Data Communication and Networking Basic MCQ Set – behrouz forouzan

A+ A  A-

This section focused on Data Communication and Networking Basics MCQ (multiple choice) type Questions and
Answers .

All the Multiple Choice Question and Answer (MCQs) have been compiled from the books of Data Communication
and Networking by The well known author behrouz forouzan.

This Section covers below lists of topic.

1. Data communications system MCQs.
2. Simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex MCQs.
3. Topology MCQs.
4. Local area network (LAN), Metropolitan-area network (MAN), Wide area network (WAN) MCQs.
5. Internet service providers (ISPs) MCQs.

Practice now to sharpen your concept.

1 . The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels.

A. Protocol
B. Medium
C. Signal
D. All the above
View Answer

2 . The information to be communicated in a data communications system is the _______.

A. Medium
B. Protocol
C. Message
D. Transmission
View Answer

3 . Frequency of failure and network recovery time after a failure are measures of the _______ of a network.
A. Performance
B. Reliability
C. Security
D. Feasibility
View Answer
4 . An unauthorized user is a network _______ issue.
A. Performance
B. Reliability
C. Security
D. All the above
View Answer

5 . Which topology requires a central controller or hub?

A. Mesh
B. Star
C. Bus
D. Ring
View Answer

6 . Which topology requires a multipoint connection?

A. Mesh
B. Bus
C. Ring
D. Star
View Answer

7 . Communication between a computer and a keyboard involves ______________ transmission.

A. simplex
B. half-duplex
C. full-duplex
D. automatic
View Answer

8 . A television broadcast is an example of _______ transmission.

A. simplex
B. half-duplex
C. full-duplex
D. automatic
View Answer

9 . _______ connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.

A. point-to-point
B. multipoint
C. primary
D. secondary
View Answer

10 . In a _______ connection, more than two devices can share a single link.
A. point-to-point
B. multipoint
C. primary
D. secondary
 View Answer

Data Communication and Networking Basics MCQ Set – 2

1 . In _______ transmission, the channel capacity is shared by both communicating devices at all times.
A. simplex
B. half-duplex
C. full-duplex
D. half-simplex
View Answer

2 . In the original ARPANET, _______ were directly connected together.

A. IMPs
B. host computers
C. networks
D. routers
View Answer

3 . This was the first network.

A. CSNET
B. NSFNET
C. ANSNET
D. ARPANET
View Answer

4 . Which organization has authority over interstate and international commerce in the communications field?
A. ITU-T
B. IEEE
C. FCC
D. ISOC
View Answer

5 . _______ are special-interest groups that quickly test, evaluate, and standardize new technologies.
A. Forums
B. Regulatory agencies
C. Standards organizations
D. All of the above
View Answer

6 . Which agency developed standards for physical connection interfaces and electronic signaling specifications?
A. EIA
B. ITU-T
C. ANSI
D. ISO
View Answer

7 . ______ is the protocol suite for the current Internet.

A. TCP/IP
 B. NCP
C. UNIX
D. ACM
View Answer

8 . ______ refers to the structure or format of the data, meaning the order in which they are presented.
A. Semantics
B. Syntax
C. Timing
D. All of the above
View Answer

9 . ________ defines how a particular pattern to be interpreted, and what action is to be taken based on that
interpretation.
A. Semantics
B. Syntax
C. Timing
D. None of the above
View Answer

10 . _______ refers to two characteristics: when data should be sent and how fast it can be sent.
A. Semantics
B. Syntax
C. Timing
D. none of the above
View Answer

Data Communication and Networking Basics MCQ Set – 3

1 . Data flow between two devices can occur in a _______ way.

A. simplex
B. half-duplex
C. full-duplex
D. all of the above
View Answer

2 . In a ______ connection, two and only two devices are connected by a dedicated link.
 A. multipoint
B. point-to-point
C. (a) and (b)
D. none of the above
View Answer

3 . In a ________ connection, three or more devices share a link.

A. multipoint
B. point-to-point
C. (a) and (b)
D. none of the above
View Answer

4 . ______ refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a network.

A. Data flow
B. Mode of operation
C. Topology
D. None of the above
View Answer

5 . Devices may be arranged in a _____ topology

A. mesh
B. ring
C. bus
D. all of the above
View Answer

6 . A _______ is a data communication system within a building, plant, or campus, or between nearby buildings.
A. MAN
B. LAN
C. WAN
D. none of the above
View Answer

7 . A ______ is a data communication system spanning states, countries, or the whole world.
 A. MAN
B. LAN
C. WAN
D. none of the above
View Answer

8 . ________ is a collection of many separate networks

A. A WAN
B. An internet
C. a LAN
D. None of the above
View Answer

9 . There are ______________ Internet service providers.

A. local
B. regional
C. national and international
D. all of the above
View Answer

10 . A ________ is a set of rules that governs data communication.

A. forum
B. protocol
C. standard
D. none of the above
View Answer

 Data communication and networking basic mcq based questions and answers pdf

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Data Communication and Networking – Network Model MCQ Set – behrouz forouzan

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Data Communication and Networking – Network Model MCQ Set – behrouz
forouzan A+ A  A-

This section focused on Data Communication and Networking – Network Model MCQ (multiple choice) type
Questions and Answers .

All the Multiple Choice Question and Answer (MCQs) have been compiled from the books of Data Communication
and Networking by The well known author behrouz forouzan.

This Section covers below lists of topics.

1. Networking protocols MCQs.
2. Network Models MCQs.
3. Application layer MCQs.
4. Transport layer MCQs.
5. Physical layer MCQs.
6. Data link layer MCQs.
7. Network layer MCQs.

Practice now to sharpen your concept.

1 . The Internet model consists of _______ layers.

A. Three
B. Five
C. Seven
D. Eight
View Answer

2 . The process-to-process delivery of the entire message is the responsibility of the _______ layer.
A. Network
B. Transport
C. Application
D. Physical
View Answer

3 . The _______ layer is the layer closest to the transmission medium.

A. Physical
B. Data link
C. Network
 D. Transport
View Answer

4 . Mail services are available to network users through the _______ layer.
A. Data link
B. Physical
C. Transport
D. Application
View Answer

5 . As the data packet moves from the upper to the lower layers, headers are _______.
A. Added
B. Removed
C. Rearranged
D. Modified
View Answer

6 . The _______ layer lies between the network layer and the application layer.
A. Physical
B. Data link
C. Transport
D. None of the above
View Answer

7 . Layer 2 lies between the physical layer and the _______ layer.
A. Network
B. Data link
C. Transport
D. None of the above
View Answer

8 . When data are transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 4 is read by B's _______ layer.
A. Physical
B. Transport
C. Application
D. None of the above
View Answer

9 . The _______ layer changes bits into electromagnetic signals.

A. Physical
B. Data link
C. Transport
D. None of the above
View Answer

10 . Which of the following is an application layer service?

A. Remote log-in
B. File transfer and access
 C. Mail service
D. All the above
View Answer

Network Model Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQ) Set-2

1 . Why was the OSI model developed?
A. Manufacturers disliked the TCP/IP protocol suite
B. The rate of data transfer was increasing exponentially
C. Standards were needed to allow any two systems to communicate
D. None of the above
View Answer

2 . The _______ model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized.
A. CCITT
B. OSI
C. ISO
D. ANSI
View Answer

3 . The physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the physical medium.
A. programs
B. dialogs
C. protocols
D. bits
View Answer

4 . The OSI model consists of _______ layers.

A. three
B. five
C. seven
D. eight
View Answer

5 . In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are _______.
A. added
B. removed
C. rearranged
D. modified
View Answer

6 . In the OSI model, when data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's
_______ layer.
A. physical
B. transport
C. session
D. presentation
View Answer

7 . In the OSI model, what is the main function of the transport layer?
 A. node-to-node delivery
B. process-to-process message delivery
C. synchronization
D. updating and maintenance of routing tables
View Answer

8 . In the OSI model, encryption and decryption are functions of the ________ layer.
A. transport
B. session
C. presentation
D. application
View Answer

9 . When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B, which address does the router look at?
A. port
B. logical
C. physical
D. none of the above
View Answer

10 . To deliver a message to the correct application program running on a host, the _______ address must be
consulted.
A. port
B. IP
C. physical
D. none of the above
View Answer

Network Model Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQ) Set-3

1 . IPv6 has _______ -bit addresses.
A. 32
B. 64
C. 128
D. variable
View Answer
2 . ICMPv6 includes _______
A. IGMP
B. ARP
C. RARP
D. a and b
View Answer

3 . The ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.
A. physical
B. data link
C. transport
D. none of the above
View Answer

4 . The ______ layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of
the sender and receiver.
A. physical
B. data link
C. network
D. none of the above
View Answer

5 . The_________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.
A. physical
B. transport
C. network
D. none of the above
View Answer

6 . The Internetworking Protocol (IP) is a ________ protocol

A. reliable
B. connection-oriented
C. both a and b
D. none of the above
View Answer
7 . ______ is a process-to-process protocol that adds only port addresses, checksum error control, and length
information to the data from the upper layer.
A. TCP
B. UDP
C. IP
D. none of the above
View Answer

8 . _________ provides full transport layer services to applications.

A. TCP
B. UDP
C. ARP
D. none of the above
View Answer

9 . The ________ address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN
A. port
B. physical
C. logical
D. none of the above
View Answer

10 . Ethernet uses a ______ physical address that is imprinted on the network interface card (NIC)
A. 32-bit
B. 64-bit
C. 6-byte
D. none of the above
View Answer

Network Model Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQ) Set-4

1 . A port address in TCP/IP is ______ bits long.
A. 32
B. 48
C. 16
D. none of the above
View Answer

2 . The ____ created a model called the Open Systems Interconnection, which allows diverse systems to
communicate.
A. OSI
B. ISO
C. IEEE
D. none of the above
View Answer

3 . The seven-layer _____ model provides guidelines for the development of universally compatible networking
protocols.
A. OSI
 B. ISO
C. IEEE
D. none of the above
View Answer

4 . The physical, data link, and network layers are the ______ support layers.
A. user
B. network
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)
View Answer

5 . The session, presentation, and application layers are the ____ support layers.
A. user
B. network
C. both (a) and (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)
View Answer

6 . The _______ layer links the network support layers and the user support layers.
A. transport
B. network
C. data link
D. session
View Answer

7 . The _______ layer coordinates the functions required to transmit a bit stream over a physical medium.
A. transport
B. network
C. data link
D. physical
View Answer

8 . The _______ layer is responsible for delivering data units from one station to the next without errors.
A. transport
 B. network
C. data link
D. physical
View Answer

9 . The ______ layer is responsible for the source-to-destination delivery of a packet across multiple network links.
A. transport
B. network
C. data link
D. physical
View Answer

10 . The ________ layer is responsible for the process-to-process delivery of the entire message.
A. transport
B. network
C. data link
D. physical
View Answer

Network Model Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQ) Set-5

1 . The ______ layer establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interactions between communicating devices.
A. transport
B. network
C. session
D. physical
View Answer

2 . The _______ layer ensures interoperability between communicating devices through transformation of data into
a mutually agreed upon format.
A. transport
B. network
C. data link
D. presentation
View Answer

3 . The _________ layer enables the users to access the network

 A. transport
B. application
C. data link
D. physical
View Answer

4 . TCP/IP is a ______ hierarchical protocol suite developed ____ the OSI model.
A. seven-layer; before
B. five-layer; before
C. six-layer; before
D. five-layer; after
View Answer

5 . The TCP/IP _______ layer is equivalent to the combined session, presentation, and application layers of the OSI
model
A. application
B. network
C. data link
D. physical
View Answer

6 . The ________ address, also known as the link address, is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN
A. physical
B. IP
C. port
D. specific
View Answer

7 . The ____ address uniquely defines a host on the Internet

A. physical
B. IP
C. port
D. specific
View Answer
 8 . The_____ address identifies a process on a host
A. physical
B. IP
C. port
D. specific
View Answer

 Network Model Multiple Choice Questions And Answers pdf file

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Data Communication and Networking Basic MCQ Set – behrouz forouzan

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Data and Signals MCQ – Data Communication and Networking

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Overview

Data Communication and Networking Basic Set – behrouz forouzan

Data Communication and Networking – Network Model Set – behrouz forouzan

 Physical Layer and Media MCQs

Data and Signals – Data Communication and Networking

Digital Transmission – Data Communication and Networking

Analog Transmission – Data Communication and Networking

Bandwidth Utilization Multiplexing and Spreading – Data Communication and Networking

Transmission Media – Data Communication and Networking

Switching Network – Data Communication and Networking

Data and Signals MCQ – Data Communication and Networking A+ A  A-

In this section of Data Communication and Networking – Data and Signals MCQ (multiple choice) Based Short
Questions and Answers ,it cover the below lists of topic, All the Multiple Choice Question and Answer (MCQs) have
been compiled from the books of Data Communication and Networking by The well known author behrouz A
forouzan.
1. Data and signal MCQs.
2. Amplitude, frequency, and phase MCQs.
3. Time-domain graph plots MCQs.
4. Frequency-domain graph plots MCQs.
5. Spectrum ,bandwidth of a signa MCQs.
6. Bit rate (number of bits per second) and bit interval (duration of 1 bit) MCQs.
7. Nyquist formula MCQs.
8. Shannon capacity MCQs.
9. Attenuation, distortion, and noise MCQs.
10. Throughput, propagation speed, and propagation time ,wavelength of a frequency MCQs.

Practice it now to sharpen your concept.

1 . Before data can be transmitted, they must be transformed to ________.

A. periodic signals
B. electromagnetic signals
C. aperiodic signals
D. low-frequency sine waves
View Answer

2 . A periodic signal completes one cycle in 0.001 s. What is the frequency?

A. 1 Hz
B. 100 Hz
C. 1 KHz
D. 1 MHz
View Answer

3 . In a frequency-domain plot, the horizontal axis measures the ________.

A. peak amplitude
B. frequency
C. phase
D. slope
 View Answer

4 . In a time-domain plot, the horizontal axis is a measure of ________.

A. signal amplitude
B. frequency
C. phase
D. time
View Answer

5 . If the bandwidth of a signal is 5 KHz and the lowest frequency is 52 KHz, what is the highest frequency?
A. 5 KHz
B. 10 KHz
C. 47 KHz
D. 57 KHz
View Answer

6 . What is the bandwidth of a signal that ranges from 1 MHz to 4 MHz?

A. 4 MHz
B. 1 KHz
C. 3 MHz
D. none of the above
View Answer

7 . As frequency increases, the period ________.

A. decreases
B. increases
C. remains the same
D. doubles
View Answer

8 . Given two sine waves A and B, if the frequency of A is twice that of B, then the period of B is ________ that of A.
A. one-half
B. twice
C. the same as
D. indeterminate from
View Answer

9 . A sine wave is ________.

A. periodic and continuous
B. aperiodic and continuous
C. periodic and discrete
D. aperiodic and discrete
View Answer

10 . If the maximum amplitude of a sine wave is 2 V, the minimum amplitude is ________ V.

A. 2
B. 1
C. -2
 D. between -2 and 2
View Answer

Data and Signals Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQ) Set-2
1 . A signal is measured at two different points. The power is P1 at the first point and P2 at the second point. The dB
is 0. This means ________.
A. P2 is zero
B. P2 equals P1
C. P2 is much larger than P1
D. P2 is much smaller than P1
View Answer

2 . ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses strength due to the resistance of the
transmission medium.
A. Attenuation
B. Distortion
C. Noise
D. Decibel
View Answer

3 . ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which the signal loses strength due to the different propagation
speeds of each frequency that makes up the signal.
A. Attenuation
B. Distortion
C. Noise
D. Decibel
View Answer

4 . ________ is a type of transmission impairment in which an outside source such as crosstalk corrupts a signal.
A. Attenuation
B. Distortion
C. Noise
D. Decibel
View Answer

5 . When propagation speed is multiplied by propagation time, we get the ________.

A. throughput
B. wavelength of the signal
C. distortion factor
D. distance a signal or bit has traveled
View Answer

6 . Data can be ________.

A. analog
B. digital
C. (a) or (b)
D. none of the above
View Answer
7 . _______ data are continuous and take continuous values.
A. analog
B. digital
C. (a) or (b)
D. none of the above
View Answer

8 . _______ data have discrete states and take discrete values.

A. Analog
B. Digital
C. (a) or (b)
D. None of the above
View Answer

9 . Signals can be ________

A. analog
B. digital
C. either (a) or (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)
View Answer

10 . _____ signals can have an infinite number of values in a range.

A. Analog
B. Digital
C. (a) or (b)
D. None of the above
View Answer

Data and Signals Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQ) Set-3
1 . _______ signals can have only a limited number of values.
A. Analog
B. Digital
C. (a) or (b)
D. None of the above
View Answer

2 . Frequency and period are ______

 A. inverse of each other
B. proportional to each other
C. the same
D. none of the above
View Answer

3 . _______is the rate of change with respect to time.

A. Amplitude
B. Time
C. Frequency
D. Voltage
View Answer

4 . _______ describes the position of the waveform relative to time 0.

A. Frequency
B. Phase
C. Amplitude
D. Voltage
View Answer

5 . A sine wave in the ______ domain can be represented by one single spike in the _____ domain.
A. time; frequency
B. frequency; time
C. time; phase
D. phase; time
View Answer

6 . A _________ sine wave is not useful in data communications; we need to send a _______ signal.
A. composite; single-frequency
B. single-frequency; composite
C. single-frequency; double-frequency
D. none of the above
View Answer
 7 . The _____ of a composite signal is the difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies contained in
that signal
A. frequency
B. period
C. bandwidth
D. amplitude
View Answer

8 . A(n)_________ signal is a composite analog signal with an infinite bandwidth.

A. digital
B. analog
C. either (a) or (b)
D. neither (a) nor (b)
View Answer

9 . Baseband transmission of a digital signal is possible only if we have a ____ channel

A. low-pass
B. bandpass
C. low rate
D. high rate
View Answer

10 . If the available channel is a ____ channel, we cannot send a digital signal directly to the channel
A. low-pass
B. bandpass
C. low rate
D. high rate
View Answer

 Data and Signals Multiple Choice Questions and Answers pdf file

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Data Communication and Networking – Network Model MCQ Set – behrouz forouzan

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Digital Transmission MCQ – Data Communication and Networking
Transmission Media MCQ – Data Communication and Networking A+ A  A-

In this section of Data Communication and Networking – Transmission Media MCQ (multiple choice) Based Short
Questions and Answers ,it cover the below lists of topic, All the Multiple Choice Question and Answer (MCQs) have
been compiled from the books of Data Communication and Networking by The well known author behrouz forouzan.
1. Transmission media MCQs.
2. Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable MCQs.
3. Multimode step-index propagation MCQs.
4. Multimode graded-index propagation MCQs.
5. Unguided media – ground propagation, sky propagation, and line-of-sight propagation MCQs.
6. Radio waves, Microwaves, or Infrared waves MCQs

Practice now to sharpen your concept.

1 . Transmission media are usually categorized as _______.

A. fixed or unfixed
B. guided or unguided
C. determinate or indeterminate
D. metallic or nonmetallic
View Answer

2 . Transmission media lie below the _______ layer.

A. physical
B. network
C. transport
D. application
View Answer

3 . ______ cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting outer sheath.
A. Twisted-pair
B. Coaxial
C. Fiber-optic
D. Shielded twisted-pair
View Answer

4 . In fiber optics, the signal is _______ waves.

A. light
B. radio
 C. infrared
D. very low-frequency
View Answer

5 . Which of the following primarily uses guided media?

A. cellular telephone system
B. local telephone system
C. satellite communications
D. radio broadcasting
View Answer

6 . Which of the following is not a guided medium?

A. twisted-pair cable
B. coaxial cable
C. fiber-optic cable
D. atmosphere
View Answer

7 . What is the major factor that makes coaxial cable less susceptible to noise than twisted-pair cable?
A. inner conductor
B. diameter of cable
C. outer conductor
D. insulating material
View Answer

8 . In an optical fiber, the inner core is _______ the cladding.

A. denser than
B. less dense than
C. the same density as
D. another name for
View Answer

9 . The inner core of an optical fiber is _______ in composition.

A. glass or plastic
B. copper
C. bimetallic
D. liquid
View Answer

10 . When a beam of light travels through media of two different densities, if the angle of incidence is greater than the
critical angle, _______ occurs.
A. reflection
B. refraction
C. incidence
D. criticism
View Answer

Transmission Media multiple choice questions and answers MCQ Set-2

1 . When the angle of incidence is _______ the critical angle, the light beam bends along the interface.
A. more than
B. less than
C. equal to
D. none of the above
View Answer

2 . Signals with a frequency below 2 MHz use _______ propagation.

A. ground
B. sky
C. line-of-sight
D. none of the above
View Answer

3 . Signals with a frequency between 2 MHz and 30 MHz use ______ propagation
A. ground
B. sky
C. line-of-sight
D. none of the above
View Answer

4 . Signals with a frequency above 30 MHz use _______propagation

A. ground
B. sky
C. line-of-sight
D. none of the above
View Answer

5 . A parabolic dish antenna is a(n) _______ antenna.

A. omnidirectional
B. bidirectional
C. unidirectional
D. horn
View Answer

6 . A(n) _____ medium provides a physical conduit from one device to another.
A. guided
B. unguided
C. either (a) or (b)
D. none of the above
View Answer

7 . ________ cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together.

A. Coaxial
B. Fiber-optic
C. Twisted-pair
D. none of the above
 View Answer

8 . _______ cable is used for voice and data communications.

A. Coaxial
B. Fiber-optic
C. Twisted-pair
D. none of the above
View Answer

9 . _________ consists of a central conductor and a shield.

A. Coaxial
B. Fiber-optic
C. Twisted-pair
D. none of the above
View Answer

10 . _____ cable can carry signals of higher frequency ranges than _____ cable.
A. Twisted-pair; fiber-optic
B. Coaxial; fiber-optic
C. Coaxial; twisted-pair
D. none of the above
View Answer

Transmission Media multiple choice questions and answers MCQ Set-3

1 . ______ cables are composed of a glass or plastic inner core surrounded by cladding, all encased in an outside
jacket.
A. Coaxial
B. Fiber-optic
C. Twisted-pair
D. none of the above
View Answer

2 . ______ cables carry data signals in the form of light.

A. Coaxial
B. Fiber-optic
C. Twisted-pair
 D. none of the above
View Answer

3 . In a fiber-optic cable, the signal is propagated along the inner core by _______
A. reflection
B. refraction
C. modulation
D. none of the above
View Answer

4 . _________ media transport electromagnetic waves without the use of a physical conductor
A. Guided
B. Unguided
C. Either (a) or (b)
D. None of the above
View Answer

5 . Radio waves are _________

A. omnidirectional
B. unidirectional
C. bidirectional
D. none of the above
View Answer

6 . Microwaves are _________

A. omnidirectional
B. unidirectional
C. bidirectional
D. none of the above
View Answer

7 . _______ are used for cellular phone, satellite, and wireless LAN communications.
A. Radio waves
B. Microwaves
C. Infrared waves
 D. none of the above
View Answer

8 . ________ are used for short-range communications such as those between a PC and a peripheral device.
A. Radio waves
B. Microwaves
C. Infrared waves
D. none of the above
View Answer

 Download Transmission Media Multiple Choice Questions and Answers pdf file

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Bandwidth Utilization Multiplexing and Spreading MCQ – Data Communication and Networking

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Switching Network MCQ – Data Communication and Networking

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Overview

Data Communication and Networking Basic Set – behrouz forouzan

Data Communication and Networking – Network Model Set – behrouz forouzan

 Physical Layer and Media MCQs

Data and Signals – Data Communication and Networking

Digital Transmission – Data Communication and Networking

Analog Transmission – Data Communication and Networking

Bandwidth Utilization Multiplexing and Spreading – Data Communication and Networking

Transmission Media – Data Communication and Networking