SEMESTER 2 Chapter 1
Planning and Cabling a Network
V 4.0
1.1.1 What are the common components
between a router and other
computers?
1.1.1.2 What does a router connect?
What does a router do with each
packet it receives?
What are the 2 types of connections
to a router interface?
1.1.1.3 What are the two primary functions of
a router?
What address does the router use to
compare to the routing table?
What two processes are used by a
router to learn about remote networks
and build their routing tables?
1.1.2 What are the five components
common to all routers?
1.1.2.2 List the 5 different components stored
in RAM.
What happens to the information in
RAM if the router looses power?
What are the permanent storage
areas in a router?
What 3 things are stored in ROM?
What is stored in flash?
What happens to flash memory when
the power is lost?
What is stored in NVRAM?
What must you do to save changes
you have made to a router?
1.1.3 What is the most common method
used for configuring a router?
What is the first thing that happens as
the router boots up?
1.1.4 What are the 4 phases of the boot up
process?
What does POST test?
What is the main function of the
bootstrap program?
What are the 2 main places to find the
IOS?
If a full IOS can not be loaded what
does the bootstrap loader do?
Where is the startup configuration
found?
What are the main items stored in the
configuration file?
CPU, RAM, ROM, Operating System
Connects multiple networks
The router forwards the packet to either the destination of
the packet, or another network that will lead it to its
destination
LANs and WANs
Determine the best path to send packets and forwarding
the packets toward their destination.
The destination IP address
Static routes and dynamic routing protocols
RAM, ROM, Power supply, Fan, and AIM
Operating System, Running Config File, IP routing table,
APR Cache, and Packet Buffer
The content is lost
ROM, flash, and NVRAM
Bootstrap instructions, Basic diag software and scaled-
down version of IOS
Permanent storage for Cisco IOS
Nothing
All configuring changes such as startup config file and
running config file changes.
Save the contents to the NVRAM before powering off
CLI interface
Startup-config file is copied into the RAM and stored as
the running-config file.
Performing the POST
Loading bootstrap program
Locating and loading Cisco IOS software
Locating and loading the startup config file or entering
setup mode
Router hardware
Locate the Cisco IOS and load it to RAM
Flash memory or on a TFTP server
Load a scaled down version of IOS to diagnose issues to
be able to load a complete version of IOS into RAM
In the NVRAM
Interface addresses, routing information, passwords, any
other configurations saved by the net admin.
 Where is the second place that the TFTP server
router looks for the startup config if it
is not located in NVRAM?
If the router can not locate a startup- Setup mode
config, what mode does it enter?
What key command do you press to Ctrl-C
exit setup mode if you accidentally
entered it?
1.1.4.2 What command can be used to help Show version
verify and troubleshoot some of the
basic hardware and software
components of the router?
What is the last line displayed in the Current configured value of the software configuration
show version output? register in hexadecimal
What is the default configuration 0x2102
register setting?
What does that setting tell the router? He router will attempt to load a Cisco IOS software image
from the flash memory and load the startup config file from
NV RAM
1.1.5 What are the two management ports? Console port and Auxiliary port
What is an interface? Physical connector on the router whose main purpose is to
receive and forward packets
1.1.5.2 What must be configured for each IP address and subnet mask of a different network
interface?
What are the two major groups of LAN and Wan
router interfaces?
1.1.6 What OSI layer does a router operate Network Layer
at?
1.1.6.2 What is the router interface that Ethernet
connects to a LAN called?
What is the process that each router Decapsulation, searching routing table, then re-
uses to determine where to send the encapsulation
packet?
1.2.1 What are the four essential Device names, interfaces used in the design, IP
information elements to include in the addresses and subnet masks, and Default gateway
topology diagram? addresses for end devices such as PCs
1.2.2 What are the basic tasks to perform Name router, set passwords, config interfaces, config
when configuring a router? banner, save changes, verify basic config and router
operations
What is the prompt for the user Router>
mode?
What is the command to enter the enable
privileged EXEC mode?
What is the prompt for privileged Router#
EXEC mode?
What is the command to enter the Config t
global configuration mode?
What is the command to enter the Hostname *(insert name here)*
hostname of a router?
What happens to the prompt after you (inserted name here)#(config)
press enter?
What is the command used to enter Enable secret class
the password to enter the privileged
EXEC mode?
List the commands to set the Line con 0
password for the console port? Password ciscoline
Login
Exit
 List the commands to set the Line vty 0. 4
password for the Telnet lines? Password ciscovty
Login
exit
List the commands to enter the Banner motd #(insert text here) #
Banner Message of the Day (motd).
What should the banner show? Warn against unauthorized access
1.2.2.2 What is the command to enter the Interface (line name)
interface configuration mode?
What is the command to set the IP IP addr (address) (subnet mask)
address and subnet mask for an
interface?
What is the command to enter a Description (information)
description for the interface?
What is the command to turn on an No shutdown
interface?
1.2.2.3 What is the command to view the Show running-config
running-configuration file?
What is the command to save the Copy running-config startup-config
current config in NVRAM?
What command will display the Show IP route
routing table?
What command displays all of the Show interfaces
interface configuration parameters
and statistics?
What command displays abbreviated Show ip interface brief
interface configuration information,
including IP address and interface
status?
1.3.1 Where is the routing table stored? Data file in RAM
What is a directly connected network? Network directly attached to one of the router interfaces
What is a remote network? Network not directly connected to the router
What would a C in the first column of Directly connected route
a routing table mean?
What additional information is Routing metric and administrative distance
included when the destination is a
remote network?
What command reveals the Show ip route
configured or acquired default
gateway, connected, loopback,
multicast, and broadcast networks?
1.3.2.1 How does a PC determine which Its host IP address and subnet mask
network it belongs to?
What command will activate a router No shutdown
interface?
What routes does a router know Directly connected networks
before any static or dynamic routing is
configured?
1.3.3 What denotes a static route in the Code S
routing table?
What are the three items that must be Ip address, subnet mask, next hop
included in a static route?
When should static routes be used? A network only has a few routers, connected to the
internet through a single ISP or is configured in a hub-and-
spoke topology
1.3.4 What are dynamic routing protocols Share information about reachability and status of remote
used for? networks
What are 2 of the activities that Network discovery, and updating and maintaining routing
dynamic routing protocols perform? tables
 What is network discovery?
What are some dynamic routing
protocols?
1.3.5 What are the three routing principles?
What is asymmetric routing?
1.4.2 What does a router compare to select
the best path to place in the routing
table?
What is a metric?
What is the best path?
The number of routers that a packet
must travel through before reaching
its destination is called?
The data capacity of a link,
sometimes referred to as the speed of
the link?
1.4.3 What is it called when two paths to a
destination have exactly the same
metric?
What is equal cost load balancing?
1.4.4 What are the two functions of packet
forwarding?
1.4.5 What is the process used by a router
to accept a packet on one interface
and forward it out another interface
called?
What are the three major steps a
router performs on a packet?
What happens to the value of the TTL
as a packet moves through a
network?
Which address does not change as
the packet moves through the
network?
Which address changes as the packet
moves through the network?
1.4.5.2 How does a PC determine which
network it belongs to?
How does it determine if the
destination is on the same network?
Ability of a routing protocol to share info about networks it
knows with other routers that are using the same routing
protocol
RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF, IS_IS, and BGP
Every router makes its decision alone
The fact that one router has certain info in its routing table
does not mean that other routers have the same info
Routing info about a path from one network to another
does not provide routing info about the reverse or return
path
Packets traverse the network in one direction and return
via another path
Hop count and Bandwidth
Quantitative value used to measure the distance to a
given route
Path with the lowest metric
Hop count
Bandwidth
Equal cost load balancing
When a routing table has 2 or more paths with the same
metric to the same destination network.
Path determination and switching function
Packet switching
Decapsulates the Layer 3 packet by removing the Layer 2
frame header and trailer.
Examines the destination IP address of the IP packet to
find the best path in the routing table.
Encapsulates Layer 3 packet into a new Layer 2 frame
and forwards the frame out the exit interface
It decrements the TTL by one
Layer 3 IP address
Layer 2 data link address
By performing an AND operation on its own IP address
and subnet mask which results in its network address.
The AND operation will result the same network
 Where does the PC send the packet if Forward the packet back to the router
the destination is not on its own
network?
Where does the PC look for the Checks its ARP table for the mac address of the default
default gateway MAC address? gateway
What does the PC do if the MAC Sends an ARP request to the router
address is not in the ARP table?
1.5.2-4 Excellent description of how a packet
travels from one pc to another. Make
certain you understand the steps.
Note any questions you have about
the process.