Republic of the Philippines

SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

Tandag City, Surigao del Sur

GRADUATE SCHOOL

Name of Student: BEATRIZ A. TORIO

Subject: EDM 306 (Educational Leadership and Decision Making)
Professor: Ramel Dedumo Tomaquin, DPA, PhD, VPAA/Professor VI

Curriculum
1st Reporter: Beatriz A. Torio

Synthesis:

Curriculum refers to the lessons and academic content taught in a school or in

a specific course or program. It also refers to the knowledge and skills students are
expected to learn, which includes the learning standards and learning objectives they
are expected to meet; the units and lessons that teachers teach; the assignments
and projects given to students; the books, materials, videos, presentations, and
readings used in a course; and the tests, assessments and other methods used to
evaluate student learning.

The design and goals of any curriculum reflect local realities and is based on
a socially accepted educational philosophy. Curricula are often formulated on the
national or district level because curriculum development should consider existing
community values and expectations.

Schools may also try to improve teaching quality and effectiveness by

requiring, or simply encouraging teachers to use either a standardized curriculum or
common processes for developing curriculum. Some schools contextualized
curriculum with the aim of increasing teaching quality and improving school
performance.

In contextualizing curriculum, schools must consider the needs of the society,

the learners specifically and the subject itself. They should consider what will the
students learn to help them function better in society and what acceptable social
values can be taught through the topics chosen. They must also put into
consideration the adequate number of trained teachers to teach the subjects to the
students, the laboratory equipment for the topics and the availability of instructional
materials on the topics included.

On the other hand, school heads play a vital role in implementing curriculum
effectively. They act as curriculum leaders who help enable school community
achieve their goals at the same time help provide quality education to the learners.

School heads are responsible in making sure that the school has a curriculum
and that it is implemented effectively and efficiently. As a curriculum leader, he or
she needs to know how curriculum design reforms instructional design. He or she
must regularly evaluate, enrich, monitor and assist in curriculum implementation.

School heads are expected to participate not only in the process of curriculum
implementation but also in its development.