i f e i g he
c j ga d e i g.

(4) Pe de c f ega e a a i ceedi g , FC 61

A . 61. Af e he fi i g f he e i i f ega e a a i , he e ha be e i ed i e e aae f each he .

Sabalones v. CA 230 SCRA 79 (Repeated)

(c) Di i i a d e c b a ce, FC 124-125; FC 97, 121

FC 124. The ad i i a i a de j e f he c j ga a e hi ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d' deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich
be a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .

B c 5 Page 58 f 74
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de di ii
e c b a ce i h a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i
c e , he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. H e e , he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe
he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce
b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe .

FC 125.​ Nei he e a d a e a c j ga a e hi e ih he c e f he he . H e e , ei he
e a , ih he c e f he he , a e de a e d a i f he c j ga a e hi e f cha i
cca i f fa i ej ici g fa i di e . (174a)

FC 97. ​Ei he e a di eb i f hi he i e e i he c i e .( )

FC 121. ​The c j ga a e hi ha be iab e

(1) The f he e, hei c chi d e , a d he egi i a e chi d e f ei he e; h e e , he
f i egi i a e chi d e ha be g e ed b he ii f hi C de S ;
(2) A deb a d b iga i c ac ed d i g he a iage b he de ig a ed ad i i a - e f he be efi f he
c j ga a e hi f gai , b b h e b e f he i h he c e f he he ;
(3) Deb a d b iga i c ac ed b ei he e ih he c e f he he he e e ha he fa i a
ha e be efi ed;
(4) A a e , ie , cha ge , a d e e e , i c di g aj i e ai he c j ga a e hi e ;
(5) A a e a d e e e f ee e e ai ade d i g he a iage he e a a e e f ei he e;
(6) E e e e ab e ei he e c e ce c ee a fe i a , ca i a , he ac i i f
e f-i e e ;
(7) A e ia deb f ei he e i fa a he ha e ed ded he be efi f he fa i ;
(8) The a e f ha i d a ed i ed b b h e i fa f hei c egi i a e chi d e f he
e c i e e f c e ci g c ei g a fe i a ca i a c e he ac i i f
e f-i e e ;a d
(9) E e e f i iga i be ee he e e he i i f d g de .
If he c j ga a e hi i i fficie c e he f eg i g iabi i ie , he e ha be ida i iab e f he
aid ba a ce i h hei e a a e e ie . (161a)

38. ​Chee eman . IAC and E eli a Padilla 193 SCRA 93 (Ga cia)
Fac : ​Th a a d C i e da Chee a e e a ied Dece be 1970 b ha e bee e a a ed i ce Feb a 1981.
O J e 1974, ​a "​Deed f Sa e a d T a fe f P e Righ " a e ec ed b A a d A a e c e i g a a ce
f egi e ed a d a d he h e he e ​i fa f "C i e da P. Chee a , f ega age, Fi i i ci i e , a ied
Th a Chee a . Th a , a h gh a a e f he deed, did bjec he a fe bei g ade hi ife.

The eaf e a d agai i h he edge f Th a a d a ih a e b hi a dec a a i f he

e cha ed e e i ed i he a e f C i e da Chee a a d C i e da a ed ​e cl i e a age e a d
ad i i a i f aid e , ea i g i e a .O J 1, 1981, C i e da Chee a d he e E e i a M.
Padi a, i h he edge c e f Th a Chee a . O J 31, Th a b gh i i he CFI O ga
agai hi ife, C i e da, a d E e i a Padi a, a i g f he a e f he a e he g d ha he a ac i had
bee e ec ed i h hi edge a d c e . A a e a fi ed i he a e f b h defe da , a egi g ha (1)
he e d a a a he a , ha i g bee cha ed b C i e da i h f d e c i e be gi g he ("he
e aae e "); (2) Th a Chee a , bei g a A e ica , a di a ified ha e a i e e igh f e hi
i he a d; a d (3) E e i a Padi a a a b e i g d fai h.

B c 5 Page 59 f 74
The ac i e ed i a j dg e dec a i g ​ oid ​ab ini i he a e e ec ed b C i e da Chee a i fa f E e i a M.
Padi a, a d de i g he de i e f he e Th a Chee a a ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi
e , a d he a e hi f P5,000.00 a a e ' fee a d e e e f i iga i . E e i a Padi a fi ed a
e e a eadi g Dece be 20, 1982 a he a e he c ai , a d a i f a j dg e .

TC: he e ide ce ec d a i fac i e ca e he di ab e e i i A ic e 160 f he Ci i C de ha a

e f he a iage be g he c j ga a e hi " e i be ed ha i e ai e c i e he h ba d
he ife" a d ha he i ab e i e i a i ​ h C i elda' pa aphe nal p ope .

Th a Chee a a ea ed he IAC, b he IAC di i ed. He ce, hi a ea he SC.

I e: ​Whe he Th a Chee a ca c e he a idi f he c ac . - NO
R ling: ​The C i i hibi he a e a ie f e ide ia a d. Sec i 14, A ic e XIV f he 1973 C i i
dai ha , "​Save in cases of hereditar succession, no private land shall be transferred or conve ed e cept to
individuals, corporations, or associations qualified to acquire or hold lands of the public domain.​ " Pe i i e Th a
a , fc e, cha ged i h edge f hi hibi i . Th , a i g ha i a hi i e i ha he i e i
be cha ed b hi a d hi ife, he ac i ed no igh ha e e o e he p ope b i e of ha p cha e; and
in a emp ing o ac i e a igh o in e e in land, ica io l and clande inel , he kno ingl iola ed he
Con i ion; he ale a o him a n ll and oid. ​I a e e , he had a d ha ca aci e ai e i
he b e e a e f he a e e b hi ife he he ha i d i g he i e e e e ci i g he e ga i e
f a h ba d i e ec f c j ga e . T ai ch a he d e i i di ec c e i f he
c i i a hibi i . ​If he p ope e e o be decla ed conj gal, hi o ld acco d o he alien h band a no
in b an ial in e e and igh o e land, a he o ld hen ha e a deci i e o e a o i an fe o di po i ion.
Thi i a igh ha he Con i ion doe no pe mi him o ha e.

A a ead b e ed, he fi di g ha hi ife had ed he e cha e he e ca ,a d i ,a

hi age f he ceedi g be e ie ed a d e ed. B e e if i e e a fac ha aid ife had ed c j ga f d
a e he ac i i i , he c ide a i j e i i a e, high c i i a g d , agai hi ec e i g a d
h di g he e ac i ed a a he e f. A d he he i ch a e e , he a ec e f hi ife a
ha e f he e ed f he cha e cha ge he i h a h i ed di ii e e di e f c j ga f d i
i i ed i ; ha d be, i he e i e , a e acade ic e e ci e. A e a deci i e c ide a i i
ha E e i a Padi a i a cha e i g d fai h, b h he T ia C a d he IAC ha i g f d ha Chee a '
c d c had ed he be ie e he e be e c i e e f he a e ' ife, f ee di ab e b he i h
hi c e i e e i . A i ce b e f a e, he i e i ed he ec i f he a i he cha e,
a ic a a agai Chee a , h d a e igh he e de ied hi b b h he e e a d i i f he
C i i i e f.

39.​ F en el . Ca i o, G.R. No. 143958, J l 11, 2003 (Hechano a)

Topic:​ Di i i a d e c b a ce
Fac : ​F e e i a A a ia ci i e h ed a a i f he Ne G i ea Ai i e . He a ied Sa (Fi i i ) 2
ea af e he a i ed i he Phi i i e . H e e , he c e e a a ed i h b ai i g a di ce. S e i e i 1981,
F e e e Ca i a Fi i i a a e e, hi e he a aca i i A a ia. U hi , he e i e ided
i Ge a a d a a ied M e , a Ge a a i a . The 2 e e a c habi ed ge he i he Phi i i e . D i g
hei c - a e a i hi , F e e ac i ed ea a d e a e ie (c e cia ace f bea a ,h e
a d , beach e , f i e) i he Phi i i e ( a ed a . P724 ) i h he e f hi e a f d . Si ce F e e
e ha a a a ie he a di a ified f i g a d i he Phi i i e , he ag eed ha Ca i a e d
a ea i he deed f a e a d he i e a he b e , c ide i g ha he a ed ge i g a ied.

B c 5 Page 60 f 74
E e a
, he e a a ed. F e e f d ab Ca i b i i g a iage. Ca i e i i f di ce a de ied.
Ca i h ba d a h ea ed fi i g a biga ca e agai he . F e e he fi ed a c ai ec e he aid
e ie a d ha he be dec a ed a a ie e f he e f e i g he a e a a b ic a c i he eb
ec e i g he cha e ice h gh he ceed f he aid ae a NCC 1416, RA 133, NCC 22. He c e d
ha : (1) He cha ed he e ie beca e f hi de i e a Ca i a d i a e he C i i . (2) He a
decei ed b Ca i he he a e fai ed di c e he e i a iage M e . (3) Ca i a aged a fe f d
f hei j i acc he acc i h he a e ba ih hi edge a d c e . Ca i , he he
ha d, de ied he a ega i a d i i ed ha he ac i ed he aid e ie i h he e a f d a e ide ced b he
deed f a e, ecei , a d ce ifica e f i e ade i he a e.

RTC ling: ​The RTC ed ha F e e i ec ded f ec e i g he e ie f Ca i beca e a a a ie he i

di a ified f ac i i g a d i g a d i he Phi i i e . The a e f he e ie Fe e i a d id.

CA ling: ​The CA affi ed he deci i f he RTC. I ed ha F e e i a ed he C i i a d a h ba ed

f ec e i g he e ed i cha i g he 3 ea e ie . T a Fe e d e b de a ie i ae
he C i i a d defea b ic ic .

I e:
WON F e e a ec e he 3 ea e ie e he a e a b ic a c i a d ec e he e ed i
cha i g ch, c ide i g ha he deed f a e a d i e a ed Ca i a e a he b e . - NO

R ling: ​The SC affi ed he deci i f he e c . The c ai e 4 i :

1. P a A 14, Sec 14 f he 1973 C i i , a ie ha e bee di a ified f ac i i g a d f b ic
d ai . He ce, he ha e a bee di a ified f ac i i g i a e a d . E e if he a he ea b e , he aid
a ac i i a e he C i i a da e h a d id.
A 14, Sec 14 of he 1973 Con i ion. ​Sa e i ca e f he edi a cce i , i a e a d ha be
a fe ed c e ed e ce i di id a , c ai , a cia i a ified ac i e h d a d i he
b ic d ai

2. NCC 1416 d e a i hi ca e a F e e he i e c e d . The i i a ie ee hibi ed

c ac a d i ega id ab i i i c ac a i he e i hi ca e, hich i a ed he C i i . Th ,
a Fe e ec e he aid e ie he e ed d be agai b ic ic .
NCC 1416. ​Whe he ag ee e i i ega e e b i ee hibi ed, a d he hibi i b he a i
de ig ed f he ec i f he ai iff, he a , if b ic ic i he eb e ha ced, ec e ha he ha aid
de i e ed.

3. RA 133 i e i e d e a i hi ca e a F e e he i e c e d . The e i e ide ce e ha he aid

e ie e e gaged F e e b he e he e f. The e ide ce e ab i hed i ha he aid e ie
e e d Ca i a b e , a bei i h he e f F e e e a f d.
Sec 1 RA 133. A ii f a he c a ih a di g, i a e ea e a be gaged i
fa f a i di id a , c ai , a cia i , b he gagee hi cce -i -i e e , if di a i ed
ac i e h d a d f he b ic d ai i he Phi i i e , ha a e e i f he gaged e
d i g he e i e ce f he gage a d ha a e e i f gaged e e ce af e defa a d
f he e e f f ec e, ecei e hi , e f ce e he ceedi g a d i ca ef a ei d f
e ha fi e ea f ac a e i a d ha bid a e a i a a e f ch ea e i ca e f
f ec e:

B c 5 Page 61 f 74
 P ided, Tha aid gagee cce -i -i e e a a e e i f aid e af e defa i
acc da ce i h he e c ibed j dicia ced e f f ec e a d ecei e hi a d i ca e e ceedi g e
ea f ac a e i .

4. NCC 22 i e i e d e a i hi ca e a F e e he i e c e d . The a i ha e h d
j e ich hi e f a he e e e f a he ( e c a e i de e de e e e )d e a i hi
ca e. A ac i f ec e f ha ha bee aid i h j ca e ha bee de ig a ed a a acci i e e .
Thi d e a if, a i hi ca e, he ac i i c ibed b he C i i b he a ica i f he a i
de ic d c i e. Said bjec i ec e i f ded i ge e a i ci e f ic .
NCC 22.​ E e e h h gh a ac f e f a ce b a he , a he ea , ac i e c e i
e i f e hi g a he e e e f he a e ih j ega g d, ha e he a e hi .

40.​ Villa anda . Villa anda, G.R. No. 153447, Feb. 23, 2004 (Jimenea)
Doc ine: W​ ih he ife c e , he h ba d a ie a i e c b a ce f c j ga e i he
effec i i f he Fa i C de i id, b ee idab e.

Fac : ​Thi c e e e a d a Deed f E cha ge e ec ed b a d be ee b he , Vice e Vi a a da

( eii e)a dH i Vi a a da ( e de ). Thi i e a 471 a ce f a d ca ed a Di i ia, Caga a de
O (CDO) hich a ef he 2 b he a d hei 8 he ib i g . Bebia L i a ia , he e a e ad i i a , ea ed
he 124 f he e H i Ma 1, 1976 i Ma 31, 1986. Vice e i he i ed 64.22 f he e
ha had bee ea ed H i .
O J 6, 1976, H i a d Vice e e ec ed he a ai ed Deed f E cha ge i hich Vice e ag eed c e hi
64.22 H i i e cha ge f a 500 e i Maca a dig, Caga a De O Ci (c e ed b TCT N .
2138). Af e he e ec i f he deed f e cha ge, H i e i f he 64.22 a dc c ed a b i di g.
Yea a e , a bdi i i a f 448-B a c e ed, i i f hich TCT N . T-65893 f he 64.22 ha e
f Vice e hich a i ed i hi a e hi e he he hei e e a gi e hei TCT f hei e ec i e ha e .
H i a d hi ife A a b gh a ac i f ecific e f a ce bef e he RTC f CDO c e Vice e
c i h hi b iga i de he Deed f E cha ge beca e he a eged ha he c d f e di e f
hei Maca a dig e a Vice e ha e ide if a d de i ea e he 500 e . D i g he e de c f hi
ca e, H i d he Di i ia C h e Lab a ie , I c. hich i e e ed i he Ci i Ca e.
RTC ed i fa fH i a d hi ife A a.
The CA he d ha he ii f he NCC e e a icab e i hi ca e i ce he Deed f E cha ge had bee e e ed
i i he e ac e f he FC. Th , he ab e ce f he ife ig a e he Deed ade i idab e a d
id. A d i ce A a b gh ac i f he a e f a e i hi 10 ea , i ha he a e ed he Deed.

I e: ​Whe he he Deed f E cha ge hich a ig ed b he ife f H i Vi a a da i a id a d

e f ceab e? = YES

R ling: ​The Deed a e e ed i J 6, 1976, hi e he Fa i C de effec A g 3, 1998. La

h d be a ied ec i e , e a egi a i e i e gi e he e ac i e effec i e e dec a ed i
ece a i i ied f he a g age ed. He ce, he a icab e c de he e e ca e i he Ci i C de a d he
Fa i C de.

B c 5 Page 62 f 74
"A ic e 166. U e he ife ha bee dec a ed a c e i a e d h if , i de ci i i e dic i i
c fi ed i a e a i , he h ba d ca a ie a e e c be a ea e f he c j ga a e hi i h
he ife' c e . . . .

"A ic e 173. The ife a , d i g he a iage, a d i hi e ea f he a ac i e i ed, a he c f

he a e fa c ac f he h ba d e e ed i ih he c e , he ch c e i e i ed, a ac
c ac f he h ba d hich e d def a d he i ai he i e e i he c j ga a e hi e . Sh d
he ife fai e e ci e hi igh , he he hei , af e he di i f he a iage, a de a d he a e f he
e fa d e a ie a ed b he h ba d."

Acc di g A 166, he h ba d ca a ie a e e c be a ea e f he c j ga a e hi i h he
ife c e . Thi ii be ead i c j c i i h A 173 beca e he a e a e ha a ac i a a
a ie a i e c b a ce a be i i ed b he ife d i g he a iage a d i hi 10 ea f he a ac i
e i ed. Wi h he ife c e , he h ba d a ie a i e c b a ce f c j ga e i he
effec i i f he Fa i C de i id, b ee idab e. I hi ca e, he ec d h e ide ce ha a ac i
a b gh b A a a he a fe ade b H i i hi 10 ea f he a ac i e i . The ef e, he
igh b i g a ac i i a ida e he c ac had e c ibed a d he deed i a id i a d e a ed.
Ravina v Villa-Abrille, GR No. 160708, Oct. 16, 2009 (Repeated)

41. ​Siochi Go on, G.R. No. 169900, Ma ch 18, 2010 (Lab ado )
Doc ine: ​I he ab e ce f ch a h i c e , he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. H e e , he
a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he c e i g e a d he hi d e , a d a be
e fec ed a a bi di g c ac he acce a ce b he he e a h i a i b he c bef e he ffe i
i hd a b ei he b h ffe

Fac : ​Thi ca e i e a 30,000 . . a ce f a d ( e ) c e ed b TCT N . 5357. The e i i a ed i

Ma ab , Me Ma i a a d i egi e ed i he a e f "A f ed G (A f ed ), a ied E i a G (E i a)."​ O
23 Dece be 1991, E i a fi ed i h he Ca i e Ci RTC a e i i f ega e a a i agai he h ba d A f ed . O
2 Ja a 1992, E i a fi ed a ice f i e de , hich a he a a ed TCT N . 5357.

O 31 A g 1993, hi e he ega e a a i ca e a i e di g, A f ed a d Ma i Si chi (Ma i ) e e ed i a

Ag ee e B a d Se ​ ​ he e f he ice f ₱18 i i . A g he i a i i he Ag ee e e e ha
A f ed d: (1) ec e a Affida i f E i a ha he e i A f ed e c i e e a d a a e he
Ag ee e a he bac f TCT N . 5357; (2) ec e he a a f he Ca i e RTC e c de he e f he ega
e a a i ca e; a d (3) ec e he e a f he ice f ​lis pendens​ e ai i g he aid ca e a d a a ed TCT
N . 5357. H e e , de i e e ea ed de a d f Ma i , A f ed fai ed c i h he e i a i . Af e a i g
he ₱5 i i ea e e a a ia a e f he cha e ice, Ma i e i f he e i Se e be
1993. O 6 Se e be 1993, he Ag ee e a a a ed TCT N . 5357. ​RTC g a ed he ega e a a i . ​A
ega d he e , he Ca i e RTC he d ha i i dee ed c j ga e .

O 22 A g 1994, A f ed e ec ed a Deed f D a i e he e i fa f hei da gh e , Wi if ed G

(Wi if ed). The Regi e f Deed f Ma ab , Gi Tabije, ca ce ed TCT N . 5357 a d i ed TCT N . M-10508​8​ i he
a e f Wi if ed, i h a a i g he Ag ee e a d he ice f ​lis pendens ​ TCT N . M-10508. O 26 Oc be
1994, A f ed , b i e f a SPA e ec ed i hi fa b Wi if ed, d he e I e -Di e i a Rea , I c.
(IDRI) f ₱18 i i . IDRI aid A f ed e e e i g f a e f he e .S b e e , he Regi e f Deed
f Ma ab ca ce ed TCT N . M-10508 a d i ed TCT N . M-10976 IDRI.

B c 5 Page 63 f 74
Ma i he fi ed i h he Ma ab RTC a c ai f S ecific Pe f a ce a d Da age , A e fD ai a d
Sa e, i h P e i i a Ma da a d P hibi I j c i a d/ Te a Re ai i g O de .

I e: ​WON he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. ​YES.

CA R ling: ​The a e f he bjec a d b defe da A f ed G ai iff-a e a Si chi i dec a ed a d

id f he f i g ea : a) The c e a ce a d e i h he c e f defe da -a e ee E i a G ; b)
Defe da A f ed G e-ha f ( ) di ided ha e ha bee f fei ed i fa f hi da gh e , defe da Wi if ed
G ,b i e f he deci i i he ega e a a i ca e e de ed b he RTC Ca i e.

SC R ling: ​ ​I hi e i i , Ma i a ege ha he Ag ee e h d be ea ed a a c i i g ffe hich a be

e fec ed b he acce a ce f he he e bef e he ffe i i hd a . Si ce E i a c d c ig ified he
ac ie ce ce he a e, Ma i a f he C di ec A f ed a d E i a e ec e a Deed f Ab e Sa e e
he e hi a e f ₱9 i i E i a.

We fi d he e i i ih e i .​ ​Thi ca e i e he c j ga e f A f ed a d E i a. Si ce he di ii
f he e cc ed af e he effec i i f he Fa i C de, he a icab e a i he Fa i C de. A ic e 124 f he
Fa i C de. I hi ca e, A f ed a he e ad i i a f he e beca e E i a, i h h A f ed a
e a a ed i fac , a ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga e .H e e ,a e ad i i a
f he e , A f ed i ca e he e ih he i e c e fE i a he a h i f he c .
Wi ho ch con en o a ho i , he ale i oid​.​ ​A ega d Ma i c e i ha he Ag ee e i a c i i g
ffe hich a be e fec ed b E i a acce a ce bef e he ffe i i hd a , he fac ha he e a
be e d a ed b A f ed Wi if ed a d he d IDRI c ea i dica e ha he ffe a a ead i hd a .

A . 124.​ The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f di ag ee e ,
he h ba d' deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich be a ai ed f i hi
fi e ea f he da e f he c ac i e e i g ch deci i .
I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga e ie , he
he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . ​The e po e do no incl de di po i ion o enc mb ance i ho
a ho i of he co o he i en con en of he o he po e. In he ab ence of ch a ho i o con en , he di po i ion o
enc mb ance hall be oid. Ho e e , he an ac ion hall be con ed a a con in ing offe on he pa of he con en ing
po e and he hi d pe on, and ma be pe fec ed a a binding con ac pon he accep ance b he o he po e o
a ho i a ion b he co befo e he offe i i hd a n b ei he o bo h offe o

[O he i e ] ​H e e , e di ag ee i h he fi di g f he CA ha he e-ha f di ided ha e f A f ed i he
e a a ead f fei ed i fa f hi da gh e Wi if ed, ba ed he i g f he Ca i e RTC i he ega
e aai ca e. The CA i c ed he i g f he Ca i e RTC ha A f ed , bei g he ffe di g e, i de i ed
f hi ha e i he e fi a d he a e i a a ded Wi if ed.

A g he effec f he dec ee f ega e a a i i ha he c j ga a e hi i di ed a d i ida ed a d he

ffe di g e d ha e igh a ha e f he e fi ea ed b he c j ga a e hi . I i
A f ed ha e i he e fi hich i f fei ed i fa f Wi if ed. A ic e 102(4) f he FC ide ha "[f]
e fc i g he e fi bjec f fei e i acc da ce i h A ic e 43, N . (2) a d 63, N . (2), he aid
fi ha be he i c ea e i a e be ee he a e a e f he c i e a he i e f he ce eb a i f
he a iage a d he a e a e a he i e f i di i ." C ea , ha i f fei ed i fa f Wi if ed i
A f ed ha e i he c j ga a e hi e b e e i he e fi f he c j ga a e hi e .

B c 5 Page 64 f 74
Wi h ega d IDRI, e ag ee i h he C f A ea i h di g ha IDRI i a b e i g d fai h. A f d b
he RTC Ma ab a d he C f A ea , IDRI had ac a edge f fac a d ci c a ce hich h d i e a
ea ab ca i e a e f he i i ie ab he e d i e he e .

WHEREFORE, e DENY he e i i . We AFFIRM he 7 J 2005 Deci i f he C f A ea i CA-G.R. CV

N . 74447 i h he f i g MODIFICATIONS:
(1) We DELETE he i ega di g he f fei e f A f ed G e-ha f di ided ha e i fa f Wi if ed
G a d he g a f i Wi if ed G he he di e f he di ided ha e i he e ;a d
(2) We ORDER A f ed G a d Wi if ed G a I e -Di e i a Rea , I c. j i a d e ea he
Eigh ee Mi i Pe (₱18,000,000) hich a he a aid b I e -Di e i a Rea , I c. f he e , ih
ega i e e c ed f he fi a i f hi Deci i .

Fuentes vs. Roca, G.R. No. 178902, April 21, 2010 (Repeated)
Aguete v PNB, GR 170166, April 6, 2011 (Repeated)

42.​ ​Flo e Lindo, GR 183984, Ap il 13, 2011 (Maliga )

Doc ine: ​The ea e a e gage, ab e he a h i c e f he h ba d, i ece a i id.
Fac : ​O 31 Oc be 1995, Ed a Li d (Ed a) b ai ed a a f A F e ( eii e)a i g ₱400,000
a ab e 1 Dece be 1995 i h 3% c ded h i e e a d 3% cha ge i ca e f a e a e . T ec e
he a , Ed a e ec ed a Deed f Rea E a e M gage ( he Deed) c e i g a e i he a e f Ed a a d he
h ba d E ic (E ic ) Li d , J . (c ec i e , e de ). Ed a a ig ed a P i N e ​a d he Deed f
he e f a d f E ic a hi a e -i -fac .
Ed a i ed h ee chec a a ia a e f he a . A chec e e di h ed f i fficie c f f d ,
i g eii e fi e a C ai f F ec e f M gage i h Da age agai e de .

B anch 33 RTC of Manila: ​R ed ha e i i e a e i ed j dicia f ec e f he gage. The RTC,

B a ch 33 f d ha he Deed a e ec ed b Ed a i h he c e a d a h i f E ic . The RTC, B a ch 33
ed ha he Deed a e ec ed 31 Oc be 1995 hi e he S ecia P e f A e (SPA) e ec ed b E ic a
da ed 4 N e be 1995.

F he ed ha e i i e a ec ded f ec e i g he a f Ed a a he c d fi e a e a ac i
agai he . H e e , he RTC, ed ha i had j i dic i e he e a ac i hich h d be fi ed i he ace
he e he ai iff he defe da e ide i acc da ce i h Sec i 2, R e 4 f he Re i ed R e Ci i P ced e.

​
B anch 42 RTC: O 8 Se e be 2004, e i i e fi ed a C ai f S f M e i h Da age agai
e de . I a aff ed B a ch 42 (RTC, B a ch 42) f he Regi a T ia C f Ma i a.

Re de fi ed hei A e i h Affi a i e Defe e a d C e c ai he e he ad i ed he a b a ed ha

i a ed ₱340,000. Re de f he a eged ha E ic a a a he a beca e i a
c ac ed b Ed a i h E ic ig a e. Re de a ed f he di i a f he ca e he g d f
i e e e, e j dica a a d f - h i g, i i g he Deci i f he RTC, B a ch 33. O 7 Ma ch 2005,
e de a fi ed a M i Di i he g d f e j dica a a d ac f ca e f ac i .

R ed ha e j dica a i a igh , c ai de a d hich, a h gh g i g f he a e bjec

a e,c i e e aae di i c ca e f ac i a d ee i i e i he f e ac i . Re de fi ed a
i f ec ide a i .

B c 5 Page 65 f 74
CA: ​Se a ide he 22 J 2005 a d 8 Feb a 2006 O de f he RTC, B a ch 42 f ha i g bee i ed ihga e
ab e f di c e i .

R ed ha de Sec i 3, R e 2 f he 1997 R e f Ci i P ced e, a a a i i e e ha e i f a

i g e ca e f ac i . If e i a e i i ed he ba i f he a e ca e f ac i , he fi i g f e a
j dg e he e i i a e i a ai ab e g d f he di i a f he he . The C f A ea ed ha
a a e fa e ec ed b a gage, he c edi ha a i g e ca e f ac i agai he deb , ha i
ec e f he c edi i h e ec i f he i . Th , he c edi a i i e a e a i e e edie : ei he a
e a ac i f he c ec i f deb a ea ac i f ec e he gage, b b h. The C f A ea
ed ha e i i e had e ca e f ac i agai Ed a f he fai e a he b iga i a d he c d i
he i g e ca e f ac i b fi i g e a a e a f ec e ceedi g a d a c ec i ca e. B fi i g a e i i f
f ec e f he ea e a e gage, he C f A ea he d ha e i i e had a ead ai ed hi e a ac i
ec e he a c e ed b he i e.

I e: ​I he i e e ec ed b Ed a Li d a id, e e ih he c e f he h ba d?

SC R ling: ​NO, THE PROMISSORY NOTE EXECUTED BY EDNA LINDO IS INVALID. The ea e a e gage
e ec ed b e i i e Ed a Li d e hei c j ga e i d b ed a ac f ic d i i a d be
c e ed b he h ba d be effec i e. I he i a ca e, he ea e a e gage, ab e he a h i c e f
he h ba d, i ece a i id. I deed, he ea e a e gage i hi ca e a e ec ed Oc be 31, 1995 a d he
be e ecia e fa e da ed N e be 4, 1995 ca be ade e ac Oc be 31, 1995 a ida e
he gage e i ade b e i i e .

The iabi i f Ed a Li d he i ci a c ac f he a h e e bi i h a di g he i ega i f he

gage. I deed, he e a gage i a id, he i ci a b iga i hich i g a a ee i he eb e de ed
a d id. Tha b iga i a e a d bec e de a dab e i acc da ce i h he i a i e ai i g i . U de he
f eg i g ci c a ce , ha i i e e he igh f ec e he gage a a ecia e ed f ai f i g
e i g he i deb ed e hich i he i ci a b iga i . I ca e f i , he gage deed e ai a e ide ce
f fa e a b iga i f he deb a d he a d e he c edi a be e f ced i a di a ac i .

I ie f he f eg i g, j dg e i he eb e de ed dec a i g he deed f ea e a e gage a id i he ab e ce f

he a h i c e f eii e e he ei . The iabi i f eii e he i ci a c ac f a h e e
bi i h a di g he i ega i f he ea e a e gage.

A . 124. The ad i i a i a d e j e f he c j ga a e hi e ha be g b h e j i . I ca e f
di ag ee e , he h ba d deci i ha e ai , bjec ec e he c b he ife f e e ed , hich be
a ai ed f i hi fi e ea f he da e f c ac i e e i g ch deci i .

I he e e ha e e i i ca aci a ed he i e ab e a ici a e i he ad i i a i f he c j ga
e ie , he he e a a e e e f ad i i a i . The e e d i c de di ii
e c b a ce i h a h i f he c he i e c e f he he e. I he ab e ce f ch a h i
c e he di ii e c b a ce ha be id. ​Ho e e , he an ac ion hall be con ed a a con in ing
offe on he pa of he con en ing po e and he hi d pe on, and ma be pe fec ed a a binding con ac pon
he accep ance b he o he po e o a ho i a ion b he co befo e he offe i i hd a n b ei he o bo h
offe o . ​(E ha i ied)

A ic e 124 f he Fa i C de f hich a ie c j ga a e hi e ,i a e d ci f A ic e 96 f he
Fa i C de hich a ie c i e .

B c 5 Page 66 f 74
B hA ic e 96 a d A ic e 127 f he Fa i C de ide ha he e d i c de di ii e c b a ce
ih he i e c e f he he e. A di ii e c b a ce i h he i e c e ha be id.
H e e , b h ii a a e ha " he a ac i ha be c ed a a c i i g ffe he a f he
c e i g ea d he hi d e , ​and ma be pe fec ed a a binding con ac pon he accep ance b he o he
po e​ bef e he ffe i i hd a b ei he b h ffe ."

I hi ca e, he P i N e a d he Deed f Rea E a e M gage e e e ec ed 31 Oc be 1995. The S ecia

P e fA e a e ec ed 4 N e be 1995. ​The e ec ion of he SPA i he accep ance b he o he po e
ha pe fec ed he con in ing offe a a binding con ac be een he pa ie , making he Deed of Real E a e
Mo gage a alid con ac .

H e e , a he C f A ea ed, e i i e a ed he deci i f he RTC, B a ch 33 a d he RTC, B a ch 93

bec e fi a a d e ec ih a i g he c f a a e a i e e ief. The C f A ea a ed ha
eii e ee e ied he dec a a i f he e c ha he c d fi e a e a a e e a ac i a d h fai ed
b e e he e a d e ed j i de ce i ici f i , c i g e i i e a e e f ec e f he a .

Di po i i e: ​WHEREFORE, he 30 Ma 2008 Deci i a d he 4 A g 2008 Re i f he CA i CA-G.R. SP N .

94003 a e SET ASIDE. The RTC f Ma i a, B a ch 42 i di ec ed ceed i h he ia f Ci i Ca e N . 04-110858.

9. Effec f e a a i ​de facto​, FC 127, FC 100 cf. FC 239

A . 127. The e a a i i fac be ee h ba d a d ife ha affec he egi e f c j ga a e hi , e ce ha :
(1) The e h ea e he c j ga h e ef e i e he ei , i h j ca e, ha ha e he igh be
ed;
(2) Whe he c e f e e a a ac i f he he i e i ed b a , j dicia a h i a i ha be
b ai ed i a a ceedi g;
(3) I he ab e ce f fficie c j ga a e hi e , he e a a e e fb h e ha be ida i
iab e f he f he fa i . The e e e ha , eii i a a ceedi g, be gi e j dicia
a h i ad i i e e c be a ecific e a a e e f he he e a d e he f i ceed
he e f a i f he a e ' ha e

A . 100. The e a a i i fac be ee h ba d a d ife ha affec he egi e f ab ec i e ce ha :

(1) The e h ea e he c j ga h e ef e i e he ei , i h j ca e, ha ha e he igh be
ed;
(2) Whe he c e f e e a a ac i f he he i e i ed b a , j dicia a h i a i ha be
b ai ed i a a ceedi g;
(3) I he ab e ce f fficie c i e , he e a a e e fb h e ha be ida i iab e f he
f he fa i . The e e e ha , e eii i a a ceedi g, be gi e j dicia a h i
ad i i e e c be a ecific e a a e e f he he e a d e he f i ceed he e f
a i f he a e ' ha e.

A . 239. Whe a h ba d a d ife a e e a a ed i fac , e ha aba d ed he he a d e f he ee j dicia

a h i a i f a a ac i he e he c e f he he e i e i ed b a b ch c e i i hhe d
ca be b ai ed, a e ified e i i a be fi ed i c a egi g he f eg i g fac .
The e i i ha a ach he ed deed, if a , e b d i g he a ac i , a d, if e, ha de c ibe i de ai he aid
a ac i a d a e he ea h he e i ed c e he e ca be ec ed. I a ca e, he fi a deed d
e ec ed b he a ie ha be b i ed a d a ed b he c .

B c 5 Page 67 f 74
 10. Effec f aba d e , FC 128 cf. FC 101
A . 128. If a e ih j ca e aba d he he fai c i h hi he b iga i he fa i , he
agg ie ed e a eii he c f ecei e hi , f j dicia e a a i f e , f a h i be he e
ad i i a f he c j ga a e hi e , bjec ch eca i a c di i a he c a i e.
The b iga i he fa i e i ed i he ecedi g a ag a h efe aia, ae a e eai .
A e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g i h i e i f
e i g. The e h ha ef he c j ga d e i g f a e i d f h ee h ha fai ed i hi he a e e i d
gi e a i f ai a hi he he eab ha be i a facie e ed ha e i e i f e i g he
c j ga d e i g.

A . 101. If a e ih j ca e aba d he he fai c i h hi he b iga i he fa i , he

agg ie ed e a eii he c f ecei e hi , f j dicia e a a i f e f a h i be he e
ad i i a f he ab ec i , bjec ch eca i a c di i a he c a i e.
The b iga i he fa i e i ed i he ecedi g a ag a h efe aia, ae a e eai .
A e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g i h i e i f
e i g. The e h ha ef he c j ga d e i g f a e i d f h ee h ha fai ed i hi he a e e i d
gi e a i f ai a hi he he eab ha be i a facie e ed ha e i e i f e i g he
c j ga d e i g.

43. ​Pa o a-Jo . CA 216 SCRA 693 (Ma a illa )

Doc ine: ​Aba d e i ie a de a e b e e i h he a ed i e e e e ,f ed b ged
ab e ce i h j ca e, a d i h i he ea i e idi g i he ea f e' fa i a h gh ab e d .
The e be ab e ce a i f a i a e a i , d ie a d igh , i h he i e i f e e a e a a i . Thi
idea i c ea e e ed i he ab e- ed i i , hich a e ha "a e i dee ed ha e aba d ed he he
he he he ha ef he c j ga d e i g i h a i e i f e i g."

Fac : ​The e i i e , P i a Pa a-J , i he ega ife f J e J , he ei i ae e de . J e J ad i ed ha e

c habi ed i h 3 e a d fa he ed 15 chi d e . P i a fi ed a c ai agai he h ba d f j dicia e a a i f
c j ga e i addi i a ea ie ac i f hich a c ida ed. RTC deci i a a defi i e
di ii f he c ai f b e f ha f he j dicia e a a i f c j ga e . J e e e a ed he
deci i CA hich affi ed i g f he ia c . The c ai he e a a i f e a di i ed f
ac f ca e f ac i he g d ha e a a i b ag ee e a c e ed i A . 178 f he Ci i C de. P i a
c e ed ha he ag ee e be ee he a d J e a f he e a i i e i h he a e d i g he i i ia e i d
f he eg a c a d f hi ii a d he . The e e ag eed be e a a ed e a e . She e e e ed
hi b he a e ef ed acce he .

I e: ​Whe he he e i aba d e he a fJ eJ a a j dicia e a a i f c j ga e .

R ling: ​SC i i he ii ha e de c h d ha e ade he ece a difica i i ead f di i i g he

ca e fi ed. F aba d e e i , he e be a ab e ce a i f a i a e a i , d ie a d igh , i h he
i e i f e e a e aai . The fac ha J did acce he de a e ha he had i e i f e i g
hei c j ga e a i hi . F 1968 i 1988, J e ef ed ide fi a cia P i a. He ce, he h ica
e aai f he a ie , c ed i h he ef a b he i a e e de gi e he e i i e , fficed
c i e aba d e a ag d f he j dicia e a a i f hei c j ga e .

B c 5 Page 68 f 74
Whe ef e, he e i i a g a ed a d i fa f he e i i e a d ha he c de ed he c j ga e f he
e be di ided be ee he , ha e a d ha e a i e. The di i i i be i e e ed af e he de e i a i fa
he e ie e ai i g he aid c j ga a e hi i c di g h e ha a ha e bee i ega egi e ed i he
a e f he e .

11. Di i f CPG, FC 126

A . 126. The c j ga a e hi e i a e :
(1) U he dea h f ei he e;
(2) Whe he e i a dec ee f ega e a a i ;
(3) Whe he a iage i a ed dec a ed id;
(4) I ca e f j dicia e a a i f e d i g he a iage de A ic e 134 138.

(a) Dea h, FC 126 (1), 130

A . 130. U he e i a i f he a iage b dea h, he c j ga a e hi e ha be i ida ed i he a e
ceedi g f he e e e f he e a e f he decea ed.
If j dicia e e e ceedi g i i i ed, he i i g e ha i ida e he c j ga a e hi e
ei he j dicia e a-j dicia i hi i h f he dea h f he decea ed e. If he a e f he
i - h ei d i ida i i ade, a di ii e c b a ce i i g he c j ga a e hi e f
he e i a ed a iage ha be id.
Sh d he i i g ec ac a b e e a iage i h c ia ce i h he f eg i g e i e e , a
a da egi e f c ee e aai f e ha g e he e eai f he b e e a iage.

Heirs of Go v Servacio, GR 157537, Sept. 7, 2011 (Repeated)

(b) Lega e a a i , FC 63 (2), FC 66

A . 63. The dec ee f ega e a a i ha ha e he f i g effec :
(2) The ab ec i he c j ga a e hi ha be di ed a d i ida ed b he ffe di g e ha
ha e igh a ha e f he e fi ea ed b he ab ec i he c j ga a e hi , hich ha be
f fei ed i acc da ce i h he ii f A ic e 43(2);

A . 66. The ec ci ia i efe ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha ha e he f i g c e e ce :

(1) The ega e a a i ceedi g , if i e di g, ha he eb be e i a ed a ha e e age; a d
(2) The fi a dec ee f ega e a a i ha be e a ide, b he e a a i f e a d a f fei e f he ha e f
he g i e a ead effec ed ha bi , e he e ag ee e i e hei f e e egi e.

(c) A e a d dec a a i f i , FC 50 i e . FC 43 (2)

A . 50. ​The effec ided f b a ag a h (2), (3), (4) a d (5) f A ic e 43 a d b A ic e 44 ha a a i he
e ca e a iage hich a e dec a ed ab i i i a ed b fi a j dg e de A ic e 40 a d 45.
The fi a j dg e i ch ca e ha ide f he i ida i , a i i a d di ib i f he e ie f he
e , he c d a d f he c chi d e , a d he de i e f hi d e i e egi i e , e ch
a e had bee adj dica ed i e i j dicia ceedi g .
A c edi f he e a e a f he ab ec i he c j ga a e hi ha be ified f he
ceedi g f i ida i .
I he a i i , he c j ga d e i g a d he hich i i i a ed, ha be adj dica ed i acc da ce i h he
ii f A ic e 102 a d 129.

B c 5 Page 69 f 74
A . 43.​ The e i a i f he b e e a iage efe ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha d ce he ff effec :
(2) The ab ec i f e he c j ga a e hi , a he ca e a be, ha be di ed a d i ida ed,
b if ei he ec ac ed aid a iage i bad fai h, hi he ha e f he e fi f he c i e
c j ga a e hi e ha be f fei ed i fa f he c chi d e , if he e a e e, he chi d e f he
g i eb a e i a iage i defa f chi d e , he i ce e

(d) J dicia e a a i f e , FC 134-138

A . 134.​ I he ab e ce f a e e dec a a i i he a iage e e e , he e a a i f e be ee e
d i g he a iage ha a e ace e ce b j dicia de . S ch j dicia e a a i f e a ei he be
a f fficie ca e. (190a)

A . 135.​ A f he f i g ha be c ide ed fficie ca e f j dicia e a a i f e :

(1) Tha he e f he e i i e ha bee e e ced a e a hich ca ie i h i ci i i e dic i ;
(2) Tha he e f he e i i e ha bee j dicia dec a ed a ab e ee;
(3) Tha f ae a a h i f he e f e i i e ha bee dec eed b he c ;
(4) Tha he e f he e i i e ha aba d ed he a e fai ed c i h hi he b iga i he fa i
a ided f i A ic e 101;
(5) Tha he e g a ed he e f ad i i a i i he a iage e e e ha ab ed ha e ;a d
(6) Tha a he i e f he e i i , he e ha e bee e a a ed i fac f a ea e ea a d ec ci ia i i high
i bab e.
I he ca e ided f i N be (1), (2) a d (3), he e e a i f he fi a j dg e agai he g i ab e
e ha be e gh ba i f he g a f he dec ee f j dicia e a a i f e . (191a)

A . 136​. The e a j i fi e a e ified e i i i h he c f he a di i f he ab e

c i he c j ga a e hi f gai , a d f he e a a i f hei c e ie .
A c edi f he ab ec i f he c j ga a e hi f gai , a e a he e a c edi f he
e, ha be i ed i he e i i a d ified f he fi i g he e f. The c ha a e ea e ec he
c edi a d he e i h ec ia i e e . (191a)

A . 137. O ce he e a a i f e ha bee dec eed, he ab ec i he c j ga a e hi f gai

ha be i ida ed i c f i i h hi C de.
D i g he e de c f he ceedi g f e aai f e , he ab ec i he c j ga a e hi
ha a f he f he e a d hei chi d e . (192a)

A . 138. Af e di i f he ab e c i f he c j ga a e hi , he ii c ee
e aai f e ha a .

Ugalde v Ysasi, GR 130623, Februar 29, 2008 (Repeated)

12. Effec f di i , FC 129

A . 129. U he di i f he c j ga a e hi egi e, he f i g ced e ha a :
(1) A i e ha be e a ed, i i g e a a e a he e ie f he c j ga a e hi a d he e c i e
e ie f each e.
(2) A ad a ced b he c j ga a e hi i a e f e a deb a d b iga i f ei he e ha be
c edi ed he c j ga a e hi a a a e he e f.
(3) Each e ha be ei b ed f he e f hi he e c i e f d i he ac i i i f e f he a e
f hi he e c i e e , he e hi f hich ha bee e ed b a i he c j ga a e hi .

B c 5 Page 70 f 74
(4) The deb a d b iga i f he c j ga a e hi ha be aid f he c j ga a e . I ca e f i fficie c
f aid a e , he e ha be ida i iab e f he aid ba a ce i h hei e a a e e ie , i acc da ce
i h he ii f a ag a h (2) f A ic e 121.
(5) Wha e e e ai f he e c i e e ie f he e ha he eaf e be de i e ed each f he .
(6) U e he e had bee i de ified f ha e e ce, he de e i a i f ab e ed f he
be efi f he fa i , be gi g ei he e, e e d e f i e e , ha be aid aid ef he
c j ga f d , if a .
(7) The e e ai de f he c j ga a e hi e ie ha c i e he fi , hich ha be di ided e a
be ee h ba d a d ife, e a diffe e i di i i a ag eed i he a iage e e e e
he e ha bee a a ai e f fei e f ch ha e a ided i hi C de.
(8) The e i e egi i e f he c chi d e ha be de i e ed he a i i i acc da ce i h A ic e 51.
(9) I he a i i f he e ie , he c j ga d e i g a d he hich i i i a ed ha , e he i e ag eed
b he a ie , be adj dica ed he e ih h he aj i f he c chi d e ch e e ai .
Chi d e be he age f e e ea a e dee ed ha e ch e he he , e he c ha decided he i e. I
ca e he e i ch aj i , he c ha decide, a i g i c ide a i he be i e e f aid chi d e .

Tarrosa vs De Leon, GR 185063, Jul 23, 2009 (Repeated)

44.​ Cab e a Cab e a, GR 171260, Sep embe 11, 2009 (Una igned) (Wence lao) Tan
Fac : ​Cefe i Cab e a J ( e de ) fi ed a e i i f i f hi a iage (FC36) A a R b e Cab e a
( e i i e ) i h he RTC. RTC g a ed hi e i i a d ede ed he di i a d i ida i f c j ga a e hi
i acc da ce i h FC 129, i h ej dice c edi . Cefe i he fi ed f a i f e ec i de i g he
Di i f c j ga a e hi . He gh i ida i f hei c j ga h e be d a d f he ceed be
di ided acc di g . RTC i ed a de g a i g hi e i i a d a he ea i g ec i e b e i ec he
e . A a fi ed a i f ec ide a i hich a de ied.
RTC i ed a de g a i g i f ei he b e f he e , BJD H di g c ai .A ice aca e
a gi e A a .
A a fi ed a i h d i abe a ce he i f e i a d ice aca e a g i g ha FC129(9) a e ha
he c j ga d e i g ha be adj dica ed he e ih h he aj i f he chi d e ch e e ai . She
a e ed ha he fa i h e h d be gi e he . Thi a di i ed beca e he deci i had g bec e fi a a d
e ec . RTC aid ha FC 129(9) e e a i ai he e he e a e e ie a ide f he c j ga d e i g.
Agai , A a a de ied.
(T a age he ca e, he fi ed e e e i i g he a idi f a e) Whe hi ca e a fi ed i h he SC, he e e e
3 e fi ed i h he CA e i i g he a idi f he deed f a e be ee Cefe i a d BJD HI di g C ai
beca e he did gi e c e . The CA g a ed he e a d e a ded he RTC. B he RTC had a ead e de ed
j dg e a fi a a d e ec ( e he fa i d e i g)

I e:​ W/N he a e f he e i a ie he e i RTC deci i h d ge be i iga ed a e ( a

d e i A a i di ec e e he fai ed e i i ), ( , i h , W/N he ca i g af e hei d e i g
de i e a e ec deci i )

R ling:​ N , he ca ai e he e e e i ab he a e. I d be fai f he ai e he a g e i hi
e i i i he g i e f e i i g he b e e i e e ai de f he RTC.
She ca e i he a idi f a e beca e he he e f aid ha hi a agai a e di g ca e i he CA a d he ef e
ca be bjec he e i i he ei .

No e:​ The SC deci i beca e e ced a beca e he fi ed a ca e . b e: he e ,​ FC 129

p e ppo e he co ple ha mo e han 1 p ope ​(ie. he c j ga d e i g).

B c 5 Page 71 f 74
I ca e ha e e e ie , i ida e a d di ide h e, he gi e he d e i g he e i h he chi d e . If
ha e ha e e , ha e e a d i ida e ha . T a ea g h , he he h e d i g
he i ida i age he ade e e i i e i i g he a idi f a e, e c, h i g he c d i e FC 129 agai
ge he h e.
Cabre a v Cabre a, GR 181962, Januar 16, 2012 (Repeated)

(a) Li ida i ced e, FC 129 SEE UP 12

Quiao v Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, J​ ul 4, 2012 (Repeated)

(b) Ca e he ha dea h, FC 43(2), 63(2)

FC 43(2). ​The e i a i f he b e e a iage efe ed i he ecedi g A ic e ha d ce he f i g
effec :​ (2) The ab ec i f e he c j ga a e hi , a he ca e a be, ha be di ed a d
i ida ed, b if ei he ec ac ed aid a iage i bad fai h, hi he ha e f he e fi f he c i
e c j ga a e hi e ha be f fei ed i fa f he c chi d e , if he e a e e, he
chi d e f he g i eb a e i a iage i defa f chi d e , he i ce e;

​FC 63(2)​. ​The dec ee f ega e a a i ha ha e he f i g effec : (2) The ab ec i he c j ga

a e hi ha be di ed a d i ida ed b he ffe di g e ha ha e igh a ha e f he e fi
ea ed b he ab ec i he c j ga a e hi , hich ha be f fei ed i acc da ce i h he ii
f A ic e 43(2);

(c) e i a i d e dea h; FC 130, cf. FC 104

A . 130.​ U he e i a i f he a iage b dea h, he c j ga a e hi e ha be i ida ed i he a e
ceedi g f he e e e f he e a e f he decea ed.If j dicia e e e ceedi g i i i ed, he i i g
e ha i ida e he c j ga a e hi e ei he j dicia e a-j dicia i hi i h f he
dea h f he decea ed e. If he a e f he i - h ei d i ida i i ade, a di ii
e c b a ce i i g he c j ga a e hi e f he e i a ed a iage ha be id.

A . 104.​ Whe e e he i ida i f he c i e ie f e a iage c ac ed b he a e e

bef e he effec i i f hi C de i ca ied i a e , he e ec i e ca i a , f i a d i c e f each
c i ha be de e i ed ch f a a be c ide ed acc di g he e f e ide ce. I ca e f d b
a hich c i he e i i g e ie be g, he a e ha be di ided be ee he diffe e c i ie i
i he ca i a a d d a i f each.

13. F a iage bef e FC, FC 131

A . 131.​ Whe e e he i ida i f he c j ga a e hi e ie f e a iage c ac ed b he
a e e bef e he effec i i f hi C de i ca ied i a e , he e ec i e ca i a , f i a d i c e f
each a e hi ha be de e i ed ch f a a be c ide ed acc di g he e f e ide ce. I ca e f
d b a hich a e hi he e i i g e ie be g, he a e ha be di ided be ee he diffe e a e hi
i i he ca i a a d d a i f each.

14. A icabi i fR e fC , FC 132

A . 132. The ​R e f C he ad i i a i fe ae f decea ed e ha be b e ed i he a ai a a d
ae f e f he c j ga a e hi , a d he a e hich a e e e de e i ed i hi Cha e .

B c 5 Page 72 f 74
 15. S d i g CPG i ida i , FC 133
A . 133.​ F he c a f e ha be gi e he i i g ea d he chi d e d i g he
i ida i f he i e ied e a d i ha be g he i de i e ed; b f hi ha be ded c ed ha
a ecei ed f hich e ceed he f i e e ai i g he .

45. San e o . CFI, 153 SCRA 728 (Ce e o)

Fac : ​P i ce i a Sa -M a e , F ede ic Sa e a d Wi ie Sa e (Pe i i e ) a e chi d e f he a e Pab Sa e
i h Fe i be a Pac a hi e Vic , R d ig , A e i a a d Mig e Sa e (Re de ) a e 4 f he 7 chi d e b
Pab Sa e i h A e a Dia . B h e f chi d e a e he a a chi d e f he a e Pab i ce ei he f hei
he a a ied hei fa he . Pab a he egi i a e f Pa c a Sa e a d Si a Pa i Vda. de
Sa e .The i e i hi ca e i g f he M i f A a ce fi ed b Re de h gh hei g a dia ,
A e a i 1981 he ei he g d ci ed a f hich i c ded ed ca i a e e e , c hi g a d edica
ece i ie , hich a g a ed. Agai , Re de fi ed a M i f A a ce i 1982, ci i g he a e g d.
Pe i i e ed a d c e ded ha he a d f h a a ce i gh a e ge ch i g a d ha e a ai ed
aj i age ha he a e ge de g a dia hi . The i e i e a ege ha he ad i i a d e ha e
fficie f d c e he aid a a ce beca e ha e e f d a e i he ha d f he ad i i a , he c i e
f d he d i f he be efi f h e e i be adj dged a e f he Ka i e f hich aid
ad i i a de i e he i c e f he i e a e e a e f Pab .I he Re he O i i fi ed b A e a, he
ad i ed ha e f he chi d e a e f age a d e ed f he fi e e e d e ac f f d b i be
e ed a a he a e gi e he e e ed a a ce . She ci ed A . 290 f he Ci i C de a d Sec. 3 f R e 83 f
he R e f C .

CFI g a ed he a a ce he Re de (2 each).Whi e he ca e a e di g i he SC, Re de fi ed a he

M i f A a ce i c de J a i a, E e i a a d Ped Sa e a chi d e f Pab i h A e a a i g ha a
de be g a ed di ec i g he ad i i a de i e 6 each f he 7 chi d e a hei a a ce. CFI g a ed agai
b Pe i i e a ed he CFI ec ide . A A e ded O de a i ed di ec i g A e a b i he c a ifica i
e a ai a he addi i a 3 chi d e i c ded. A e a a ed ha i he e i i , he a 4 i
chi d e e e i c ded a d he fi 3 h e e he f age h d ha e bee i c ded i ce a he chi d e ha e he igh
ecei e a a ce a ad a ce a e f hei ha e i he i he i a ce f Pab de A . 188 f he NCC.CFI i ed
a he O de di ec i g he ad i i a ge bac he a a ce f he 3 addi i a eci ie chi d e f
A e a.Pe i i e a g e ha Re de a e e i ed a a a ce i ce he ha e a ead a ai ed aj i , 2
a e gai f e ed a d 1 i a ied a ided f de Sec. 3 R e 83, f he ROC. Pe i i e a a ege ha
he e a i e e e ai he a f he g a dia i a i g f a a ce f i i fee , b a d he ch
a e ia a d he i ce a e e e e f ch e 1982-83 beca e he e a d ha e a ead a ai ed aj i
age ha he a e ge de g a dia hi

I e:​W/N CFI ac ed i h ab e f di c e i i g a i g he a a ce Re de de i e he fac ha a f he

ae i a d a a e gai f e ed i h he e ce i f Mig e ? N

R ling: ​The fac ha i a e e de a e f age, gai f e ed, a ied i f e a d h d be

ega ded a he de e i i g fac f hei igh a a ce de A . 188. Whi e he R e f C i i a a ce
he id a d i i ca aci a ed chi d e f he decea ed, he Ne Ci i C de gi e he i i g e a d hi /he
chi d e ih di i c i . He ce, he i a e e de Vic , R d ig , A e i a a d Mig e a a ed Sa e
a e e i ed a a ce a ad a ce f hei ha e i he i he i a ce f hei fa he Pab Sa e .

B c 5 Page 73 f 74
Si ce he ii f he Ci i C de, a b a i e a , gi e he i i g ea d he chi d e he igh ecei e
d i g he i ida i f he e a e f he decea ed, ch igh ca be i ai ed b R e 83 Sec. 3 f he R e
fC hich i a ced a e. Be i ed h e e ha i h e ec " e," he a e be he " egi i a e
e" ( c -a e h a e he he f he chi d e he e).

I i e ha he M i f A a ce a g a ed b e de C ih hea i g. The ec d h ha he
"M i f A a ce" da ed J e 30, 1982 c ai a ​Notice of Hearing add e ed he a e f he e i i e a d
e i g he hea i g he e f J 8, 1982 a 9:00 i he i g. A a e ac f aid i a d ecei ed b
he a e , A . Be a a he fi ed a ii he e he a e da e f hea i g f he i . F he e e e he
i a e i i ad i ha he a d , ( e i i e a d i a e e de a e e e ed b hei e ec i e g a dia )
"ha e bee g a ed a a ce f ch e e e f ab 8 ea ." The e de c i g a i g he i
f a a ce e e "f ed he ​precedent f he c hich g a ed a ​similar motion last ear​." H e e i e i
ea (1979-1981) he " a d " ( e i i e a d i a e e de ) ecei ed P1,500.00 each de e di g he
a ai abi i f f d a g a ed b he c i e e a de .

WHEREFORE, i he igh f he af e e i ed ci c a ce , he i a Pe i i i he eb DISMISSED a d he

a ai ed j dg e i AFFIRMED.

B c 5 Page 74 f 74