16 TENSES

1. Simple present tenses

Simple present tense is a form of verb to state facts, habits, or events that occur at this
time.

Formula Simple Present Tense Example

She likes eating

kalimat positif (+): out

S + verb-1/be (am/is/are) The children are

naughty.

kalimat negatif (-): She doesn’t like

eating out
 S + auxiliary (do/does) + not + bare infinitive
The children
 S + be (am/is/are) + not aren’t naughty

kalimat interogatif (?): Does she like

eating out
 do/does + S + bare infinitive
Are the children
 be (am/is/are) + S naughty

2. Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense is a form of tense that is used to declare an

action is on going for a certain time at the present time (now)

Rumus Present Continuous

Bentuk Contoh Kalimat
Tense

Positif Subjek + be (am/is/are) + verb (- She is sleeping right now

(+) ing) + … We are studying today

She is not sleeping right

Negatif Subjek +be (am/is/are) + not + now
(-) verb (-ing) + …
We are not studying today
Interrogatif Be (am/is/are) + subjek + verb (- Is she sleeping right now?
(?) ing) + …? Are we studying today?

3. Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense is a form of verb that is used to express an action or situation that
began in the past and continues today

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + has/have + Verb3

a. I have finished my homework.
Positif + Complement
b. She has finished her homework.

Subject + has/have + not +

a. I have not finished my homework.
Negatif Verb3 + Complement
b. She has not finished her homework.

Has/have + Subject + a. Have I finished my homework?

Interogatif
Verb3 + Complement? b. Has she finished her homework?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Present perfect continuous tense is a form of verb used to express an action that was
completed at a point in the past or an action that has begun in the past and continues
today.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

a. You have been working here since

Subject + has/have + been
2015.
Positif + Verb-ing + Complement
b. She has been speaking for the last 3
hours.

Subject + has/have + not + a. You have not been working here since
been + Verb-ing + 2015.
Negatif Complement
b. She has not been speaking for the last
3 hours.
 a. Have you been working here since
Has/have + Subject + been 2015?
Interogatif
+ Verb-ing + Complement? b. Has she been speaking for the last 3
hours?

5. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is a simple form of verb to show that an event happened in the past

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + Verb2 + a. I worked hard for that company.

Complement
b. He worked hard for that company.
Positif Atau
c. You were beautiful.
Subject + was/were +
Complement d. She was beautiful.

Subject + did not + Verb1 + a. I did not work hard for that company.
Complement
b. He did not work hard for that company.
Negatif Atau
c. You were not beautiful.
Subject + was/were + not +
Complement d. She was not beautiful.

Did + Subject + Verb1 + a. Did I work hard for that company?

Complement?
b. Did he work hard for that company?
Interogatif Atau
c. Were you beautiful?
Was/were + Subject +
Complement? d. Was she beautiful?

6. Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense is a form of tense that is used to express that an action is taking place
for a certain amount of time in the past.

resent participle (-ing) pada kata kerja utama.

Bentuk Rumus Past Continuous Tense Contoh Kalimat

She was waiting for you yesterday

Positif
Subjek + be (was/were) + verb (-ing) + … They were discussing my birthday
(+)
party

She was not waiting for you

Negatif Subjek +be (was/were) + not + verb (- yesterday
(-) ing) + … They were not discussing my birthday
party

Was she waiting for you yesterday?

Interrogatif Be (was/were) + subjek + verb (-ing) +
(?) …? Were they discussing my birthday
party?

7. Past Perfect Tense

The past perfect tense is a verb tense used to express actions that occurred in the past that
finished before another action in the past started.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + had + Verb3 +

Complement I had finished my homework before I met up
Positif
with my friends yesterday.

Subject + had + not +

Verb3 + Complement I had not finished my homework before I
Negatif
met up with my friends yesterday.

Had + Subject + Verb3 + Had I finished my homework before I met up

Interogatif
Complement? with my friends yesterday?
8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense is a form of verb that is used to express an action (with a
certain duration of time) that has been completed at a certain point in the past.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + had + been + Verb-

Positif ing + Complement You had been crying for an hour.

Subject + had + not + been +

Negatif Verb-ing + Complement You had not been crying for an hour.

Had + Subject + been + Verb-

Interogatif Had you been crying for an hour?
ing + Complement?

9. Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense is a form of verb that is used to declare that an action occurs in the
future

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will/be going to + a. I will work hard for this company.

Positif
Verb1 + Complement b. I am going to work hard for this company.

Subject + will not / be not a. I will not work hard for this company.
Negatif going to + Verb1 +
Complement b. I am not going to work hard for this company.

Will + Subject + Verb1 +

Complement?
a. Will I work hard for this company?
Subject Atau
b. Am I going to work hard for this company?
Be + Subject + going to +
Verb1 + Complement?
10. Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense or future progressive tense is a form of verb used to express an
action that will be happening at a certain time in the future

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will / be going to+

be + Verb-ing + a. I will be studying English.
Positif Complement
b. You are going be studying English.

Subject + will not / be not

a. I will not be studying English.
going to + be + Verb-ing +
Negatif Complement b. You are not going to be studying
English.

Am/are/is + Subject + Verb- a. Will I be studying English?

Interogatif
ing + Complement? b. Are you going to be studying English?

11. Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense refers to events that have been completed in the future. When we use
this tense, we imagine ourselves in the future and talk about events or actions that will be
completed in the time after now. This tense is often used with time expressions.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will have + Verb3

Positif + Complement I will have finished my homework.

Subject + will not have +

Negatif Verb3 + Complement I will not have finished my homework.
 Will + Subject + have Verb3
Interogatif Will I have finished my homework?
+ Complement?

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

future perfect continuous tenses are used to show actions that will continue to occur in the
future. This tense emphasizes results.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + will + have +

been + Verb-ing + In 2020, she will have been working here for 2
Positif Complement years.

Subject + will + not + have

+ been + Verb-ing + In 2020, she will not have been working here for 2
Negatif Complement years.

Will + Subject + have +

In 2020, will she have been working here for 2
Interogatif been + Verb-ing +
years?
Complement?

13. Past Future Tense

these tenses can be used to declare an event or action to be taken (voluntary or planned),
make predictions or predictions, and make future promises when they are in the past

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should +
Positif I would come to your party if you invited me.
Verb1 + Complement

Subject + would/should I would not come to your party if you did not
Negatif
not + Verb1 + Complement invite me.

Would/should + Subject + Would I come to your party if you invited

Subject
Verb1 + Complement? me?
14. Past Future Continuous Tense

past future continuous tenses are used to indicate an action that will be done in the past
and will last until a certain time in the past. This tense emphasizes the duration of the
action.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should +
I would be studying if you did not disturb me
Positif be + Verb-ing +
yesterday.
Complement

Subject + would/should
I would not be studying if you did not
Negatif not + be + Verb-ing +
disturb me yesterday.
Complement

Would/should + Subject +
Would I be studying if you did not disturb
Subject be + Verb-ing +
me yesterday?
Complement?

15. Past Future Perfect Tense

This type of English tense can be used to indicate an action that is expected to have been
completed sometime in the past.

In addition, this type of tense is also used to talk about something that is not possible.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should
I would have bought a new car if I had
Positif + have + Verb3 +
enough money.
Complement

Subject + would/should
I would not have bought a new car if I had
Negatif not + have + Verb3 +
enough money.
Complement

Would/should + Subject + Would I have bought a new car if I had

Subject
be + Verb3 + Complement? enough money?
16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

past future perfect continuous tense explains events that "if" it has, is, and at the same time
will occur if conditions that never existed are met.

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tenses are suppositions or assumptions, referring to the
actors in the sentence just assumed the sentence stated by it.

Continuous Tense is used when it comes to proving something that will happen and
continues to happen for some time in the past.

Fungsi Rumus Contoh

Subject + would/should She would have been waiting for me for 3

Positif + have + been + Verb-ing + hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00
Complement PM.

Subject + would/should She would not have been waiting for me for
Negatif not + have + been + Verb- 3 hours yesterday but she had gone at 9.00
ing + Complement PM.

Would/should + Subject +
Would she have been waiting for me for 3
Subject have + been + Verb-ing +
hours yesterday?
Complement?