Safety helmet for bikers to transfer messages using IOT technology

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
As the technology developed the rate of mishap is also increase. The riders avoid wearing helmet
without any specific reason. Moreover, over speeding and drink and drive have become common
issues. Due to the lack of experience or focus and violation of traffic rules, which leads to
accidents So, with the help of technology we made sure that traffic rules are followed, problems
mentioned above are avoided and their effects are minimized. The idea of developing this work
comes from our social responsibility towards society. In many accidents that occur, there is a
huge loss of life.
Many people die on roads every year that occur due to bike accidents. There are various
reasons for accidents such as not having adequate ability to drive, defective two wheelers, rash
driving, drink and drive, etc. But the main reason was the absence of helmet on the person which
leads to immediate death due to brain damage. Therefore, it is important that there should be a
facility to minimize the after effects of these accidents. However, the main goal of our work is to
make it mandatory for the rider to wear a helmet during the ride, to prevent drink and drive
scenario and over speeding or rash riding by motorcyclists and also provide proper medical
attention when met with accident by alerting the concerned person which will provide solutions
to other major issues for accidents.

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 Safety helmet for bikers to transfer messages using IOT technology

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
Jennifer William et al. [1] proposed system in which the intelligent helmet ensures the
safety of the biker by making it necessary to wear the helmet and assure that rider hasn’t
consume any alcohol while driving the vehicle. The system also help in efficient handling of
aftermath of accident by sending a SMS with the location of the biker to person’s wellwisher’s
number to get proper and prompt medical attention, after meeting with an accident.

C. Prabha et al. [2] introduced system which can be used as a crash or rollover detector of
the vehicle during and after a crash. When the vehicle meets with an accident the sensor inthe
system detects and alert system with SMS to the user defined mobile number. The GPS tracking
and GSM alert based algorithm is designed and implemented in embedded system domain. The
proposed vehicle accident detection system trace the location of the rider automatically and
sends an alert message regarding accident.

Manjesh N et al. [3] demonstrated the smart helmet working, which makes the
motorcycle driving safer than before. It uses GSM and GPS technology. Sensors are placed at
different places of helmet, so when the rider crashes and the helmet hits the ground the sensor
sense and sends the signal to the microcontroller. The controller extracts GPS data and then
GSM module send message to the predefined number.

Asaad M. J. et al. [4] research was carried out to design a hardware and software of the
GPS based on GSM network. The proposed GPS/GSM based system has the two parts, first is a
mobile unit and another is controlling station. The system, interfaces, connections, data
transmission and reception of data among the mobile unit and control stations are successfully
working. These results are compatible with GPS technologies.

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CHAPTER 3

EXISTING SYSTEM
An important part of the accidents happens because the individual was either not wearing
a helmet, or the accident was not revealed in time, or the person couldn’t be safe in view of the
late induction to an emergency clinic, or on the grounds that the person was riding while
smashed. Sensors distributed, Wi-Fi empowered processor, and computing foundations are used
for building the structure. The accident discovery is finished utilizing the accelerometer and the
accident warning is finished utilizing the customer and server-based frame work where the
microcontroller is the customer and the server is an online administration. At the point when an
accident happens, the related subtleties are sent to the crisis contacts by using a cloud-based
administration.

DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:

1) Less exactness in the location of accidents, and

2) There is no framework to check if the rider is wearing the helmet or not.

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CHAPTER 4

PROPOSED SYSTEM
This paper describes the prototype of smart helmet using IOT, which ensures the safety
and Security of the bike rider. Here the system is responsible for the following
functionalities.

● The system will not allow the rider to start the vehicle, if the rider is not wearing the
helmet.
● It detects the consumption of alcohol, if the rider has consumed alcohol, the bike
engine will not start.
● The system alerts the rider when the speed exceeds the limited value.
● When met with an accident it detects it and gives the notification to the registered
contact with a location and picture information.

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CHAPTER 5

TECHNOLOGY USED
● Arduino Uno
● Push Button
● RF Transmitter
● RF Receiver
● Alcohol Sensor
● Accelerometer
● ESP-01
● Ignition
● Relay
● Ultrasonic
● GSM
● GPS

● RASPBERRY PI: is the name of a series of single-board computers made by

the Raspberry Pi Foundation. The Raspberry Pi launched in 2012 The original Pi had a
single-core 700MHz CPU and just 256MB RAM, and the latest model has a quad-core
1.4GHz CPU with 1GB RAM, On-board 802.11n Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and USB boot
capabilities, it also provides a set of GPIO (general purpose input/output) pins that allow
you to control electronic components for physical computing.

● PICAMERA: The Pi’s camera module is basically a mobile phone camera module.
Mobile phone digital cameras differ from larger, more expensive, cameras (DSLRs) in a
few respects. The most important of these, for understanding the Pi’s camera, is that
many mobile cameras (including the Pi’s camera module) use a rolling shutter to capture
images. When the camera needs to capture an image, it reads out pixels from the sensor a
row at a time rather than capturing all pixel values at once.

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● ALCOHOL SENSOR:

It is a gas sensor which detects the presence of alcohol content gas concentration from 0.05
mg/L to 10 mg/L. it is a high sensitive to alcohol and a low cost semiconductor sensor which
provides fast response and gives both digital and analog output.

● ACCELEROMETER:

It is an integrated circuit which is used to measure the acceleration with respect to the
object where this accelerometer is attached. Here we use this accelerometer for accident
detection by placing it to helmet and can be detected by tilting of helmet with respect to ground.

● RF MODULE:

For transmission of data/Cmds from one point to another point wirelessly we need to have RF
interface.

A) RF TRANSMITTER MODULE:
RF transmitter is ideal for remote control applications where low cost and longer range is
required. The transmitter operates from a 1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered
applications. The transmitter employs a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency
control for best range performance. Output power and harmonic emissions are easy to control,
making FCC and ETSI compliance easy.

B) RF RECEIVER MODULE:
RF Receiver is ideal for short-range remote control applications where cost is a primary
concern. The receiver module requires no external RF components except for the antenna. It
generates virtually no emissions, making FCC and ETSI approvals easy. The super-regenerative
design exhibits exceptional sensitivity at a very low cost.

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 Safety helmet for bikers to transfer messages using IOT technology

● IOT:

The Internet of things (IoT) can be defined as the inter-networking of physical devices,
vehicles (also referred to as "connected devices" and "smart devices"), buildings, and other items
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable
these objects to collect and exchange data. Objects in IoT can sense the environment, transfer the
data, and communicate with each other. The INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) has been envisioned
as one of the most promising networking paradigms that bridge the gap between the cyber and
physical world.

● RELAY:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input terminals for a
single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating contact terminals. The switch may have
any number of contacts in multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or
combinations thereof.

● ESP-01:
The ESP8266 ESP-01 is a Wi-Fi module that allows microcontrollers access to a Wi-Fi
network. This module is a self-contained SOC (System On a Chip) that doesn’t necessarily need
a microcontroller to manipulate inputs and outputs as you would normally do with an Arduino.

● GSM:

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile

network that is widely used by mobile phone, GSM uses a variation of time division multiple access
(TDMA) and is the most widely used of the three digital wireless telephony technologies:
TDMA, GSM and code-division multiple access (CDMA).GSM digitizes and compresses data,
then sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in its own time slot. It

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operates at either the 900 megahertz (MHz) or 1,800 MHz frequency band. It use to send sms
and make a call.

● GPS:

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based satellite navigation system that
provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth The GPS
program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world.
In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system.

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CHAPTER 6
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMNET

hardware system configuration:

 CPU : Intel core i5 vpro
 Hard Disk : Atleast 100GB
 RAM : 4GB

Software system configuration :

 Arduino IDE
 Serial Monitor
 Web Browser

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CHAPTER 7

SYSTEM ARCHITECURE
HELMET SECTION:

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BIKE SECTION:

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CHAPTER 8

CONCLUSION
The system designed provides safety and reduces the after effects of the accident,
notifying about the accident will provide timely care and treatments to the victim, reducing the
severe impacts on the Raider. The fingerprint authorization prevents vehicle theft and provides
security. The alcohol detection will prevent drink and drive scenario and the effects of drink and
driving to public and the rider himself.

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CHAPTER 9

REFERENCES
[1] Jennifer William, KaustubhPadwal , Nexon Samuel, AkshayBawkar,
SmitaRukhande,”Intelligent Helmet”,International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,
Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2016.

[2] C. Prabha, R.Sunita, R. Anita “Automatic Vehicle Accident Detection and Messaging System
Using GSM & GPS Modem”, Assistant professor, Dept. of ECE, Bellari Institute of Technology
and Management, Bellary, Karnataka, Volume 3, Issue 7, July 2014.
[3]Manjesh N, Prof. Sudarshan Raj “Smart Helmet Using GSM and GPS Technology for
Accident Detection & Reporting System”, M tech, ECE –DSCE, JNTUA Hindupur, HOD and
Ass. Prof. BIT-IT, Hindupur, India, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp:(122-127), Oct –Dec 2014.
[4]Asaad M.J. Al-Hindawi, IbraheemTalib, “Experimentally Evaluation of GPS/GSM Based
System Design”, Journal of Electronic Systems Volume:2 Number, 2 June 2012.
[5]NitinAgarwal, Anshul Kumar Singh, PushpenderPratap Singh, Rajesh Sahani, “SMART
HELMET”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Volume 2, issue 2,
May 2015.
[6] Professor Chitte P.P., SalunkeAkshay S., ThoratAniruddha, N Bhosale, “Smart Helmet &
Intelligent Bike System”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET) Volume: 03 Issue: 05, May-2016.

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