Study Package: Topic: Complex Number

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STUDY PACKAGE
Subject : Mathematics
Topic : COMPLEX NUMBER
Available Online : www.MathsBySuhag.com
Index
1. Theory
2. Short Revision
3. Exercise (Ex. 1 + 5 = 6)
4. Assertion & Reason
5. Que. from Compt. Exams
6. 39 Yrs. Que. from IIT-JEE(Advanced)
7. 15 Yrs. Que. from AIEEE (JEE Main)
Student’s Name :______________________
Class :______________________
Roll No. :______________________
Address : Plot No. 27, III- Floor, Near Patidar Studio,

Above Bond Classes, Zone-2, M.P. NAGAR, Bhopal
: 0 903 903 7779, 98930 58881, WhatsApp 9009 260 559
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z=
FREE Download Study Package from website:
Sir), Bhopal
2 i
–1 17 2
Ans. – tan 8
,
11 5
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Example: z 2 = 1 then find the maximum and minimum value of |z|
z
Self Practice Problem 2
Solution. z 2
=1 |z| z 2
|z|+ 2
z z 2 z
Let | z | = r 2 2
r 1 r+
r r
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2
r+ r 1 + ..............(i)
r R
2 2
and r 1 –1 r – 1
r r
r (1, 2) ..............(ii)
from (i) and (ii) r (1, 2)
Ans. r (1, 2)
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1. a
|z – 3| < 1 and |z – 4i| > M then find the positive real value of M for which these exist at least one
complex number z satisfy both the equation.
Ans. M (0, 6)
6. Agrument of a Complex Number :
Argument of a non-zero complex number P(z) is denoted and defined by arg(z) = angle which OP
makes with the positive direction of real axis.
If OP = |z| = r and arg(z) = , then obviously z = r(cos + isin ), called the polar form of z. In what
follows, 'argument of z' would mean principal argument of z(i.e. argument lying in (– , ] unless the
context requires otherwise. Thus argument of a complex number z = a + ib = r(cos + isin ) is the value
of satisfying rcos = a and rsin = b.
–1 b
Thus the argument of z = , – , – + , – , = tan , according as z = a + ib lies in , ,
website:
th
or V quadrant.
Properties of arguments
(i) arg(z1z2) = arg(z1) + arg(z2) + 2m for some integer m.
(ii) arg(z1/z2) = arg (z1) – arg(z2) + 2m for some integer m.
2
Study Package from
(iii) arg (z ) = 2arg(z) + 2m for some integer m.

(iv) arg(z) = 0 z is real, for any complex number z 0
(v) arg(z) = ± /2 z is purely imaginary, for any complex number z 0
(vi) arg(z2 – z1) = angle of the line segment
P Q || PQ, where P lies on real axis, with the real axis.
Example: Solve for z, which satisfy Arg (z – 3 – 2i) = and Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = 2 .
6 3
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Solution From the figure, it is clear that there is no z, which satisfy both ray
Example:
Sketch the region given by
(i) Arg (z – 1 – i) /3
(ii) |z| = 5 & Arg (z – i – 1) > /3
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NOTE : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined using theory of equations.
1 0 . Cube Root Of Unity :

1 i
(i) The cube roots of unity are 1, 1 i 3 , 3 .
(ii) 2 r 2r
2
If is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 + + ² = 0. In general 1 + + = 0;
where r I but is not the multiple of 3.
(iii) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
cos 0 + i sin 0; cos 2 + i sin 2 , cos 4 + i sin 4
(iv) 3 3 3 3
The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties of an
equilateral triangle.
(v) The following factorisation should be remembered :
(a, b, c R & is the cube root of unity) 2 2
x + x + 1 = (x) (x ) ;
3 3 ;
a b = (a b) (ab) (a²b)
3 3 2 2 2 2
a + b = (a + b) (a + b) (a + b) ; a + ab + b = (a – bw) (a – bw )
&
3 3 3
a +b +c 3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)
192 194
Example: Find the value of +
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Solution.
r 2r
1. Find (1 )
192 + 194 =–
2
=1+
Example: Ans. –
2
If 1, , are cube roots of unity prove
(i) (1– + 2)(1+ – 2)=4
(ii) (1– + 2)5+(1+ – 2)5=32
(iii) (1– )(1– 2)(1– 4)(1– 8) =9
Solution. (iv) (1 – + 2) (1 – 2 + 4) (1 – 4
+ 8) .......... to 2n factors = 22n
(i) (1– + 2)(1+ – 2)
=(–2 )(–2 2)
=4
Self Practice Problem
10
Ans. r0
fromwebsite:
12
th
11 . n Roots of Unity :
th
If 1, 1, 2, 3..... n 1 are the n, n root of unity then :
Study Package
(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio e

i(2 /n) &
(ii) p p p p
1 + 1 + 2 +.... + n 1 = 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
= n if p is an integral multiple of n
(iii) (11) (1 2)...... (1 n 1) = n
&
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(1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n 1) = 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.

z=ze 6
(iv) 1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.
1. 1. 2. 3......... n
6
Example: Find the roots of the equation z + 64 = 0 where real part is positive.
6
Solution. z = – 64 x z
z6 = z6 . e+ i(2n + 1)
i(2n 1)
FREE
i i i i5 i 7 i3 i 11
6 2 2 6 6 2 2
z=2e ,2e ,ze ,ze =e ,ze ,ze
i i 11
6 6
roots with +ve real part are = e +e
i
2e 6 Ans.
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Self Practice Problem

1. Find the real part of cos (1 + i)
Ans. 1 e
2
2ei
1 4 . Geometrical Properties :
Distance formula :
If z1 and z2 are affixies of the two points P and Q respectively then distance between P + Q is given
by |z1 – z2|.
Section formula
If z1 and z2 are affixes of the two points P and Q respectively and point C devides the line joining P and
Q internally in the ratio m : n then affix z of C is given by
z = mz2 nz1
m n
&
If C devides PQ in the ratio m : n externally then

z = mz2 nz1
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(iv)
Circumcentre of the ABC = :
m n
(b) If a, b, c are three real numbers such that az 1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ; where a + b + c = 0 and a,b,c
are not all simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z 1, z2 & z3 are collinear.
(1) If the vertices A, B, C of a represent the complex nos. z 1, z2, z3 respectively and
a, b, c are the length of sides then,
(i) Centroid of the ABC = z1 z 2 z 3 :
(ii) 3
Orthocentre of the ABC =
asec A z1 b sec B z2 csecC z3 or
z1tan A z2 tanB z3 tan C
asecA bsec B csecC tanA tanB tanC
(iii) Incentre of the ABC = (az1 + bz2 + cz3) (a + b + c).
website:
(Z1 sin 2A + Z 2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C) (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).
(2) amp(z) = is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at an angle to the x axis.
(3) z a = z b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.
(4) The equation of a line joining z1 & z2 is given by, z = z1 + t (z1 z2) where t is a real parameter.
(5)
from
z = z1 (1 + it) where t is a real parameter is a line through the point z1 & perpendicular to the
line joining z1 to the origin.
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(6) The equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form as
z 1
z
1
z1 1 = 0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers to be collinear. The above
z
1
z2 z 2
z r = 0 where r is real and is a non zero
equation on manipulating, takes the form z
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complex constant.
NOTE : If we replace z by ze and z by ze–i then we get equation of a straight line which. Passes through the
i
foot of the perpendicular from origin to given straight line and makes an angle with the given straightl
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line. Circle will be real ifk 0..

(7)
The equation of circle having centre z0 & radius is :
z z0 = or z z z0 z z 0 z +z 0 z0 ² = 0 which is of the form
z z
z z + k = 0, k is real. Centre is& radius = k.
FREE
(8) z z1 2
The equation of the circle described on the line segment joining z 1 & z2 as diameter is
arg z z2 = ± or (z z ) ( z z ) + (z z ) ( z z )=0.
1 2 2 1
(9) Condition for four given points z1, z2, z3 & z4 to be concyclic is the number
z
z3 z1 . 4 z2 should be real. Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear
z3 z2 z4 z1
S
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a
g
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o
m
1
5.
(a)
Ref
lect
ion
poi
nts
for
a
str
aig
ht
line
:
Two given
points P & Q
are the
reflection
points for a
given
straight line
if the given
line is the
right
bisector of
the segment
PQ. Note
that the two
points
denoted by
the complex
n
u
m
b
e
r
s
z
1
&
z
2
w
i
l
l
b
e
t
h
e
r
e
(b) Trignometric / Polar Representation : z
z
www.M aths By Su ha g.co m
2
z
2
z = r (cos + i sin ) where | z | = r ; arg z = ; = r (cos i sin )

Note: cos + i sin is also written as CiS .
eix e ix eix e ix
Also cos x = 2 & sin x = 2 are known as Euler's identities.
(c)
Exponential Representation : z
i ;|z|=r ; arg z = ;
z = re = re i
6. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE / MODULI /AMPLITUDE :
If z , z1 , z2 C then ;
(a) z + z = 2 Re (z) ; z z = 2 i Im (z) ; (z) = z ; z1 z2 = z 1 + z 2 ;
z z = z z ; z z =z . z = ; z 0
z
z1 1
&
(b) 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
2
| z | 0 ; | z | Re (z) ; | z | Im (z) ; | z | = | z | = | – z | ; z z = | z | ;
z = |z |
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zz =z|.z ; n n
1 1 ,z 0, |z |=|z| ;
1 2 1 2 z 2
2 | z2 |
2 2 2 | z 2 |2 ]
|z+z| +|z–z| = 2 [| z |
1 2 1 2 1
(c) z1z2z1 + z2z1 + z2 [ TRIANGLE INEQUALITY ]
(i) amp (z1 . z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 + 2 k . k I
(ii) amp z1 = amp z amp z + 2 k ; k I
1 2
(iii) z2 n
amp(z ) = n amp(z) + 2k .
where proper value of k must be chosen so that RHS lies in ( , ].
(7) VECTORIAL REPRESENTATION OFACOMPLEX :
website:
(i) Every complex number can be considered as if it is the position vector of that point. If the point P
If OP = z = r ei then OQ = z = r ei ( + ) = z . ei . If OP and OQ are
represents the complex number z then, OP = z & OP = z

NOTE :
mfro
(ii) of unequal magnitude then OQ OP ei

If A, B, C & D are four points representing the complex numbers
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(iii) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle where z 0 is its circumcentre then
z1 , z 2 , z 3 & z4 then z4 z3
AB CD if z 4 z 3 is purely real ; AB CD if is purely imaginary ]
z z
z z
2 2 1
1
(a) z 2 + z 2 + z 2 z z z z z z (b) z 2 + z 2+ z 2 = 3 z 2
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of (cos + i sin ) n ¥ n Q. The theorem is very useful in determining the roots of any complex
=0
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 3 0
8. DEMOIVRE’S THEOREM : Statement : cos n + i sin n is the value or one of the values
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quantity Note : Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined
1 + w r + w 2r = 0 ; where r I but is not the multiple of 3.
using theory of equations.

9. CUBE ROOT OF UNITY :(i) The cube roots of unity are 1 , 1 i 3 , 1 i 3 .
(ii) If w is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 2 2
FREE
1 + w + w² = 0. In general
(iii) cos 0 + i sin 0 ; cos 3 + i sin 3 , cos 3 + i sin 3
In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
2 2 4 4
(iv) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand plane constitute the verties of an equilateral triangle.
(v) The following factorisation should be remembered :
(a, b, c R & is the cube root of unity)

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Address : Plot No. 27, III- Floor, Near Patidar Studio,

(iii) arg (z ) = 2arg(z) + 2m for some integer m.

1 0 . Cube Root Of Unity :

(i) They are in G.P. with common ratio e

(1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n 1) = 0 if n is even and 1 if n is odd.

Self Practice Problem

If C devides PQ in the ratio m : n externally then

(Z1 sin 2A + Z 2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C) (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).

line. Circle will be real ifk 0..

z = r (cos + i sin ) where | z | = r ; arg z = ; = r (cos i sin )

represents the complex number z then, OP = z & OP = z

(ii) of unequal magnitude then OQ OP ei

using theory of equations.

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