Tensis English

1
FOREWORD
Praise to Allah SWT who has bestowed his mercy and guidance, so that he
can complete this paper which is a task
On this occasion, I would like to thank everyone including lecturers
and friends who helped complete this book.
This book has been prepared with the intention of providing
knowledge about Tenses that can be accessed by the public more guided
by the existence of this book.
The criticism and suggestions that we made were highly expected
for the perfection of this book.
thank you
Lubuk Pakam, 29 January 2019

Author
SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

2
Table Of Contents
1.Foreword ................................................................................. 1
2.Table Of Content ..................................................................... 2
3.Chapter 1 Preliminary ............................................................. 4
1.1.Background
4.Chapter 2 ..................................................................... 5
2.1.Simple Present Tense
5.Chapter 3 ................................................................................. 7
3.1.Present Continuous Tense
6.Chapter 4 ................................................................................. 9
4.1.Present Perfect Tense
7.Chapter 5 ................................................................................. 11
5.1.Present Perfect Continuous Tense
8.Chapter 6 ................................................................................. 13
6.1.Simple Past Tense
9.Chapter 7 ................................................................................. 15
7.1.Past Continuous Tense
10.Chapter 8 ............................................................................... 17
8.1.Past Perfect Tense
11.Chapter 9 ............................................................................... 19
9.1.Past Perfect Continuous Tense
12.Chapter 10 ............................................................................. 21
10.1.Simple Future Tense
13.Chapter 11 ............................................................................. 23
11.1.Future Continuous Tense
14.Chapter 12 ............................................................................. 25

3
12.1.Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
15.Chapter 13 ............................................................................. 27
13.1.Past Future Tense
16.Chapter 14 ............................................................................. 29
14.1.Future Perfect Tense
17.Chapter 15 ............................................................................. 31
15.1.Past Future ContinuousTense
18.Chapter 16 ............................................................................. 33
16.1.Past Future Perfect Tense
19.Chapter 17 ............................................................................. 35
20.Chapter 18 ............................................................................. 37
18.1.Closing
21.Bibliography .......................................................................... 38

4
Chapter 1
Preliminary
1.1 Background
Tenses are verbs that are often used in everyday life. There are many
types of tenses and what are they? , this is what will be revealed in this
book.

5
Chapter 2
2.1.Simple present tense
* Understanding Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense is a form of verb to express facts, habits, or
events that occur at the present time.
* Explanation and Simple Present Tense Formula

Simple present tense is formed from verb-1 (present tense) or linking verb
"be" (is, am, are).
Thus the simple present tense formula for positive, negative, and
interrogative sentences is as follows.
Santence Formula
S + V-1
positive
S +/- auxiliary(do/does) + bare infinitive
(+)
S + be(am/is/are)
S + aux. verb(do/does) + not + bare

negative
infinitive
(-)
S + be(am/is/are) + not
interogative Do/Does + S + bare infinitive

(?) Be(am/is/are) + S

6
Example Simple Present Tense
She likes eating out

Sentence POSITIVE (+)
The children are naughty.
She doesn’t like eating out

Sentence NEGATIVE (-)
The children aren’t naughty
Does she like eating out

Sentence INTROGATIVE (?)
Are the children naughty

7
Chapter 3
3.1.Present continuous tense

* Understanding Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense or present progressive tense is a form of verb
that is used to talk about the current action
* Present Continuous Tense Formula

Present continuous tense is formed with the auxiliary verb "be", in the form
of is / am / are - because of the present tense, and present participle (-ing
form). Generally the present continuous tense only occurs in actions such
as dynamic verb, not stative verb . Why is that? Because in general only
dynamic verb has a continuous shape.
Sentence Formula
S + be(am/is/are) + V1-ing/pres. participle

positive(+)
negative(-) S + be(am/is/are) + not + V1-ing/pres. Participle
interogative(?) be(am/is/are) + S + V1-ing/pres. participle?

8
Sentence Example Present Continuous Tense
The ships are sailing

positive(+)
He is smiling
The ships are not sailing

negative(-)
He is not smiling
are the ships sailing

interogative(?)
Is he smiling

9
Chapter 4
4.1.Present Perfect Tense

* Understanding Present Perfect Tense
The present perfect tense is a form of verb that is used to express an action
or situation that has begun in the past and has been completed at a certain
point in time in the past or still continues today.
* Perfect Present Tense Formula

Present perfect tense formed with auxiliary verb "have" or "has", and
past participle (verb-3). have used for i, you, they, we, as was for he,
she, it, and third people single. only the past participle can be in the
form of irregular or regular verb.
Sentence Formula
positive
S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past participle
(+)
negative
S + aux. verb(have/has) + not + V-3/past participle
(-)
interogative
aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past participle
(?)

10
Sentence Example Present Perfect Tense
positive I have read

(+) He has left
negative I have not read

(-) He hasn’t left
interogative Have I read

(?) Has he left

11
Chapter 5
5.1.Present Perfect Continuous Tense
*Present Perfect Continuous Tense Understanding
the present perfect continuous tense is a form of verbs used to represent
the action that has ended in a point in the past or action began in the past
and continue to continue until now. action on the present perfect
continuous tense usually dured certain time and there are releases with the
conditions now.
* Present Perfect Continuous Tense Formula
present perfect continuous tense formed with auxiliary verb have or has,
been and present participle (v1-ing). have used for i, you, they, we, as was
for he, she, it, and third people single.
Sentence Fomula
positif S + have/has + been + V1-ing/present
(+) participle
negatif S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing/present

(-) participle
interogatif have/has + S + been + V1-ing/present

(?) participle

12
Example Present Perfect Continuous

Sentence
Tense
positif She has been driving
(+) The toddlers have been sleeping
negatif She has not been driving
(-) The toddlers haven’t been sleeping
interogatif Has she been driving
(?) Have the toddlers been sleeping

13
Chapter 6
6.1.Simple Past Tense

* Understanding Simple Past Tense
Simple past tense is a simple form of verb to show that an event
happened in the past. In simple past tense, the time of the event
(yesterday, last two days, last year) or the time period (for two months, for
a day, for an hour) can be specifically mentioned. The simple past tense
can also be used to form type 2 if conditional.
* Formula Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense formed from verb-2 (past tense) or linking verb "be"
(was, were). what is verb-2? verb-2 is an infinitive bare (basic verb form)
with additional -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne for regular verb or not consistent
form on verb irregulars.
Sentence Fomula
positif S + Verb-2 (past tense)

(+) S + be(was/were)
negatif S + did + not + bare infinitive

(-) S + be(was/were) + not
interogatif Did + S + bare infinitive

(?) be(was/were) + S

14
Sentence Example Simple Past Tense
positif The teacher came
(+) I was a stamp collector
negatif The teacher didn’t come
(-) I wasn’t a stamp collector
interogatif Did the teacher come

(?) Was I a stamp collector

15
Chapter 7
7.1. Past Continuous Tense
* Understanding Past Continuous Tense

The action has already begin but has not been completed at that time.
* Formulated Continuous Tense Past

Past continuous tense formed with auxiliary verb "be", for was / were -
because past tense (past), and present participle (-ing form). was for
singular subject (i, she, he, it, and third people's pronouns) and were for
plural subject (you, they, we, third people).
general continuous tense only happens on dynamic verb action, not stative
verb because it is generally dynamic verb only that have continuous forms.
Sentence Formula
S + be(was/were) + V1-ing/present
positive(+)
participle
S + be(was/were) + not + V1-ing/present

negative(-)
participle
be(was/were) + S + V1-ing/present
interogative(?)
participle?

16
Sentence Example Past Continuous Tense
The team was running

positive(+)
The workers were queuing
The team was not running

negative(-)
The workers weren’t queuing
Was the team running

interogative(?)
Were the workers queuing

17
Chapter 8
8.1.Past Perfect Tense

* Understanding Past Perfect Tense
the tense past perfect is a form of verbs used to represent that a action
has ended in a point in the past before the other action happened. the
action that has finished in the lampau it can happen a time or only a time.
can be used to form a conditional type 3 and reported speech.
* Formula Past Perfect Tense

past perfect tense formed with auxiliary verb "had", and past participle
(verb-3). had used well for singular or plural subject. on the past participle
can be in the form of irregular or regular verb.
Sentence Formula
positif(+) S + had + Verb-3/past participle
negatif(-) S + had + not + Verb-3/past participle
interogatif(?) had + S + Verb-3/past participle

18
Sentence Example Past Perfect Tense
My brother had slept

positif(+)
They had come
My brother hadn’t slept

negatif(-)
They hadn’t come
Had my brother come

interogatif(?)
Had they come

19
Chapter 9
9.1.Past Perfect Continuous Tense
* Understanding Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The past perfect continuous tense is a form of verbs used to express a
action (with certain time duration) has finished in a certain time point in the
past.
* Formula Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense formed with auxiliary verb had and been and
present participle. generally past perfect continuous tense only happened
on the action of dynamic verb, not stative verb because it is generally
dynamic verb only that has continuous forms.
Sentence Formula
positif
S + had + been + V1-ing/present participle
(+)
negatif
S + had + not + been + V1-ing/present participle
(-)
interogatif
had + S + been + V1-ing/present participle
(?)

20
Sentence Example Past Perfect Continuous Tense
positif Lia had been walking
(+) The labors had been demonstrating
Lia had not been walking

negatif
(-) The labors hadn’t been demostrating
Had Lia been walking

interogatif
(?) Had the labors been demonstrating

21
Chapter 10.
10.1.Simple Future Tense

* Understanding Simple Future Tense
the tense simple future is a form of verbs used to represent that a action
happened in the future, spontantly or planned. tense simple future
advances can also be used to form a conditional type 1.
* Simple Future Tense Formula

simple future tense formed from "will" or "shall" capital and bare infinitive
(verb basic form) or made from auxiliary verb "be" (am, is, are), present
participle "going", and infinitive. what is infinitive? the infinitive is the bare
infinitive that was started or unlocked "to".
Sentence Formula
positif S + will + bare infinitive

(+) S + be(am/is/are) + going + infinitive
negatif S + will + not + bare infinitive

(-) S + be(am/is/are) + not + going + infinitive
interogatif Will + S + bare infinitive

(?) Be(am/is/are) + S + going + infinitive ?

22
Sentence Example Simple Future Tense
positif You will win

(+) They are going to come
negatif You won’t win
(-) They aren’t going to come
interogatif Will you win

(?) Are they going to come

23
Chapter 11
11.1.future continuous tense

* Understanding Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense or future progressive tense is a form of verb that
is used to express actions that will be happening at a certain time in the
future. The action was started but it was not finished at that time.
* Formula Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense is formed with verbwill and be auxiliary, and
present participle (-ing form). In general, future continuous tense generally
only occurs in actions such as dynamic verb, not stative verb because
generally only dynamic verb has a continuous form.
Sentence Formula
positif (+) S + will be + V1-ing/present participle
negatif (-) S + will + not + be + V1-ing/present participle
interogatif (?) Will + S + be + V1-ing/present participle

24
Sentence Example Future Continuous Tense
He will be sleeping
positif (+)
You and I will be walking
He will not be sleeping

negatif (-)
You and I won’t be walking
Will he be sleeping
interogatif (?)
Will you and I be walking

25
Chapter 12

* The Past Understanding of Future Perfect Continuous Tense
The perfect continuous tense future past is a form of verb to discuss

actions that will have lasted for so long at a certain point in time in the past.
The perfect continuous tense past action usually takes a certain amount of
time. Thisense is similar to the future perfect continuous tense, but the
realization of past future continuous tense action can now be known.
* Formula Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect continuous tense formed with auxiliary verb would,
have, been and present participle (v1-ing).
In general, perfect continuous tense past future only occurs in actions such
as dynamic verb, not stative verb because generally only dynamic verb has
a continuous form.
Sentence Formula
positif S + would + have + been + V1-

(+) ing/present participle
negatif S + would + not + have + been + V1-

(-) ing/present participle
interogatif Would + S + have + been + V1-

(?) ing/present participle

26
Sentence Example Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense
positif I/you/she/he/it would have been driving
(+) They/we would have been working
negatif I/you/she/he/it would not have been driving
(-) They/we would not have been working
interogatif Would I/you/she/he/it have been driving
(?) Would they/we have been working

27
Chapter 13
13.1.Past Future Tense
*Understanding Past Future Tense
"Future in the past" is a form of verb to discuss the future from a past
perspective. More specifically, this form is used to express an action that
will be carried out, both voluntarily and planned, making predictions, and
making promises in the future while in the past. Past future tenses are often
used in reported speech.
*Past Future Tense Formula

Past future tense is formed from the capital "would" and bare infinitive
(basic form verb) or formed from the auxiliary verb "be" (was, were), present
participle "going", and infinitive What is an infinitive? Infinitive is a particle
"to" + bare infinitive.
Thus the past future tense formula for positive, negative, and interrogative
sentences is as follows.
Sentence Formula
positif S + would + bare infinitive

(+) S + was/were + going to + bare infinitive
negatif S + would + not + bare infinitive

(-) S + was/were + not + going to + bare infinitive
interogatif Would + S + bare infinitive?

(?) Was/were + S + going to + bare infinitive ?

28
Sentence Example Past Future Tense
He would forgive you.

positif
(+) Lia was going to give two beautiful scarfs to her friend.
negatif He wouldn’t forgive you.
(-) Lia wasn’t going to give two beautiful scarfs to her friend.
Would he forgive you?

interogatif
(?) Was Lia going to give two beautiful scarfs to her friend?

29
Chapter 14
14.1.Future Perfect Tense

* Understanding Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense is a form of verb used to express that an activity will
be completed at a point in time in the future.
* Future Perfect Tense formula

The future perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb will and have, and
the past participle (verb-3). Have used both for singular and plural subjects.
Whereas the past participle can be either irregular or regular verb.
Thus the future perfect tense formula for positive, negative, and
interrogative sentences is as follows.
Sentence Formula
S + will + have + V-3/past participle

positif
(+)
negatif
S + will + not + have + V-3/past participle
(-)
interogatif
will + S + have + V-3/past participle
(?)

30
Sentence Example Future Perfect Tense
positif The students will have come
(+) Meri will have eaten
negatif The students will haven’t come
(-) Meri won’t have eaten
interogatif Will the students have come
(?) Will Meri have eaten

31
Chapter 15
15.1.Past Future Continuous Tense

* Understanding Past Future Continuous Tense
Past Future Continuous Tense a form of verb to discuss what will be done
in the future when in the past. Like future continuous tense, this form is to
make a plan or prediction and tends to call a specific time.
* Past Future Continuous Tense Formula

Past future continuous tense is formed with an auxiliary verbwould or
should danbe, and the present participle (-ing form). In general, future
continuous tense generally only occurs in actions such as dynamic verb,
not stative verb because generally only dynamic verb has a continuous
form
Sentence Formula
positif
S + would/should be + V1-ing/present participle
(+)
negatif
S + would/should + not + be + V1-ing/present participle
(-)
interogatif
Would/should + S + be + V1-ing/present participle
(?)

32
Sentence Example Past Future Continuous Tense
positif He would be working
(+) They/we would be studying
negatif I/you/she/he/it wouldn’t be working

(-) They/we wouldn’t be studying
interogatif Would I/you/she/he/it be working

(?) Would they/we be studying

33
Chapter 16.
16.1.Past Future Perfect Tense
* Understanding Past Future Perfect Tense
Past future perfect tense is a form of verb to discuss activities that will have
been done in the past. This form is commonly used in main clause of
conditional sentence type 3.
* Past Future Perfect Tense Formula

The past future perfect tense is formed with the auxiliary verb would
ataushould and have, and the past participle (verb-3). Have used both for
singular and plural subjects. Whereas the past participle can be either
irregular or regular verb.
Sentence Formula
positif
S + would/should + have + V-3/past participle
(+)
negatif S + would/should + not + have + V-3/past

(-) participle
interogatif
Would/should + S + have + V-3/past participle
(?)

34
Sentence Example Past Future Perfect Tense
positif I/you/she/he/it would have worked

(+) They/we would have been
negatif I/you/she/he/it wouldn’t have worked

(-)
They/we wouldn’t have been
Would I/you/she/he/it have worked

interogatif
(?) Would they/we have been

35
Chapter 17

* Understanding Past future perfect continuous tense
The perfect continuous tense future past is a form of verb to discuss
actions that will have lasted for so long at a certain point in time in the past.
The perfect continuous tense past action usually takes a certain amount of
time. This tense is similar to the future perfect continuous tense, but the
realization of past future continuous tense actions can be known now.
* Future Perfect Continuous Tense Formula

The future perfect continuous tense is formed with the auxiliary verb would,
have, present participle (v1-ing) and beend. In general, perfect continuous
tense past future only occurs in actions such as dynamic verb, not stative
verb because generally only dynamic verb has a continuous form.
Sentence Formula
positif
S + would + have + been + V1-ing/present participle
(+)
negatif S + would + not + have + been + V1-ing/present

(-) participle
interogatif
Would + subjek + have been + V-ing
(?)

36
Sentence ExamplePast Future Perfect Continuous Tense
positif I/you/she/he/it would have been driving

(+)
They/we would have been working
I/you/she/he/it would not have been driving

negatif
(-)
They/we would not have been working
interogatif Would you have been working in leading companies for 5 years
(?) ?

37
Chapter 18
18.1. Closing

38
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Lubuk Pakam, 29 January 2019

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

2.Table Of Content ..................................................................... 2

3.Chapter 1 Preliminary ............................................................. 4

2.1.Simple Present Tense

3.1.Present Continuous Tense

4.1.Present Perfect Tense

5.1.Present Perfect Continuous Tense

6.1.Simple Past Tense

7.1.Past Continuous Tense

8.1.Past Perfect Tense

9.1.Past Perfect Continuous Tense

10.1.Simple Future Tense

11.1.Future Continuous Tense

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

12.1.Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

13.1.Past Future Tense

14.1.Future Perfect Tense

15.1.Past Future ContinuousTense

16.1.Past Future Perfect Tense

17.1.Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

* Explanation and Simple Present Tense Formula

S + aux. verb(do/does) + not + bare

interogative Do/Does + S + bare infinitive

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

Example Simple Present Tense

She likes eating out

She doesn’t like eating out

Does she like eating out

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

3.1.Present continuous tense

* Present Continuous Tense Formula

S + be(am/is/are) + V1-ing/pres. participle

negative(-) S + be(am/is/are) + not + V1-ing/pres. Participle

interogative(?) be(am/is/are) + S + V1-ing/pres. participle?

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

Sentence Example Present Continuous Tense

The ships are sailing

The ships are not sailing

are the ships sailing

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

4.1.Present Perfect Tense

* Perfect Present Tense Formula

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

Sentence Example Present Perfect Tense

positive I have read

negative I have not read

interogative Have I read

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

positif S + have/has + been + V1-ing/present

negatif S + have/has + not + been + V1-ing/present

interogatif have/has + S + been + V1-ing/present

SIMPLE BOOK 16 TENSES KENAMTI PENUSA

Example Present Perfect Continuous

positif She has been driving

(+) The toddlers have been sleeping

negatif She has not been driving

(-) The toddlers haven’t been sleeping

interogatif Has she been driving