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TEST 5/11/2019, Tuesday, 8pm - 10pm, T&L Lab 1/2 CETaL

SECTION A – 20 Questions - 40 marks

1. The variable in an experiment


• controlled variable- variable that is held constant
• dependent variable – The change that occur because of
independent var
• independent variable- The one thing you change(limit to only one in
an exp)

2. Example of an inference? prediction?


Inference = a statement based on interpretation of the facts
= drawing conclusion from given evidence

• The flower is yellow?


• Tomorrow it will be sunny?
• The ground is wet therefore it must have rained
• If I increase my study time by 10 minutes, then I will make a higher
grade on my science test?

3. Identify the skill that scientists use when they listen/see/touch/ to the
behaviour of whales.

• Interpreting data? = process of collecting data and making sense


of numerical data
• Making observation? = receiving knowledge through our senses,
recording info using scientific tools
• Drawing conclusion? = answering the original research question
• Making a hypothesis? = prediction about the experimental
outcome

Premi (I am not sure of the answers)


4. Most appropriate scientific inquiry question?

• Who made the first airplane? Yes


• How many tigers in Malaysia? No
• How long ago did dinosaurs live on the Earth? No
• Does the amount of salt in water affect the boiling temperature?
Yes

5. CORRECT/INCORRECT statements……
• A single study may have one or many hypotheses. TRUE
• Scientists learn something from both valid and invalid hypotheses.
TRUE
• Scientists may start over with a new hypothesis and conduct a
new experiment. TRUE
• Invalid hypotheses give scientists an opportunity to look at the
initial observation in a new way. TRUE
• Quantitative data is a form of primary data. TRUE
• Qualitative data is not a primary data as it is subjective. FALSE
• Primary data is collected with the research project in mind. TRUE
• Primary data may be gathered from surveys, interviews, or
experiments. TRUE
• Secondary data should be used as reference only. FALSE
• Secondary data may include books, maps and websites. TRUE
• Secondary data should not be used to supplement your primary
data as it was originally collected for other research purposes.
• Secondary data may include censuses, information collected by
government departments and organizational records. TRUE
• divergent type of question stimulates creative thinking. TRUE
• divergent type of question encourages critical thinking. TRUE
• divergent type of question are mostly close-ended questions.
FALSE
Premi (I am not sure of the answers)
• divergent type of question are mostly open-ended questions.
TRUE
• Analyzing data from a well-designed study helps the researcher
answer questions. TRUE
• Keeping well-organized data during the collection process will make
the analysis step easier. TRUE
• With this data, scientists draw conclusions that further the research
and contribute to future studies.

……...Numerous statements in the lecture notes.

6. “What are the challenges in achieving SDG in Malaysia?”


• Convergent? = what is SD?
= what are the elements underpinning the SD goals?
• Factual? = straight forward answer
= obvious facts
• Evaluative? = thoughtful judgement
• Divergent? = creative & critical
= open-ended

7. In SI, if the hypotheses were testable and the experiment provided clear
findings, the scientists can:

• learn from the results of the findings that refuted their hypotheses
• make a statement telling whether or not their hypotheses were correct

8. Which statements distinguish observations VS experiments?


• Observations always give us the variety of data we need TRUE

Premi (I am not sure of the answers)


• Experiments are always easier to perform than observations
FALSE
• Observations are normally passive, experiments are commonly
active TRUE
• Experiment is conducted earlier than observation in scientific
inquiry process FALSE

9. Science seeks to acquire knowledge and understanding of reality through


the formulation, testing, and evaluating ______THEORIES__________.

• Theories?
• Technology?
• scientific method?
• deductive reasoning?

SECTION B - 60 marks
1.
a. Explain SIX (6) basic steps of scientific inquiry.
i. Making observations- 5 senses
ii. Pose a question – factual, divergent, convergent,
evaluative
iii. Creating hypothesis - prediction
iv. Conducting experiment – collecting and analysing
data, testing hypothesis
v. Drawing conclusion- answering for the original
research question
vi. Report- info shared with scientific community & public

Premi (I am not sure of the answers)


b. State FOUR (4) competence aspects in designing formulate
questions/experiments/Analyze data
Question – identify independent variable
- Identify dependent variable
- Formulate prediction
- Justify hypothesis
- Alternative hypothesis
Experiments – vary independent variable
- Measure dependent variable
- Control confounding variable (outside influence
that effects)
- Define test times
- Define replications
Analyse data – describe data
- Interpret data
- Discuss certainty
- Evaluate methods
- Formulate outlook

2. Problem statement situation on renewable energy - Geothermal energy.


• advantages
• problem in utilization of geothermal energy is the
tremendous cost required to drill geothermal well.
• millions of oil wells are abandoned around the world since
they have exceeded their economical lifespan

a. Construct ONE (1) objective of this research.


To identify the problems in utilization of geothermal energy
b. Based on the above problem statement, develop TWO (2)
divergent/convergent questions that can be answered through scientific
investigations.

Premi (I am not sure of the answers)


Divergent = In your opinion, how we can use geothermal energy
effectively and efficiently?
Convergent = What is geothermal energy?
c. Formulate TWO (2) hypotheses that can be tested based on the answers
in b.
• Since there is a growing population, there is an increasing need for energy
since there is a limited amount of fossil fuels
• Geothermal energy causes tremendous cost to drill geothermal wall
causing millions of oil wells to be abandoned

3. SDG situation

• addressing climate related issues is a high priority. We recognize


• greenhouse gases (GHGs) lead to adverse changes in global
climate.
• manage GHG emission

a. Identify TWO (2) SDG that is related to the above situation?


Climate action
Life on land

b. Formulate TWO (2) evaluative questions based on the above SDG.


I. Do you think in another 10 years climate changes effects will be
increased or remain the same?
II. What needs to be done to conserve the ecosystem of forest as
well the biodiversity?

c. Construct TWO (2) hypotheses from the statement above.


I. Since the climate changes issues arising and no serious action
were taken on the effects would-be long-term effects
II. Banning illegal deforestation can help conserving the forest
ecosystem

Premi (I am not sure of the answers)


Premi (I am not sure of the answers)

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