Philippine Politics and Governance

1.1 THE MEANING OF POLITICS.

ACTIVITY 1: SEMANTIC WEB MAP

Ask the students to give words associated to the word “ Politics”.

POLITICS

DEFINITIONS OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

Various definitions of Political Science given by the ancient, Medieval and modern
political scientists of this subject are as follows

1] Origin :- The term `politics‟, is derived from the Greek word `Polis‟, which means
the city state According to Greek Philosophers, Politics was a subject which dealt with
all the activities and affairs of the city state. Their City States were known as `Polis‟.
City state was an all-inclusive term, as the ancient Greeks made no distinction between
the state and the Government on one hand, and State and Society on the other. They
never differentiated between personal life and social life. Hence according to them
Politics was a total study of man, society, state, morality and so on.

THE MEANING OF POLITICS

• Politics is the study of (who gets what, when and how) as Harold Laswell states.

• Politics is the exercise of power, the science of government, the making of collective
decisions, the allocation of scarce resources and the practice of deception and
manipulation.

CHARACTERISTICS OF POLITICS ( Shieveley, 2013)

1. Politics always involves the making of collective decisions for group of people.

2. Those decisions are made by some members of the group, exercising power over
other members of the group

ACTIVITY 2: Politikanta
The class is divided into four groups. Each group shall think of a line from a Tagalog
song depicting political statement. A representative would present and explain to the
class what is political about the song’s lyrics that they have chosen.

Write your answer on the box.

Title Song: ____________________________________________________________

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THE CONNECTION BETWEEN POLITICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE.
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ACTIVITY 1: 4 Pics 1 Word

Four pictures will be shown to students at a time. The students shall find the connection
of the pictures. A word that connects the pictures will be guessed by the students.
POLITICS
 the actual process of how humans interact in groups
 constitute man’s activities in the real world
 the practices of elective and non-elective political systems
 the process by which people try to influence the government
 the process by which the government decides which policies will be enacted
 the practice of state and government - issues, problems, and activities taking
place in society
 day-to-day actual activities of the government
 relative (varying)
 everyone is involved

POLITICAL SCIENCE
 the scientific study of politics
 study of politics, political systems, and governments
 focuses on the theory and practice of government
 theory of state and government
 seeks to study the origin, nature and functions of the state, government and its all
organs
 universal studied by few
Political science is a discipline that deals with the composition and function of the
country’s government. The term political science is often contrasted
with politics which is concerned with the activities of country’s governance, with the
aim of achieving and using power or authority.

COMPARISON CHART

BASIS FOR
POLITICAL SCIENCE POLITICS
COMPARISON

Meaning Political Science refers to the Politics implies an activity

branch of knowledge that related to state and power.
studies all the aspects of state
and power.

What is it? It is a part of social science. It is a social activity.

Deals with Both empirical facts and Problems of the citizens by

normative issues. interacting them politically.

Actors Political scientist, scholars and Politicians, lobbyist and

academics. administrators.

Objective To understand different political To initiate public welfare and

patterns and to provide such a improve their conditions by
framework which expresses implementing constructive
BASIS FOR
POLITICAL SCIENCE POLITICS
COMPARISON

reality. policies.

ACTIVITY 3: May Konek

Ask: “Explain the connection or relation of politics and Political Science.”

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TEST: (True of False)
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1. Politics is the actual process of how humans interact in groups.

2. Political Science is the process by which people try to influence their government.

3. Political science seeks to study the origin, nature and functions of the State,
Government and its all organs.

4. Politics is universal and is always the same.

5. Politics involve issues, problems, and activities taking place in the society.

1.1 THE VALUE OF POLITICS

ACTIVITY: A WORLD WITHOUT POLITICS:

The student will engage themselves with an analysis of different scenario in different
type of organization where in the student can see the value of politics.

1. Barangay

2. Classroom

3. Family

4. Work Colleagues
5. Peer (Barkadahan)

VALUES OF POLITICS
1. Politics helps you to know your rights

2. Politics clarifies what you yourself believe.

3 .Politics is a living, breathing subject.

4. Politics helps you to understand our nation’s parties.

5. Politics prepares you for adult life.

ACTIVITY: Slogan Making

Create a SLOGAN that will established how the good politics can be applied in our daily
life. SLOGAN shall be displayed in the classroom for at least 2 weeks.

The activity will be scored with the following rubrics:

RUBRICS for the SLOGAN

10 pts - Relevance to the Topic

5 pts – Creativity

5 pts – Neatness

20 pts TOTAL

1.1 THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNMENT

The concept of governance which is defined as the process of decision-making
and the process by which decisions are implemented. While government is defined as
the group of people with the authority to govern a country or state; a particular ministry
in office. (Oxford Dictionary)

Characteristics of good governance: ( UNESCO for Asia and the Pacific)

1. Participation
2. Rule of Law

3. Transparency

4. Responsiveness

5.Consensus Oriented

6. Effectiveness and efficiency

7. Accountability

ACTIVITY:
The teacher will facilitate a SYMPOSIUM where each group will have to discuss the
government assigned to them ( MARCOS, C. AQUINO, ,RAMOS, MACAPAGAL-
ARROYO , B. AQUINO & DUTERTE) and the kind of governance it practiced in the
Philippines.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. Is there a governance structure in place?

2. If so, what it is? Does it work? How does it work? How it can be improved?

3. If not, what do you think might be needed

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND GOVERNANCE

Government vs. Governance

Government and governance are two very similar words. People often get confused
about the differences between “governance” and “government.” Here we are going to
discuss the differences between these two related words.

Government
Government is a group of people who rule or run the administration of a country. In
other words, it may be said that a government is the body of representatives that
governs and controls the state at a given time. Government is the medium through
which the power of the state is employed.

Governance
Governance is the act of governing or ruling. It is the set of rules and laws framed by the
government that are to be implemented through the representatives of the state. Simply
put, governance is what governments do.

GOVERNMENT is merely an instrument for the purpose of governance while

GOVERNANCE is the exercise of political, economic, and administrative authority to
manage a nation’s affairs.. Governance embraces all of the methods--- good and bad ---
-- the societies use to distribute power and manage public resources and problems.
 TEST:
In a ½ cross-wise paper, the students will have to illustrate a VENN DIAGRAM of
government and governance.

1.1 DEFINE IDEOLOGY AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

ACTIVITY: “5 Minute Review”

Engage students as partners to discuss and review material.

Procedure:

1. Pick a partner. One person is partner A and the other is partner B.

2. Partner A reviews information with partner B for one minute. Partner A must talk for
the entire one minute. After one minute, partner B reviews information with Partner A for
one minute without stopping.

3. Partners continue to switch jobs two more times, now for 30 seconds each.

4. Partners now switch two more times for 15 seconds each to sum up the lessons.

GROUP ACTIVITY: “Kwentongbahay”

Ask the students: How do your parents manage your household? What are the things
you wish to change the way your household is managed? Select a volunteer to share
their collaborated efforts.

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1.1 THE IDEOLOGY

a: a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture

b: a manner or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture

c: the integrated assertions, theories and aims that constitute a socio-political program

d: is a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for organized political
action, whether this is intended to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of
power.

Political Ideologies

• is a set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held by an individual, group
of individuals or a particular social class

• political ideologies form the basis of how they view the world around them and the
proper role of government in the world.

• (a)offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form of a ‘world-view’, (b)
advance a model of a desired future, a vision of the ‘good society’, and (c) explain how
political change can and should be brought about- how to get from A to B. (Heywood
2003, 12)

Ideologies are the sets of basic beliefs about the political, economic, social and
cultural affairs held by the majority of people within as society.

absolutism. System where the rulers have unlimited control.

anarchism. Society without government, laws, police or other authority. System of self-
control.

aristocracy. The privilege of social class whose members possess disproportionately

large percentage of society's wealth, prestige and political influence.

autocracy. Supreme political power is in the hands of one person whose decision are
unregulated..

capitalism. Right-wing political system where the principle means of production and
distribution are in private hands.

communism. Extreme left-wing ideology based on the revolutionary socialist teachings

of Marx. Collective ownership and a planned economy. Each should work to their
capability and receive according to their needs.

conservatism. Governmental system where the existing institution are maintained,

emphasizing free-enterprise and minimal governmental intervention.

democracy. Government by the people usually through elected representatives.

dictatorship. Government by a single person with absolute control over the resources
of the state.
egalitaranism. Belief where all citizens have equal rights and privileges.

fascism. Extreme right-wing ideology where the existing social order is protected by
the forcible suppression of the working class.

imperialism. The extension of power and rule beyond established geographical

boundaries.

liberalism. Representative government, free-speech, abolition of class privilege and

state protection of the individual.

Marxism. Developed by Marx and Engles, it proposes that all is subject to change and
resistance to change necessitates the overthrow of the system through class struggle.

Maoism. Interpretation of Marxist communism emphasizing the development of

agriculture.

Monarchy. A form of rule in which the head of state is a King or Queen.

nationalism. The unification of the state and release from foreign rule.

oligarchy. A system of government in which virtually all power is held a small number
of wealthy people who shape policy to benefit themselves.

populism. Collective noun for the ideologies which demand the redistribution of political
power and economic leadership to the 'common people'.

socialism. Left-wing political system where the principle means of production,

distribution and exchange are in common ownership.

theocracy. Rule by the church.

totalitarianism. Government control of all activities.

Trotskyism. Form of Marxism incorporating the concept of permanent revolution.

THE LEFT

liberty. The freedom of speech and the right to dissent.

equality. A classless society with the redistribution of wealth through a welfare state.

fraternity. The communal brotherhood, working and living as one.

THE RIGHT

authority. The preservation of order through an evolved authority.

hierarchy. The continuation of the existing social order.

property. The right to private ownership.

CHARACTERISTICS OF IDEOLOGIES.
• Ideologies provide an explanation for problems that confronts modern societies by
providing futuristic visions.

• Ideology is action-oriented.

• Ideologies mobilize a large number of people

CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEOLOGY
 Original French term meaning 'science of ideas'
 Ideology is never created in a vacuum. Every ideology is a reaction to some
existing ideology. An ideology tries to interpret the reality in a new way.
 An ideology provides a window to see the world.
 Ideology inspires and motivates people.
 Ideology provides a justification for an act.
 Every ideology has its own Christ and the Bible.
 An Ideology is averse to change.
 Ideology is stated in different forms - Complicated and Simplified - There are
books and treatises explaining the theory, there are slogans and symbols.
Examples of ideologies - Socialism, Communism, Fascism, Liberalism, Nationalism,
Gandhism.

ACTIVITY: “One-sentence summary”

Summarize the definition of ideology and political ideologies by doing “one- sentence
summary”. Students are asked to write a single summary sentence that answers “( what
and why ” questions about the topic.

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TEST:
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Fill in the blanks:
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1. ______________ is a political philosophy that tends to support the status quo and
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advocates change only in moderation.

2. ______________ is an economic, social, and political system seeking government

ownership of the means production and services directed by a process of scientific
administration and universal assent.

3. ___________ is derived from the italian word fasces which means a bundle of rods
with an axe blade protruding that signified the authority of magistrates in imperial Rome.

4. _____________ is derived from the latin word femina meaning women or female.

5. _____________ is an economic and political doctrine advocating governmental

ownership and direction of production and services.
1.1 IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND ITS
FUNCTION

ACTIVITY:ACROSTIC
Let the students give characteristics of ideology based from the letters of the word

I-

D-

E-

O-

L-

O-

G-

Y-

Guide Questions:

What is ideology?

What are the different types of ideologies?

DIFFERENTIATE THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES

ACTIVITY: PICK-TELL:
Jumbled pictures will be available at the teacher’s table and each group will select a
representative to pick one and give them time to collaborate their ideas in relation to
ideologies and political ideologies.

Example:

1. Anarchism

2. Fascism

3. Socialism

4. Liberalism

5. Conservatism

ACTIVITY: JUMBLE WORDS

Rearrange the words to find the correct answers to the questions below:

LIERALISMB

FMEMINIS
MMUCONISM

CISOALISM

ENNTVIROANMELISM

ACTIVITY: THREE-TWO-ONE (3-2-1)

Writing Activity where students write: 3 key terms from what they have just learned, 2
ideas they would like to learn more about, and 1 concept or skill they think they have
mastered.

Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

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ACTIVITY: “COMPARE AND CONTRAST”
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Have students describe different political ideologies. Compare and generate list of
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similarities. Contrast the objects and generate a list of differences. Determine significant
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likenesses and differences of political ideologies.

Political Ideologies Similarities Differences

 TEST:
Write a short biography to share with the class that addresses this guiding question:

1. Why is this individual a great leader?

2. How is his/her political belief linked to the Philippine politics?

Rodrigo Duterte -

Benigno Aquino III –

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo-

Examine the relationship between political ideologies and

configurations of political communities
Political ideologies directly affect the culture of the political communities in an
adverse way.Political doctrines form the blue print and doctrines of what should happen
and the way of life of a political community.

There are different political ideology examples depending on the

communities.Political ideologies help to expound on power and what level each type of
power should be used.

Some political community examples use one political ideology while others do
not have any specific ideology that they use hence they use a variety of political
ideologies

There are different types of political communities. The first one is the literal
community and the other one is the special interest group. The special intrest group
ensures is mainly composed of professionals.Unlike other communities the political
community is bound to the government and the government relates to each other.Within
the political community, there are diversifications. Different people want different things
from the government hence the political communities structure is different. The needs of
lawyers are not the same with the needs of farmers and their culture is also not the
same in the society.

ACTIVITY : Brainstorming Session on the following:

Ask: Why is it important to examine and study the relationship between political
ideologies and configurations of political communities?. Process the answers of the
students.

Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

Name: ____________________________________________________________

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 ACTIVITY: Crossword puzzle
A group of three the students will create their own crossword puzzle with the
corresponding definition below. Then, they will answer the work of the other group.

List of words that should be in the puzzle:

1. Political Ideologies

2. Anarchism

3. Absolutism

4. Liberalism

5. Conservatism

6. Socialism

TEST
ESSAY QUESTION:

1. Choose one political group in the country and discuss how their ideology influences
their actions or advocacies.

Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

Name: ____________________________________________________________

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ACTIVITY: Reflection Paper
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My Understanding of what Political ideologies and configurations of political
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communities
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Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

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 ACTIVITY
1. Interview a government official (barangay/municipality/ city official and ask
him/her about her advocacies. From the responses, the students will determine
the ideology that the official adheres to
2. Write your answer on the box.

Open Notes

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CRITIQUE IDEAS THAT HAVE A DIRECT IMPACT ON HOW WE TRY TO MANAGE
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OURSELVES AS A POLITICAL COMMUNITY
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How we try to manage ourselves as a political community

Changes in the environment: in society, the economy, politics and technology mean that
we will be faced with unexpected or unwelcome ambiguity and complexity in the
workplace where we may believe that outcomes are out of our immediate control.

Equally, changes in the nature of work and in organisational structures have had a
major impact on working roles and relationships. All these factors can lead to increased
stress levels, lower tolerance of differences and conflicts between individuals,
colleagues, teams or managers and subordinates.

To begin to engage in a powerful, rather than powerless, way is to develop the ability to
manage yourself. This means managing both your emotions as well as the practical
situations you experience.

At the heart of Daniel Goleman's EQ model is self-awareness and self-management.

Therefore, a good self-leadership skill to acquire is to manage ourselves. Those that
master this will have the opportunity to become the leaders of tomorrow and it is one
way of creating a more meaningful and positive work experience today for yourself and
others.

Managing yourself means learning how to work with others in a productive and
profitable way. We cannot control the behaviour of others but we can control our own.

ACTIVITY: PICTURE PUZZLE AND JUMBLED WORD

 Volunteer students will be asked to form the pictures out of the pieces and must match
it with a set of jumbled words that they have to form. (example: election, rallies, law
enforcement, political assemblies and meetings, peace talks, political organizations).

Ask: “What is common about these pictures? Can you give other political activities that
people usually take part into?

ANALYSE HOW POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES IMPACT ON THE SOCIAL

AND POLITICAL LIFE OF FILIPINO
Philippines profile - Timeline

1542 - Spanish expedition claims the islands and names them the Philippines after the
heir to the Spanish throne.

US troops in the Spanish-American War, which ended over 350 years of Spanish rule in
the Philippines

1896 - Civil and armed campaign for independence from Spanish rule begins.

1898 - Revolutionary forces under Emilio Aguinaldo proclaim independence.

1898 December - During brief Spanish-American War, US Navy destroys Spanish fleet
in Manila Bay. Spain cedes Philippines to US, which proclaims military rule.

1899 - Revolutionaries refuse to recognise US takeover, proclaim First Philippine

Republic with General Aguinaldo as president, launch armed struggle against US forces
known as Philippine-American War.

1901 - Emilio Aguinaldo captured.

1902 - Philippine-American War formally ends as US civil government replaces military

rule. Some independence forces fight on until defeat of Moro resistance in south in
1913.

Mount Mayon

Mount Mayon volcano, with its near-perfect cone, is active

Living in the shadow of a volcano

1907 - Elected Philippine assembly inaugurated under US rule. 1916 - US government

promises Philippines greater autonomy, leading to independence.
1935 - A plebiscite approves establishment of Commonwealth of Philippines. Manuel
Quezon is its first president. Philippines promised full independence within 10 years.

Invasion and occupation

1941 - Japan seizes Philippines.

1944 - US forces retake islands.

1946 - Islands granted full independence and renamed Republic of the Philippines.

1947 - The US is awarded military bases on the islands.

1951 - Peace treaty signed with Japan. The Philippines eventually receive $800m in
reparations payments.

1965 - Ferdinand Marcos becomes president.

Ex-president Ferdinand Marcos

Marcos amassed an estimated $10bn fortune

Born in 1917

Became president in 1965

Fled the country in 1986

Died in Hawaii in 1989

Manila awarded Marcos millions

1986: Filipino coup leaders tell Marcos to go

1969 - Marcos re-elected amidst allegations of electoral fraud. Supports US policy in

Vietnam. Muslim separatists in south begin guerrilla war.

Martial law

1972 - Marcos declares martial law. Parliament suspended, opposition politicians

arrested, censorship imposed.

1973 - New constitution gives Marcos absolute powers.

1977 - Opposition leader Benigno Aquino sentenced to death, but Marcos delays
execution.

1980 - Aquino allowed to travel to US for medical treatment.

1981 - Martial law lifted. Marcos wins presidential elections.

1983 - Aquino returns to Philippines, but is shot dead as he leaves plane amid
suspicions of official military involvement.
"People power"

1986 - Presidential elections see Marcos opposed by Aquino's widow Corazon. Marcos
declares himself the winner, but Aquino disputes result. Mass protests, dubbed "people
power", in Manila see military abandon Marcos, who flees to Hawaii. New government
says Marcos looted billions of dollars during his rule.

1989 December - US jets assist Philippine government forces suppress attempted

coup.

Fallen hero

Joseph Estrada: Former film star was ousted in coup

Profile: Joseph Estrada

1990 - Military officials convicted of murder of Benigno Aquino.

1991 - US abandons Clark Air Base after volcanic eruption smothers it with ash.

1992 - Aquino's defence minister Fidel Ramos wins presidency. US closes Subic Bay
Naval Station.

1996 - Peace agreement reached with Muslim separatist group, Moro National
Liberation Front. Another group, Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), fights on.

1998 - Former film star Joseph Estrada elected president.

2000 November - Impeachment proceedings start against President Estrada on

allegations of corruption, betrayal of public trust, and violation of the constitution.

Estrada tried

2001 January - Suspension of impeachment causes mass street protests. Military

withdraws support and President Estrada stands down. Vice-President Gloria Arroyo
sworn in as president.

2001 March - MILF declares ceasefire, says ready to hold talks with government.

2001 April - Joseph Estrada is charged with plundering more than $80m from state
funds while in office. Eventually found guilty and jailed for life. although he wins pardon.

Conflict in the south Philippines

Guide to the Philippines conflict

2002 January - US and Filipino armies hold joint counter-terror exercises take place
near stronghold of Al-Qaeda-linked Abu Sayyaf group.

2002 October - Series of deadly bomb blasts on Manila bus and three locations in
Zamboanga city blamed on Islamist militants.

2003 February - Ceasefire between MILF and government breaks down. Planned talks
called off in May after rebel attack on Mindanao kills 30 people.

2003 July - Government signs another ceasefire with MILF ahead of planned talks in
Malaysia.

Army mutiny in Manila as some 300 soldiers seize shopping centre, but surrender
peacefully following negotiations.

2004 February - Peace talks between government and Maoist rebel New People's Army
start in Norway, but are called off by the rebels in August.

2004 June - Gloria Arroyo wins May's presidential elections.

Arroyo under pressure

2005 January - Heavy fighting between troops and MILF rebels breaks July 2003
ceasefire.

Despite impressive economic growth, millions of Filipinos still live in poverty

2005 April- Breakthrough achieved on contentious issue of ancestral land achieved at

peace talks in Malaysia between government and MILF rebels.

2005 June - Influential Cardinal Jaime Sin, who led the two peaceful revolts that toppled
Presidents Marcos and Estrada, dies aged 76.

2006 February - More than 1,000 people are killed by a mudslide which engulfs a village
on the central island of Leyte.
President Arroyo declares a week-long state of emergency after the army says it has
foiled a planned coup.

Political killings

2007: students in Quezon city stage a mock massacre in protest against political killings

Report implicated military in deaths of hundreds of activists

Philippines army is 'in denial'

2007 January - Death of Abu Sayyaf leader Khaddafy Janjalani in 2006 confirmed.

2007 February - Government report accuses military of being behind the killings of
hundreds of mainly left-wing activists since 2001.

2007 November - Renegade soldiers make failed coup bid at luxury hotel in Manila after
breaking out of court where they were standing trial for failed 2003 mutiny.

Rebel peace accords

2008 July-August - Government negotiators say they have reached an agreement with
MILF rebels on the expansion of a Muslim autonomous region in the south. Deal
collapses after Christian communities raise objections and renewed fighting on the
southern island of Mindanao leaves at least 30 people dead.

2008 December - Norwegian-brokered peace talks with Maoist guerrillas of the New
People's Army (NPA) break down; NPA attacks army patrol on Mindanao.

2009 September - Army announces capture of leading MILF figure Camarudin Hadji Ali.

2009 November - An attack on group of people travelling to file election nomination

papers on Mindanao leaves 57 dead. Victims' relatives blame the rival Ampatuan clan.

2009 December - Peace talks between Manila and MILF resume in Malaysia, after
breaking down 16 months ago.

Mindanao massacre

The 2009 massacre of 57 people on Mindanao shocked the Philippines

The rise of the Ampatuans

Philippine massacre exposes political underworld

2010 February - The army captures Abu Sayyaf leader Mujibar Alih Amon, suspected of
a kidnapping raid on a Malaysian resort in 2000 and the killing of Christian missionaries
in 2001.

Prosecutors charge 196 more people with murder over the Maguindanao massacre in
November, including Andal Ampatuan Snr, a former provincial governor and ally of
President Arroyo.

Benigno Aquino elected

2010 June - Benigno "Noynoy" Aquino becomes president.

2010 September - Andal Ampatuan junior, a member of the powerful Ampatuan clan,
goes on trial on charges of organising the Maguindanao mass killings.

2011 February - Manila and Maoist NPA agree to work towards a peace deal by 2012 at
talks in Oslo, their first negotiations since the previous round broke down in 2004.
Troops arrested prominent NPA member Tirso Alcantara the previous month.

2012 May - Philippines and Chinese naval vessels confront one another off the
Scarborough Shoal reef in the South China Sea. Both countries claim the reef, which
may have significant reserves of oil and gas.

2012 October - The government signs a framework peace plan with the Muslim rebel
Moro Islamic Liberation Front, ending a 40-year conflict that has cost an estimated
120,000 lives.

2012 December - Parliament defies the Catholic Church to vote for state-funded
contraception, approving a bill that has been debated for 13 years.

2013 February - Armed followers of a self-proclaimed sultan invade Sabah state on

Malaysian Borneo, sparking several days of fighting with Malaysian forces. More than
60 people are killed.

2013 May - Major diplomatic row erupts between Taiwan and the Philippines after
Filipino coastguards kill a Taiwanese fisherman in disputed waters.

2013 September - Stand-off between the army and rebel remnants of Moro National
Liberation Front in southern city of Zamboanga prompts 75,000 residents to flee.

2013 November - Typhoon Haiyan sweeps across central areas of the country leaving
devastation and thousands of dead in its wake. A major international aid effort is
organised to help more than four million people affected.

2014 March - The MILF rebel group signs a peace deal with the government that brings
an end to one of Asia's longest and deadliest conflicts.

2014 April - Supreme Court approves a birth control law, which requires government
health centres to distribute free contraceptives. The bill marks a defeat for the Catholic
Church, which campaigned strongly against it.

2015 January - Forty-four police commandos are killed in clashes with Muslim rebels on
the southern island of Mindanao, the largest loss of life for the security forces in recent
memory.

2015 March - Hundreds of Muslim rebels in the southern Philippines register to vote in
2016 elections under peace deal designed to end four decades of conflict.
2016 June - Populist former mayor Rodrigo Duterte elected president, announces hard-
line crackdown on drugs and suggests he might pivot from the US to China.

Government troops fought Islamic State-inspired militants on the island of Mindanao in

2017

2016 June - The so-called Islamic State (IS) group acknowledges its operations in the
Philippines in an official video, having recognised Isnilon Hapilon, an Abu Sayyaf leader,
as "emir" there.

2016 July - Government welcomes the ruling in a case it brought before an international
tribunal which concluded that China's claim to much of the resources in the South China
Sea had no legal basis.

2017 May - Martial law imposed on the island of Mindanao after fighting erupts between
security forces and Islamic State-linked militants of the Maute group and Isnilon
Hapilon.

2017 October - Southern city of Marawai declared liberated from jihadist fighters who
held it for almost five months.

ACTIVITY : PERFORMANCE TASK POSTER MAKING

The students will be grouped according to the ideologies. Their task is to create a poster
in a 1/4 illustration board showing the assigned ideology impacts our present society if
followed. Outputs will be presented and explained right after and will be evaluated by
their peers and teacher with the use of a rubric