Report

Lesson Lung Volumes – Lab - Edited NSB - Copy (2)

Pulmonary function tests – Challenge

Place each of the measures below into either the static or dynamic category.

Static Dynamic

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Tidal volume (VT) Forced vital capacity (FVC)

Forced expiratory volume (FEV)
Forced expiratory volume in 1
s (FEV1)
Forced vital capacity (FVC)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Residual volume (RV) Forced expiratory volume in 1
s (FEV1)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Forced expiratory volume (FEV)
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Vital capacity (VC)

Residual volume (RV)

Tidal volume (VT)

Vital capacity (VC)

How did you make the distinction between the two types of test?

Static is resting, while dynamic is active. 

Zeroing the Spirometer Pod

 2 Flow (L/s)

1
0
-1
-2

1 Volume (L)

0.5
0
-0.5

Normal Tidal Breatheing

-1
60
Rate (BPM)
50
40
30
20
10
0
20 30 40 50 1:00 1

Static measurements – Challenge

Match the lung parameter to its correct description.

Expiratory reserve volume

Total lung capacity (TLC)
(ERV)

Inspiratory reserve volume Inspiratory reserve volume

(IRV) (IRV)

Expiratory reserve volume

Residual volume (RV)
(ERV)

Respiratory minute volume Tidal volume (VT)

Tidal volume (VT) Respiratory minute volume

Total lung capacity (TLC) Residual volume (RV)

Place each label onto its correct location.

Expiratory reserve
volume (ERV)

Inspiratory reserve
volume (IRV)
Inspiratory reserve
volume (IRV)
Residual volume (RV)

Tidal volume (VT)

Tidal volume (VT)

Expiratory reserve
volume (ERV)

Residual volume (RV)

Static measurements – Activity

Your volunteer's predicted values: 

Residual volume (RV) and lung capacities

Sex (M or F) M

Height (cm) 175

Age (years) 39

Predicted RV (L) 1.95

Predicted VC (L) 4.66

Predicted FRC (L) 3.73

Predicted TLC (L) 6.61

Static measurements – Analysis

Enter the volunteer's respiratory parameters in the table below:

Abbreviation Units Normal Breathing

Respiratory rate RR breaths/min (BPM) 25.14

Tidal volume VT L 0.58

Expired minute volume VE (= VT x BPM) L/min 14.58

Inspiratory reserve volume IRV L 1.92

Expiratory reserve volume ERV L 1.32

Your volunteer's predicted RV RV L 1.95

Lung Capacities Abbreviation and Formula Units Calculated Value – Normal Breathing

Inspiratory capacity  IC = VT + IRV L 2.50

Expiratory capacity EC = VT + ERV L 1.90

Vital capacity  VC = IRV + ERV + VT L 3.82

Functional residual capacity FRC = ERV + RV L 3.27

Total lung capacity TLC = VC + RV L 5.77

Your volunteer's predicted and measured lung capacities:

Predicted Value Experimental Value

Vital capacity (VC) (L) 4.66 3.82

Functional residual capacity (FRC) (L) 3.73 3.27

Total lung capacity (TLC) (L) 6.61 5.77

Comment on the di erences between the experimental and predicted values for VC, FRC, and TLC in the table above.
What could cause these di erences, if any?

the volunteer is smaller than the average people with the same height.  There is individual variations with the same
height. 

How might lung volumes and capacities be altered in a 74-year-old woman who struggles with breathlessness?

Her alveoli are damaged, and her region in lungs where air is trapped is obstructed.  Lung tidal volumes and
capacities could be increased. 
Dynamic function tests – Challenge

The forced vital capacity (FVC) procedure involves exhaling air as fast as possible from full inspiration to full expiration.
The recording below shows lung volume changing as a healthy person performs this procedure.

Place the comments in the appropriate place.

FEV1 Forced expiration

starts
Forced expiration
starts

FVC
Maximal expiration
Maximal expiration

FVC

FEV1

Dynamic function tests – Activity

 4 Flow (L/s)

2
0
-2
-4
4 Volume (L)

2
0

-2
-4
60
Rate (BPM)
50
40
FVC Procedure

FVC Procedure
30
20 Time
10
0
20 30 10 20 30 40

Dynamic function tests – Analysis

Respiratory Parameter Units Normal Breathing

Time for FVC s 1.54

Vital capacity (VC) L 3.82

Forced vital capacity (FVC) L 1.83

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) L 1.2

% FVC expired in 1 second (FEV1/FVC*100) % 65.57

In your own words describe the physiological signi cance of the FEV1/FVC ratio.

it describes the e ectiveness of how well an individual's lungs can turn over its total volume in one second. 
Why do you think the forced vital capacity is less than the vital capacity?

Because while forcing air out of the lungs, the pressure outside the airway increases rapidly and substantially.

How would the 74-year-old woman's breathlessness a ect her ability to exhale forcefully? What e ect would this have
on her test results?

Her breathlessness would negatively a ect her ability to exhale forcefully. 

Obstructed airways – Activity

0.1
Flow (L/s)
0.05
0
-0.05
-0.1
0 15
Volume (L)
-0.25

-0.3

-0.35

04
12.8 Rate (BPM)
12.6
Obstructed FVC

Obstructed FVC

12.4
12.2
Time
12
11.8
20 20 20
Ask the volunteer to describe how it felt to breathe with constricted airways.

Feels bad.

Respiratory Parameter Units Normal Breathing

Time for FVC s 10

Vital capacity (VC) L 3.82

Forced vital capacity (FVC) L 0.28

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) L 0.03

% FVC expired in 1 second (FEV1/FVC*100) % 10.71

Obstructed airways – Analysis

4 Flow (L/s)
2
0
-2
-4
4 Volume (L)
2
0
-2
-4
60
Rate (BPM)

40

20

0
40 45 50 55 1:00 1:05
Obstructed Pulmonary function tests – results:

Respiratory Parameter Units Obstructed Breathing

Peak inspiratory ow (PIF) L/s

Peak expiratory ow (PEF) L/s

Time for forced vital capacity (FVC) s

Forced vital capacity (FVC) L

Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) L

% FVC expired (in 1s) %

Compared to normal breathing, how are FEV1 values a ected by simulating airways obstruction?

In your own words, explain the psychological events that occurred during this simulated asthma attack. 

Hint: Think about how it felt. How would it a ect your general state of well-being, and your ability to carry out normal
activities.
Label the graph below to show the di erence between FVC and FEV1 for normal lungs and obstructed lungs.

FEV1 normal lungs

FEV1 obstructed
lungs

FVC normal lungs

FVC obstructed
lungs

Popup - Height units conversion

Enter height in inches to convert into height in centimeters:

Inches Centimeters

Popup - Re ection notebook

Re ection notebook: