ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND

LABELLING
By

Engr. Okon N. Ekpenyong

Deputy Director
Energy Commission of Nigeria
Plot 701C Central Area, P.M.B 358, Area 10, Garki, Abuja
Tel: +234 8032 920 873
E-mail: ekpenyongokon@yahoo.com

Being Paper Presented at a One-Day Workshop on Energy Efficiency and

Labels Held at Sheraton Hotel & Towers, Abuja, 3th August 2010
 Outline
• Introduction
• Energy Efficiency (EE)
• ??????????
• Drivers of EE
• Building an Energy-Efficient Economy
• Environmental and Economic Benefits of EE
• Energy Labeling
• Definition
• Types
• Contents, Structure and Samples
• Benefits
• Hindrances
• Way Forward
• Conclusions
 Introduction
• Current Electricity Demand estimated at over 15,000MW
(Peak), 10,000 MW during off peak.

• Power Generation: 1,500MW – 3,000MW.

• Deficit 8,500-12,000 MW necessitating load shedding

• Interruptions in Gas Supply and Fluctuations in Water

levels, etc…is blamed for this.

• Electricity demand is increasing at about 7% annually.

2–
• Energy efficiency is one of the interventions that could 3
reduce power demand without reducing services. GW

Load Demand
Over 15GW
 Energy Efficiency ?????????
• Energy Efficiency is as old as energy
use itself. Fires were open to sun and
latter improved to enclosed spaces and
then later replaced by ovens, etc.

• Energy Efficiency is reducing energy

requirements per unit of output,
thereby, reducing total costs of
producing the output.

• It is a process that is aimed at:

• Minimizing energy use/costs/ waste
without affecting production & quality
• Minimizing environmental effects.

• Efficiency = Output
Input
 Drivers of Energy Efficiency
• Energy pricing has been the key stimulant of energy efficiency.
• The oil price increases of 1973 – 74 and 1979 – 80 stimulated
interest in energy efficiency and conservation;
• Today, even if energy is cheap, energy efficiency and conservation
is still very important, because of the realization that:
– Most energy resources are depletable and increased energy efficiency
and conservation will elongate its lifespan;
– With economic growth and population increase, we may return to fuel
scarcity/shortage: increased energy efficiency and conservation will
delay and lessen the impact of such scarcity;
– Energy saved = Energy generated; investments in energy
conservation is cheaper than investment in building new power plants;
– There is widespread public concern about environmental impacts of
energy production and use: energy efficiency generally reduces those
impacts;
– Investment in energy efficiency and conservation can be undertaken in
smaller increments than investment in energy supply
Building an Energy-
Energy-Efficient Economy
• Awareness Creation/Sensitization Program
• Energy Efficiency (Energy Savings) Projects
• Education and Training Program: Capacity Building
Program
• Energy Audit Program
• Energy Audit Tool Kits
• Energy Codes and Standards – Energy Labeling
• Research, Development and Demonstration
• Energy Pricing/Efficiency Policy/Demand Side
Management (DSM)
• Energy Efficiency Database
• Energy Efficiency Awards
• Promotion of Energy Services Companies (ESCOs)
• Networking for Improved Energy Efficiency
• Technical Cooperation/International Collaboration
 Environmental and Economic Benefits of EE

kg CO2/year
200

150 kg
150

100 kg
100
70 kg
50
18 kg
0 kg
0
Kerozene Incandescent + Incandescent + Energy Saving + Energy Saving +
Lighting Coal Power Gas Gas Congeration Renewable
Cogeneration
 Environmental and Economic Benefits of EE

ADEME CEE
1200
kWh/an
Energy saved after replacing bulbs
1000
Consumption after replacing bulbs
799

800
Average Savings : 244 kWh / (an.house)
600 383
247
283
400 309

286
250
246 209 197 187
200 196 195 185
164
71
104 53
101 62

0
2 18 10 20 5 16 15 8 14 9 19 4 11 17 6 7 12 27 13 3

Source : SAVE/Ecodrôme 98 Household ID ADEME - Cabinet O. SIDLER

Environmental and Economic Benefits of EE

Energy saved after replacing Fridges & Freezers

2500 Consumption after replacing Fridges & Freezers
1740

2000 Average annual Savings: 723 kWh/an/house

1279

1175

1105

1101

1500
1020

884
775 747
1000 615
558 519
439 411 242 234 213
345 325
500

7 17 10 2 6 18 20 12 16 3 14 15 13 8 9 5 27 4 11
0 Household ID
Source : SAVE/Ecodrôme 98 ADEME - Cabinet O. SIDLER
 Energy Labeling: What Is It?
• Lack of information is generally considered to be one of the
main barriers to improving energy efficiency.
• Energy labeling, which involves providing information to
consumers on the energy efficiency performance of new
appliances, is aimed at addressing this barrier.
• Energy Efficiency labels are informative labels affixed to
manufactured products indicating a product’s energy
performance (usually in terms of energy use, efficiency and/or
cost) to provide consumers with data necessary for making
informed purchases;
• The appliances that are commonly labeled include
:refrigerators, freezers and air conditionals and a range of
other appliances such as electric cookers, boilers, lighting
products and washing machine
• Labelling programmes may differ from one country to the
other, however, they have things in common.
 Types of Labels
Energy labels generally fall into two main types:
Endorsement and Comparative.

• Endorsement labels point out to consumers

that products belong to the “most energy
efficient” class of products or meet a
predetermined standard or eligibility criteria.
This type of label merely informs the
consumer that the products meet certain
required standard. US EPA Energy Star program
• comparison labels - where key information
on energy consumption and/or performance is
shown for comparative purposes. Additional
measures of energy efficiency (eg a star or
efficiency rating) may also be shown. This
type of system works best when it is
mandatory for all products to carry a label (so
that poor performers can be identified and
readily avoided by consumers).

• Examples of this type of label can be found on

appliances in Europe, etc..
 Contents and Structure of Labels
• What determine label’s contents?
– socio-economic, physical and cultural condition of the nation,
– language, and,
– literacy level.
• Guiding Principles in designing labels:
– comparison or endorsement or both?
– format of label - accuracy versus complexity
– emphasize either energy consumption or cost indicators?
– how is appliance performance handled?
– what is the most trusted source of labels - authoritative
– need for verification
– updating of efficiency criteria to account for market changes
– marketing the label - buyer awareness & response
– retailer participation - sales training
– manufacturer versus buyer acceptance of energy labeling.
Contents and Structure of Energy
Labels – Contd..

More
Efficient Energy Efficiency
Less
Scale Efficient
 Benefits
• convey key information on energy consumption
and/or performance of appliances to a consumer
to assist them in a taking purchase decision;
• Long-term savings from avoided electricity
billings;
• Improved competitiveness of local manufactures
– local manufacturers that upgrade the efficiency
of their appliances can compete better with
multi-national companies;
• It encourages standardization and promotes
quality;
• It creates awareness on the benefits of energy
efficiency
• Create job opportunities – label production,
certification, enforcement, fixing, etc..
 Hindrances to the Deployment of EE Appliances
• Poor Quality Assurance: The quality of EE appliances in the open market is very bad,
discouraging patronage;

• Lack of minimum energy performance standards by S. O. N;

• Low level of public awareness on the benefits and huge saving potentials;

• Initial Capital investment is very high, but life-cycle cost is low

• Low energy tariffs especially electricity and poor electricity billing system and payment collection
from the customers particularly residential.

• Inadequate indigenous human capacity in the design and implementation of energy-

efficient systems;

• Low level of capacity for the local manufacturing of energy-efficient appliances, resulting
into limited supply and higher cost;

• Inadequate fiscal and economic incentives to attract local and foreign investment in
energy efficiency;

• Inadequate policy, regulation and institutional framework for the development and
adoption of energy-efficient systems;
 Way Forward
• Intensification of the nationwide sensitization and awareness creation programmes on the benefits of
EEC.

• Creation and enforcement of enabling institutional and legislative framework for implementing EEC
Programmes.

• Intensification of the training of Energy experts (energy auditors, energy managers … ).

• Effective collaboration of all the government agencies that has a stake in EEC.

• Establishment of EEC and Renewable Energy equipment /devices manufacturing plants in the country

• Proper energy tariff , billing and payment collection systems

• Enforcement of prepaid electric power meter on all categories of consumers

• Mandatory energy audit for all larger energy consumers

• Development and enforcement of National Programme for Phase by Phase Implementation of

retrofitting of inefficient appliances

• The ECN through NCEEC in collaboration with relevant agencies (eg. NBTE…) should establish regular
short course programme for energy auditors, energy managers …

• Encourage the setting up of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs)

• Manufacturers Association of Nigeria and similar bodies should led the private sector participation in
EEC penetration in the country

18
 Conclusions

Energy efficiency and conservation is the least
expensive, lowest risk, and most effective means of
reducing energy consumption and over- dependence on
fossil fuels, thereby reduce GHG emissions.

Energy efficiency and conservation strategies

should be entrenched into the nation’s
development plans;

REMEMBER: Energy Saved = Energy Generated

- a renewable energy source that would have been
otherwise wasted.
AND GOD BLESS!