Ralph Lauren A. Rodriguez Nov.

14,2019
20151104471 Engr.Solas
NCE 525 – 1CE Assignment # 1

1. Define Geosynthetics

Geosynthetic is defined as a planar product manufactured from a polymeric

material that is used with soil, rock, or other geotechnical-related material as an
integral part of a civil engineering project, structure, or system.

2. Types of Geosynthetics

a.) Geotextiles
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with
soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.

b.) Geogrids
A geogrid is geosynthetic material used to reinforce soils and similar
materials. Geogrids are commonly used to reinforce retaining walls, as well
as subbases or subsoils below roads or structures. Soils pull apart under
tension. Compared to soil, geogrids are strong in tension. This fact allows
them to transfer forces to a larger area of soil than would otherwise be the
case.

c.) Geonets/Geospacers
A geonet is a geosynthetic material similar in structure to a geogrid,
consisting of integrally connected parallel sets of ribs overlying similar sets at
various angles for in-plane drainage of liquids or gases. Geonets are often
laminated with geotextiles on one or both surfaces and are then referred to as
drainage geocomposites. They are competitive with other drainage
geocomposites having different core configurations

d.) Geomembranes
A geomembrane is very low permeability synthetic membrane liner or
barrier used with any geotechnical engineering related material so as to
control fluid (or gas) migration in a human-made project, structure, or system.

e.) Geosynthetic clay liner

Geosynthetic Clay Liners (GCLs) are geotextile and bentonite
composites (typically sodium bentonite sandwiched between two layers of
geotextile) engineered for a variety of environmental containment
applications.
f.) Geofoams
Geofoam is expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded polystyrene
(XPS) manufactured into large lightweight blocks. The blocks vary in size but
are often 2 m × 0.75 m × 0.75 m (6.6 ft × 2.5 ft × 2.5 ft).

g.) Geocells
Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are
widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground
and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load
support and earth retention.

h.) Geocomposites
Geocomposite is combination of various Geosynthetics materials like
Geotextile, Geonet, Geo-membrane, Geogrid bounded in such a way that
specific applications are addressed in the optimal manner, mini-mum lost,
less time and minimum labour force and are waving basic functions
separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage and containment.
3. Functions of Geosynthetics
 Soil reinforcement structure.
 Basal reinforcement to support the soil reinforcement structure.
 Separation between the in-situ soil and the imported soil to avoid mixing
and reducing mechanical performance.
 Filtration behind all hydraulic structures.
 Drainage control at the top 8 m to collect any seepage water coming from
the other side of the embankment to avoid contamination on the structural
fill.
 Erosion control blanket to protect the slope at the top and avoid erosion.

4. Applications of Geosynthetics
 In Roads and Pavements:
- Subgrade separation and stabilization
- Base reinforcement
- Overlay stress absorption and reinforcement
 In Subsurface Drainage:
- Subgrade dewatering
- Road base drainage
- Structure drainage
 In Erosion and Sediment Control:
- Hard armor systems, silt fence
 In Reinforced Soil Systems:
- Embankments over soft foundations
- Reinforced steepened slopes
- Reinforced soil walls
 In Seepage Control Systems