Introduction:

For any society the youth is the major resource, but it is sad to noted that
a large percentage of youth now depend on drugs, the addiction is
increasing day by day as a result it has become a major hindrances in the
development of the nation.

The prime reason for this addiction in the country is due to lack of mental
resistance in the youth to fight the day-to-day problems & challenges of
life.

The non-medical use of habit-forming drug is not a new phenomena, it

has been with us since long. Its extents & more certainly, its pattern &
trends may have differed but it has been with us for generations
Many productive, socially & economically useful population who prey
for the drug dealers & start depending on drug need to be treated &
rehabilitated for the benefit of individual, society, country & mankind as
a whole.
The use of non-medical drugs is found to be intense especially in the
metropolitan cities of or country and hence it needs immediate attention
to eradicate this problem for the all round development of the country.

The government and the society too has a major role in eradicating the
addiction to any found harmful drug, hence there exists the need for drug
de-addiction center which can help the youth to put their life back on the
trail.

If preventing production is hard and interception almost impossible, and

if stopping teenagers and young adults from trying illegal drugs is only
partly successful then it becomes of the utmost importance to ensure that
those who become addicted are helped as quickly as possible to break the
habit. Hence the de-addiction center plays an important role in the up
liftment of the responsible citizens.

1
Causes for addiction:

People take drugs for many reasons: peer pressure, relief of stress,
increased energy, to relax, to relieve pain, to escape reality, to feel more
self-esteem, and for recreation. They may take stimulants to keep alert, or
cocaine for the feeling of excitement it produces.
Generally speaking, interest, attitudes, temperament, adjustive efficiency
and life goals of individuals may have a decisive role in their taking
drugs. However, these are largely latent considerations. There may be
several overt reasons as well. Many users set much store on psychotropic
drugs. That drugs or certain drugs provide intrepidity or that they are a
big aid to concentration is a popular belief. Often the drug-sex linkage
has been underlined.
Broadly the major reasons for consumption of drugs can be grouped under
following four divisions:
(a) Psychological causes such as releasing tension, satisfying curiosity,
and intensifying perception etc.;
(b) Physical causes such as staying awake, heightening sexual
experience etc.;
(c) Social causes such as facilitating social interaction, challenging
social values etc.; and
(d) Miscellaneous causes such as improving concentration in study,
sharpening religious insight, deepening self-understanding etc. .
Many researchers, however, emphasize that these reasons would vary
from drug to drug.
Over a long period many hypotheses and theories have been put forward
with respect to what drugs door can do. Physical, psychological and
social gains or harms of various drugs have often been recounted.
Academic achievement
Many enthusiasts think of drug users as imaginative and creative
persons. In contrast, there are others who regard them as lazy, dull and
unproductive. The existing literature on the relationship between drug
use and academic achievement among students presents an unclear
picture. On the one hand, many studies generally show that drug users
are "under-achievers" in academic pursuits or are "educational drop-
outs".

2
(b) Drug abuse and crime

It is a common observation that among those who come into conflict with
the law, many are drug users. Likewise, the unhappy connection between

"Drink and driving" is too obvious to need any amplification. Further,

procurement, transportation and distribution of many a drug purchase and
distillation, smuggling and peddling also involve illegal activities. In
this connection, illegal means of obtaining money to maintain drug habits
may also be considered. When hard-pressed, a drug user would do
anything-commit theft, burglary --to get money in order to procure drugs.

The socio-cultural background of drug users has been analyzed at

length. The nature of the family, socio-economic conditions and inter-
personal relations in the family, as well as the influence of the
companionships have been analyzed and it is found that low family
education and lower socio-economic class has relation to drug use. On
the other hand, while studying drug use among school children from 13-
19 years of age, it is found that drug users did not necessarily belong to
socially deprived classes.

The processes involved in taking drugs have several theoretical and

operational implications. In one way, a drug habit may be the
consequence of imitation of other drug users, particularly if they happen
to be in the family or peer group. While the influence of imitation models
may be pervasive, this is difficult to ascertain. In contemporary times,
imitation models do not remain restricted only to home, neighborhood or
school. Imitation models from sports, movies etc. may be equally
influential.

In this connection, the well-known Chinese proverb may be recalled:

"First, man takes wine, then, wine takes wine and, finally, wine takes the
man ". However, before persons "take wine ", they pass through quite a
few distinct stages. They should have the knowledge of the intoxicant, the
intoxicant should be accessible, and the intoxicant should have been
suggested to them; and only then depending upon their internal and
external set, would they experiment with the intoxicant and may
eventually progress to become habituated. It is observed that the more
accurate knowledge pupils had about drugs, the more likely they were to
try them .

However the cause for drug dependency differs for person to person, it is
subjective and every person has different reason for consumption of drug.

3
Drug abuse in India:
Drug abuse in India is as old as elsewhere, if not older. From the very
beginning, cannabis drugs have been in use. Ancient books are replete
with references to intoxicants such as "soma rasa ", "dev booty ",
"madira" etc. Opium became popular during the Mughal period. Until
recently, cocaine had many enthusiasts, especially in "red-light" areas.

The post-war period saw the rise of synthetic drugs-both stimulants and
depressants. Hard drugs such as heroin and lysergic acid diethyl amide
(LSD) are in use, recently discovered hallucinogens such as
phencyclidine hydrochloride (Angel Dust) may also be known to certain
users in metropolitan areas. Nevertheless, it is difficult to assert that the
prevalence rate of psychoactive drugs in the country is comparable to that
found in many western countries. However, the problem has often been
associated with the processes of urbanization and modernization.

As a developing country, India is very much in the throes of these

processes and hence the drug scene in the country needs to be watched.
Drug abuse may not be exactly a problem of magnitude at present, but it
may become one within several decades.

On one hand, drugs such as cannabis and opiates, which have been in use
over a period of time, may be termed traditional drugs. On the other,
drugs such as heroin, mescaline, LSD and Angel Dust, which are
relatively recent in origin, may be called modern drugs. Apart from this,
the form of drugs prevalent in rural areas in India differs from that in
urban areas. It follows that the use of psychotropic drugs in the country is
not uniform.

Tribal and rural population groups in India have not been exempt from
the use of psychotropic drugs. These sections of the population, however,
do not appear to have attracted much research attention. it is found that
the rural population consume much of traditional drugs, probably for the
reason that they are not exposed to the modern drugs.

For some decades India has seen entry of foreign drugs like Morphine,
Heroin, Brown-sugar etc., many youngsters, mostly living in towns and
cities from rich families, got accustomed to such drugs and had a
miserable life. Very few drug addicts recovered comfortable.
In view of the situation prevailing Govt. of India took keen interest for
control of drug abuse and also for de-addiction.

4
Rate of drug consumption:

Some recent estimates of the prevalence rate among college and

university students are available. The Ministry of Social Welfare of the
Government of India launched a multi-center research program covering
several urban centers including Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jabalpur,
Jaipur, Chennai and Varanasi. The sample (N =25,000 approximately)
covered both male and female students who were pursuing generic as
well as professional courses.

Non-users Former users Current users Sample size

Centre
(%) (%) (%) (N)
Mumbai 57.8 6.7 35.0 4 151
Delhi 52.5 12.9 34.6 3 991
Hyderabad 65.8 9.2 25.0 903
Jabalpur 56.4 14.1 29.5 4 415
Jaipur 77.6 3.9 18.5 4 081
Chennai 76.8 3.7 19.5 3 580
Varanasi 54.6 11.8 33.5 3 852
Total 62.9 8.9 28.2 24 973

Less than two thirds of the students were found to be non-users.

Nevertheless, more than 28 per cent of them took drugs

5
 Prevalence rates of drug use by
substance:

(Percentage)
Substance Mumbai Delhi Hyderab Jabalpur Jaipur Varanas Total
Chennai
(N=4,15 (N=3,99 ad (N=4,41 (N=4,08 i (N=24,97
(N=3,58
1) 1) (N=903) 5) 1) (N=3,85 3)
0)
2)
Alcohol 15.1 12.2 8.6 9.4 9.7 9.4 10.4 10.2
Amphetami 0.2 0.3 0.05 0.2 0.05 1.3 0.5
0.4
nes
Barbiturates 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.4 1.5 1.8 0.7
Cannabis 0.4 1.3 0.8 8.5 0.9 1.5 11.9 2.8
Cocaine 0.05 0.03 0.1 0.2 0.09 - 0.6 0.1
LSD 0.07 0.2 - 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.3
Opium, 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.9 0.4
morphine,
heroin 0.4

Analgesics 12.6 20.9 2.8 15.1 2.3 1.4 13.8 9.2

Pethidine 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.05 0.9 0.3
Tobacco 9.1 10.5 5.3 10.8 9.2 15.2 15.1 9.9
Tranquillize 1.0 2.9 2.6 1.2 1.2 2.5 1.5
1.1
rs

Which psychotropic drugs do students prefer? Above table shows that

alcohol (10.2 per cent), closely followed by tobacco (9.9 per cent), is
most popular. The prevalence rate of drugs such as amphetamines,
barbiturates, cocaine, LSD, opiates and pethidine, is relatively
insignificant. It is noteworthy that several modern drugs such as heroin
and LSD are prohibitively expensive. Yet another fact, which deserves
notice, is that in Varanasi and Jabalpur cannabis drugs appear to be
widely used.

What is addiction?
6
The task of defining addiction has challenged physicians, judges, clergy,
addicts, their families, and the general public throughout history. There
are as many potential definitions as there are groups with an interest in
defining addiction. These definitions emphasize such things as
physiological dependence, psychological dependence, family dynamics,
behavioral problems, and morality.

Chronic or habitual use of any chemical substance to alter states of body

or mind for other than medically warranted purposes. Traditional
definitions of addiction, with their criteria of physical dependence and
withdrawal (and often an underlying tenor of depravity and sin) have been
modified with increased understanding; with the introduction of new
drugs, such as cocaine, that are psychologically or neuropsychological
addicting; and with the realization that its stereotypical application to
opiate-drug users was invalid because many of them remain occasional
users with no physical dependence. Addiction is more often now defined
by the continuing, compulsive nature of the drug use despite physical
and/or psychological harm to the user and society and includes both licit
and illicit drugs, and the term “substance abuse” is now frequently used
because of the broad range of substances (including alcohol and inhalants)
that can fit the addictive profile. Psychological dependence is the
subjective feeling that the user needs the drug to maintain a feeling of
wellbeing; physical dependence is characterized by tolerance (the need for
increasingly larger doses in order to achieve the initial effect) and
withdrawal symptoms when the user is abstinent.
Definitions of drug abuse and addiction are subjective and infused with
the political and moral values of the society or culture. For example, the
stimulant caffeine in coffee and tea is a drug used by millions of people,
but because of its relatively mild stimulatory effects and because caffeine
does not generally trigger antisocial behavior in users, the drinking of
coffee and tea, despite the fact that caffeine is physically addictive, is not
generally considered drug abuse. Even narcotics addiction is seen only as
drug abuse in certain social contexts. In India opium has been used for
centuries without becoming unduly corrosive to the social fabric.

Types of Abused Substances:

There are many levels of substance abuse and many kinds of drugs,
some of them readily accepted by society.

7
 Legal Substances
Legal substances, approved by law for sale over the counter or by
doctor’s prescription, include caffeine, alcoholic beverages (see
alcoholism), nicotine (see smoking), and inhalants (nail polish, glue,
inhalers, gasoline). Prescription drugs such as tranquilizers, amphetamines,
benzodiazepines, barbiturates, steroids, and analgesics can be knowingly or
unknowingly over prescribed or otherwise used improperly. In many cases,
new drugs prescribed in good conscience by physicians turn out to be a
problem later. For example, diazepam (Valium) was widely prescribed in
the 1960s and 70s before its potential for serious addiction was realized. In
the 1990s, sales of fluoxetine (Prozac) helped create a $3 billion
antidepressant market in the United States, leading many people to criticize
what they saw as the creation of a legal drug culture that discouraged
people from learning other ways to deal with their problems. At the same
time, readily available but largely unregulated herbal medicines have
grown in popularity; many of these are psychoactive to some degree,
raising questions of quality and safety. Prescription drugs are regulated by
the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement
Administration.

Illegal Substances
Prescription drugs are considered illegal when diverted from proper use.
Some people shop until they find a doctor who freely writes prescriptions;
supplies are sometimes stolen from laboratories, clinics, or hospitals.
Morphine, a strictly controlled opiate, and synthetic opiates, such as
fentanyl, are most often abused by people in the medical professions, who
have easier access to these drugs. Other illegal substances include cocaine
and crack, marijuana and hashish, heroin, hallucinogenic drugs such as
LSD, PCP (phencycline or “angel dust”), “designer drugs” such as MDMA
(Ecstasy), and “party drugs” such as GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate).

Design methodology:

1) Problem identification

8
Literature study & Case study Site study
Data collection

2) Analysis & inferences

3) Design guidelines

4) Concept

5) Preliminary design

6) Refinement

7) Final proposal

Literature study:

Typical progression in the drug life of an addict:

9
 1. Addiction starts as a pleasant experience, chasing pleasant feelings
and running away from the unpleasant. It becomes an addiction
when the experience is no longer pleasant, but the person continues
to risk everything by compulsively attempting to repeat and even
intensify the pleasant experience previously produced by drugs.

2. Addiction becomes a lifestyle: predictable, habitual, and repetitive.

Drug-addicted people doubt both their ability to set themselves
realistic goals and their ability to bring about the results they want.
Because they do not believe their efforts will be rewarded, they
give up trying. For the addict, the reward becomes the drug of his /
her choice.

3. Because of the lifestyle maintained by drug addict (using mostly

illegal and very expensive drugs) his or her behavior starts to
infringe on the rest of society (criminal activities, prostitution, etc.)

4. These kinds of activities go against the set of values with which the
addict has been raised. This produces strong feelings of guilt and
self-hate associated with the addiction, which cause the addict to
rely more heavily on his or her drug. The vicious circle keeps
rolling.

The key to diagnosis of addictive disease is in the observation that the

patient persists in using drugs in spite of the consequences. It also means
that taking away the drug would not solve the problem of drug addiction.
To sum up, addiction means an over-dependency, which has become
habitual, obsessive and compulsive, governing.

Treatment of an addict:

Treatment of substance abusers depends upon the severity and nature of the
addiction, motivation, and the availability of services. Some users may come
into treatment voluntarily and have the support of family, friends, and

10
workplace; others may be sent to treatment by the courts against their will
and have virtually no support system. Most people in drug treatment have a
history of criminal behavior; approximately one third are sent by the criminal
justice system.
Both pharmacological and behavioral treatments are used, often augmented
by educational and vocational services. Treatment may include
detoxification, therapy, and support groups, such as the 12-step groups
Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, and Cocaine Anonymous.
Nonresidential programs serve the largest number of patients. Residential
facilities include hospitals, group homes, halfway houses, and therapeutic
communities, most of the daily activities are treatment-related. Programs for
family and friends of substance abusers help them to break out of
codependent cycles.
Some treatment programs use medicines that neutralize the effects of the
drug. Ant abuse is a medicine used in the treatment of alcoholism. It causes
severe and sudden reaction (nausea, vomiting, headache) when alcohol is
present. Naltrexone is used in alcohol and heroin abuse. Other programs use
stabilizing medications, e.g., methadone or buprenorphine maintenance
programs for heroin addiction. Acupuncture has been successful in treating
the cravings that accompany cocaine withdrawal and is being used with
pregnant substance abusers to improve the health of their babies.

For every person in drug treatment there is an estimated three or four people
who need it. Many, who attempt to get treatment, especially from public
facilities, are discouraged by waits of over a month to get in. Evaluating the
effectiveness of treatment is difficult because of the chronic nature of drug
abuse and alcoholism and the fact that the disease is usually complicated by
personal, social, and health factors.

About 75% of the treatment program is psychological , medicinal treatment is

not much in use . the major aim of the treatment is to make the patient realize
the harms of drug or alcohol and help them to come out of the of substance
dependency.

Terminologies:
Drug: Drug is a chemical compound which, when taken into the body,
changes the body's metabolism.

Alcohol: Alcohol is deriver from a Arabian term “ al-kuhul” meaning

finely divided spirit.

11
Drug abuse: when a drug is consumed for any reason other that the
medical, in any amount, strength, frequency or manner that damages the
physical or mental functioning on body it is called drug abuse. Drug
abuse occurs when a person feels the need to use a drug repeatedly for
various reasons. Drug addiction is said to be present when a person
continues to abuse a drug after serious problems related to the drug use
have occurred.

Alcohol habit: not all people who drink can be called as addicts. People
drinking alcohol can be broadly divided into two groups:

1) Social drinkers 2) Alcoholics

1) Social drinkers: social drinkers are those who drink occasionally 7

are not dependent or addict to drinking.
2) . Alcoholics are those excessive drinkers whose dependence on
alcohol has attained such a degree that they show a noticeable
mental disturbance or an interference with their mental and bodily
health, their interpersonal relations and their smooth social and
economic functioning; or who show the predominant signs of such
developments. They, therefore, require treatment

Detoxification: detoxification is a medical management process used to

remove the toxicity of the alcohol or drug from the body to ensure that
the patient undergoes safe withdrawal from chemical. During the
treatment cycle of an addict detoxification is the first stage of treatment.

Counseling: interaction between the doctor or a psychiatrists and the

patient where in the doctor interviews the patient and help him
psychologically to understand and come out of the problem.

Activities in a de-addiction center:

All the daily activities are treatment-related. The entire day program is
organized and various activities are carried out which are governed by the
staff.

1) The day starts with meditation & yoga, which helps the patients to
come out of the stress, they are facing in their life.

12
 2) Counseling sessions are carried out with individual patient to take
personal care & to see the development in the patient.
3) Lecture classes by experts are carried out to help the patient rebuild
their personality & become fit to adjust with the society.
4) Group counseling are carried out for about 20 to 30 patients
together.
5) Recreational facilities like library, sports, watching television are
also provided, this also helps them to come out of their stress.

Various therapies are carried out during the course of treatment like
music therapy, group therapy, work therapy, relaxation therapy etc.

Music therapy: music therapy is a kind of group therapy where patients

perform whatever talent they have like singing dancing etc. singing
process exercises the lungs & helps the patient regain the stability over
speech

Group therapy: in this session 20 to 30 patients are grouped together &

various patients share their experience during addiction which help the
patient to fell that they are not the only one who are facing problem and
also become conscious to drop the addiction.

Work therapy: work therapy includes different types of work that a

patient has to complete with in the given time. This keep the patient
occupied & hence he does not get tempted towards addiction.

Relaxation therapy: the prime purpose of relaxation therapy is closely

allied with that of work & music therapy, which involves recreational
activities in the form of games, stage shows etc which plays an important
role in the development of an individual.

Case study 01 :
Muktangana de-addiction center Pune:

Introduction:

13
Muktangan De-addiction Center at Pune was established on 29th August
1986. The late Dr. Anita Awachat, founder of the center decided to
follow an evolving approach in developing a treatment model. From what
she perceived of the addiction problem, she was convinced that:

 Addiction is a disease
 Friends admitted need security and love
 They should be given opportunity to express their creative instincts
 They should restore faith in values
 They need to be accepted by family members and support also
should be given to their family members
 Most importantly, the friends admitted should be emotionally
comfortable

Dr. Anita (fondly called Madam) kept her options of treatment open for
suggestions from the friends. As for the therapeutic milieu, since she
respected and attempted to follow Mahatma Gandhi's teachings, a system
akin to Gandhiji's ashram system was her goal. Consequently, simplicity,
self-reliance, maintaining the center by the inmates was part of the center
since inception. There are no special rooms for anyone and self-discipline
is the key factor.
Madam used to discuss with the friends what would help them recover.
Some said that music might help, so music therapy was introduced. One
of the friends admitted was a physical trainer. He set up an exercise
regime for the inmates. Madam used to learn Yoga and she thought it
would be useful during recovery, so Yoga was introduced. Gradually, a
systematic therapy structure evolved.

Location:

Muktangana de addiction center is situated in the outskirts of Pune

(Maharastra) city, on Pune-Alandi road.

14
15
16
Site surroundings:2

Muktangana deaddiction center is situated on pune- alandi road

The area in which this center is situated mainly consists of various

residential apartments, shops & clinics

Site features:

The site is sloping towards south; here there is a drain. The campus is
designed according to the slope of the site; hence the natural landform
is not much altered.

Site plan:

Existing nallaha towards south

Main entrance

ROAD

17
CONCEPT OF PLANNING:

Model of the campus

Main entrance to the building

This building was designed by Ar.shirish beri

• A balance had to be bought about between the sense of freedom

& the disciplinary action of the institute, the environment
needed to be one where the patient could open up & feel. Hence
the basic concept of planning was governed by these two
factors.
• A transparency of mass is brought about by entrance, terraces,
cut-outs ect, this massing of structure allows the “ Expression of
freedom” & helps the patient to feel free & more secure.
• The natural stone, plants, creepers, the sky, the cloud all
become a part of architectural vocabulary hence creates a
natural therapeutic ambience.
• In spite of the transparency & the openness, the building is
functionally easy to monitor with only one entrance, besides the
service entrance
• In the planning of this building the architect has made an
attempt at rising a sense of belonging & sharing between the
user & the building & therefore indirectly causing speedier
recovery

18
Ground floor plan

0) Arrival & o.p.d waiting. 8) Stage & amphitheater

1) General ward 9) store
2) Coordinator’s cabin 10) verandah
3) Consulting room 11) kitchen
4) Psychiatrist’s cabin 12) dining hall
5) Social worker’s cabin 13) UG tank with seating above
6) Yoga hall 14) Gas
7) Servant’s room

: Section @ AA

19
ABOUT FACILITES PROVIDE:

1) ARRIVAL & O.P.D WAITING: This part consists of a

reception, a waiting area for about 30 people, which serves the out
patients department it incorporates a 1.5 m wide movement space
on one side adjoining the counseling rooms & the other part
consists of a semicircular seating arrangement for waiting. The
waiting area flows into the amphitheater creating a open feeling.

The entrance
gate of the
building. The
vision of the
observer is not
obstructed &
the open space
is focused from
this point.

The waiting
area of the
O.P.D
department
flows into the
amphitheater,
which
continues the
openness of
building.

20
 The opening in the waiting lobby continues
till the terrace & pours sufficient light into
interiors.

2) General ward:
• The course duration in this center varies from 4 to 5 weeks,
the in patients here are not provided with any individual
rooms instead they are provided with general wards or
dormitories since this institution follows group therapy.
• Each ward is 30mx 10m accommodating 30 patients actually
designed to accommodate only 15-20 patients hence it is
proving to be congested.
• Each patient is provided with individual locker at a corner
of the room. Through out the ward about 0.8m circulations
space is maintained between the beds.
• The ward is well ventilated it consists of windows of size
1.0mx1.2m each.
• The wards are locked up in the night times hence the toilet
blocks are provided so that they can be accessed from within
the wards. Each toilet block consists of 3 bathrooms, 3
W.C, 2 urinals & 3 washbasins.
• Care has been taken to avoid glare & access heat into the
• Wards so the patients do not face stress hence the windows
facing south are provided with egg-caret type of sunshade.

3) Consulting rooms: Every counselor is provided with a

counseling cabin where in he interacts with the patient & his family. The
room size is 3 m x 4.5m. Separate counseling rooms are provided for

21
inpatients & out patients. The out patients counseling room are at the
ground floor adjoining the waiting lobby. The inpatient counseling rooms
are at the fist floor, which is convenient for them to approach.

Raised planters and the spread of

flowers at the windowsill are used
to cheer the patient as soon as he
enters the rooms that he can feel
free & interact well with the
counselor.

In the counseling rooms

visual privacy is not as
necessary since there is
no physical check up
carried out instead sound
privacy is needed to see
that the interaction is not
heard by any one else,
hence transparency is
maintained with the use of glazed doors.

View of counseling rooms

provided for inpatients at the first
floor: Inpatients & outpatients
counseling rooms are separated
hence there is no mixing up of
inpatients & out patients.

22
4) Yoga & Meditation hall: The yoga & meditation hall is about
50sq.mts, this hall is also used for music therapy . It can accommodate
about 30 people where as there are about 90 inpatients in the center so it
proves to be small.

The main feature of this unit is the

clearstory windows provided
which creates the apt mood for
meditation by pouring light into
the interiors from the top. The
main purpose of providing such
windows is to create the mood &
to avoid distraction of vision.

Sunken level in the terrace

View of window from terrace showing view of the windows from

sunken level in roof with clearstory the interior of yoga hall.
Windows.

5) Library: Library located at the first floor of the building is about

40sq.m, it mainly contains book on topics related to de-addiction,
newspapers, & magazines. Transparency is maintained in the library by
using glazed doors to monitor the activities of the patients within.

Ample light & ventilation is provided within hence in the daytime there is
no need of artificial lighting. This room can accommodate about 30 to 40
people where as the present capacity of the center is 80 to 90 hence it
proves to be small.

23
6) Stage & Amphitheatre: The most interesting part of this
building is the enclosed landscaped amphitheatre, which breaths in
light & joy into the building. This is mainly used for group therapy
sessions & for some functions. It can accommodate about 100 to 120
people hence it is sufficient to conduct various group therapy sessions.

Stage

Sitting area

Movement area

The balcony of general

wards open up into amphitheatre
this provides relief from the built-
up space.

24
 8) Dinning hall & kitchen:

Dining hall is used as a multipurpose

Hall: this hall is used for dining, indoor
sports & as TV room. This
Room is connected to a kitchen with
Rear verandah, store & servants room.
Total area of this unit is about
200sq.mThe windows in dining hall
provide sufficient light & ventilation
into the Hall & directs the view towards
the external landscape.

View of rear verandah with service entrance

Service entry

View of the pantry in dining hall

25
9) Clinic: A small clinic is provided within the campus, which is
mainly used for detoxification & for elementary treatment of the
inpatients. It consists of an examination room, record room, and
physician’s chamber & treatment room. The detoxification of inpatients
during their first stage of treatment is carried out in this clinic & in case
of any emergencies the patient is taken to the nearby hospital; hence an
ambulance is always kept with in the campus.

View of the
interiors of the clinic

10) Regional training & research hall: a conference hall is

located in the first floor of the building, which I basically used for
regional training & research. It is also used for board meetings etc,
training classes are conducted here every week for the staff. This hall is
well ventilated & lighted; it consists of a balcony also.

Rainwater: rainwater collected on the terrace is drained down through

pipes into the landscape area, the site slopes towards south where there is
a nallaha hence it becomes easy to drain excess water out of the site.

Water supply: Sintex tank of 250 liters capacity is placed on the terrace
for storing water & supplying it to the building.

Solar energy harvesting: Solar equipment is placed over the terrace

through solar energy is harvested & is used to heat the water.

Case study 02:

26
Freedom foundation Bangalore:
Introduction:

Freedom Foundation works in the fields of Alcoholism/Drug addiction

and AIDS. Its De-addiction (Substance Abuse) home has the highest
recovery rate in the country at 49% while its HIV/AIDS facility is
considered a Nodal Center to be replicated in the rest of the country
Established in 1992, the Foundation was initially started to provide an
effective treatment program for alcoholics and drug-addicts. Three years
down the line, and a link was noticed between addiction and AIDS. In
1995, the Foundation took on the onerous task of addressing the issue of
AIDS. An year later, it opened a rehabilitation center for HIV positive
people, the first of its kind in the country Located in a farm, Freedom
Foundation comprises two centers -- Center I for Substance Abuse and
Center II for HIV/AIDS. Both are 50-bed residential units, just a
kilometer from each other. While the center for substance abuse charges
fees, the AIDS center is absolutely free.

Freedom Foundation's treatment program is based on the principle,

abstinence is only the first stage of the recovery process. Genuine
sobriety means abstinence plus a return to full physical, psychological,
social, emotional and spiritual health.

Following the AA/NA 12-steps program, it incorporates effective and

modern techniques of group and individual counseling, psychiatric inputs
when required, yoga and a well-structured schedule with daily attendance
of AA/NA meetings

The process of treatment followed:

27
 The 12-step method of treatment followed in freedom foundation is as
follows:

• Interrupt the drug taking behavior

• Detoxification of the individual from chemicals
• Break through the denial mechanisms of the illness
• Educate them on addiction being a treatable disease and provide
referral services
• Break through the barriers of isolation and loneliness which
separate the individual from family, friends and society
• Introduce them to self-help support systems at home and in the
community
• Identify and interrupt destructive family and social relationships,
and replace them with positive ways of thinking and behaving
• Establish new communication patterns, which will enhance
interpersonal relationships.
• Discover new and healthier ways of coping with feelings
• Encourage lifestyle changes necessary to sustain continuing
abstinence
• Treat co-dependents and help them make their relationship with the
addict more constrictive and meaningful
• Pre-test Post-test counseling, as well as educational workshops on
HIV/ AIDS related issues
•

The residential treatment entails a stay for a minimum period of 4 months

(120 days). All basic amenities are provided including a well-balanced,
nutritious diet (vegetarian/non-vegetarian).

Freedom Foundation is primarily a rehabilitation facility. It is

recommended that the clients undergo detoxification at any of the
numerous hospitals/nursing homes available. However, adequate
facilities including doctor and medication are available for detoxification
at Freedom Foundation, whenever necessary.

From initial management of withdrawal symptoms, the client adheres to a

structural daily schedule with adequate free time for entertainment
especially during weekends.

Families are allowed to meet the clients during weekends on prior

permission from the concerned counselor.

28
 Clients are to work the first three steps of the NA/AA 12-step program on
an intensive level in groups and individually with their counselors. On
satisfactory progress of the step work, clients are shifted to TRANSIT
accommodation during the last 2-4 weeks. They then commence working
step 4 onwards with a sponsor of their choice in the AA/NA fellowship.

The Transit period prepares them to face the world again with a fresh
perspective not to mention fortitude. The shift from the rehabilitation
progress to integration with society is thus monitored for a fruitful and
productive transition.

Treatment cycle:

Admission of patient as in patient

Detoxification: first stage of treatment is physical

wherein the toxicity of blood is removed for easy
withdrawal of the patient. (About 1-2 week period)

Psychological treatment: the next stage of

treatment is psychological wherein counseling
of patient is done & group therapies are
carried out. (About 10- 12 weeks)

Transit stage: if satisfactory progress is

found in the patient then he is shifted to
transit accommodation during the last 2-4
weeks of treatment.

Site location:

29
30
 Freedom foundation

About the campus:

31
This building is an adapted building basically it was a farm. It is a simple
u-shaped campus arranged around a common courtyard, which is used
for various purposes like circulation, recreational facilities like games
etc.

Open courtyard

Around which bldg

Is spread. main entry

Circulation pattern:

Reception detox ward

32
 Waiting clinic

Wards

o.t.s serving as
common
circulation &
gathering place

Entry security & Dining

Parking kitchen

Group therapy

Transit room

Various facilities provided:

1) Parking area.
2) Security check room
3) Reception & waiting
4) Administration unit
5) Detoxification ward with clinic
6) Dormitories
7) Duel rooms
8) Transit ward
9) Dining & kitchen
10) Group therapy rooms

 Total capacity of the institution is: 60 inpatients

 Duration of the course offered in this institution is about 3 to 4
months.

1) PARKING & SECURITY CHECK: at the entrance to the

campus there is a security check room Y parking facility for 4-5 four
wheelers, 8-10 two wheelers, & one ambulance

33
2) ADMINSTRATION UNIT: a small A.D.M unit is provided
within the campus consisting of.
• Waiting area for about 6 to 8 people
• Reception & admission counter
• Director’s cabin
• Counseling room

VIEW OF THE OFFICE BLOCK

3) CLINIC & DETOXIFICATION UNIT: A small clinic &

detoxification room is provided with in the campus where the patient
undergoes his first course of treatment. This unit has all the facilities
needed for the elementary treatment & in case of emergency the patient is
taken to the nearby hospital hence an ambulance is always kept with in
the campus.

4) DINING & KITCHEN: Dining area with the kitchen is about

170sq.m. Dining hall is used as a multipurpose hall used for yoga 7
meditation, Lectures, seminars & staff meeting etc.

34
 VIEW OF THE DINING HALL

5) ACCOMODATION UNIT: Three different types of

accommodation are provided for different stages of course.

• DORMETORIES: Two dormitories of 30 capacities each are

provided. There is no locker facility provided with in the dormitories, the
dormitories are sufficiently ventilated but it is congested. Toilet facilities
are away from the dormitories. Since the dormitories are locked up in the
night times two w.c’s are provided within the dormitories.
• DUEL ROOMS: Five number of duel rooms are provided;
this is one of the special features of this institution. This is a room where
in two patients can stay individually. Each room is about 3x4.5m & is
sufficient for two patients. Lady patients generally prefer such type of
accommodation since it gives sufficient privacy, however in de addiction
centers isolation is not preferred.
• TRANSIT WARD: A transit ward of about 30sq.m size is
provided this is occupied by the patients in the final stage of their
treatment or after he treatment till they get adjusted back in to the society.
Transit ward is the place is the place where the patients stay after they
complete their course of treatment 7 searches for jobs. At this stage the
patient is let out of the institution for certain hours in a day during which
he is given some nominal amount & can search for job & get rehabilitate

35
in the society. This type of treatment gives confidence to the patient that
he can get back to normal life hence is use full.

VIEW OF THE TRANSIT WARDS:

6) FAMILY DISCUSSION & GROUP THERAPY ROOM:

Separate room of about 30sq.m size is provide where in discussion

with families is carried out & they & told how to behave with the
patient when they go back home after the course, group therapies for
the patients is also carried out in this room.

CASE STUDY 03: (INTERNET)

DAIRRC: KHUSHIVALI
(MAHARASTRA):

36
 INTRODUCTION:

D.A.I.R.R.C (Drug Abuse Information Rehabilitation & Research Center)

is a registered Charitable Trust involved in Drug (Substance Abuse)
Demand Reduction Strategies (Prevention & Treatment), since 1982. It is
also actively involved in HIV Awareness Programs since 1988. DAIRRC
strategies include General Awareness Measures as well as Specific
Intervention Strategies.

The Rehabilitation Center caters to treatment that includes Heroin

addiction treatment, Cocaine addiction treatment, Solvent Abuse
Treatment, Treatment for addiction to Prescribed Medication, Methadone
addiction treatment and Treatment for addiction to all Other Drugs of
Abuse.

Drug Prevention Campaigns by DAIRRC implemented in India include

Drug Resistance Education, Slum Intervention Programs for Drug Abuse,
Drug Awareness Programs targeted at school children and Drug Research
in India.

DAIRRC is the premier Substance Abuse Prevention and Rehabilitation

Center in India. The Rehabilitation Center was established in 1982 in
Mumbai, India. Currently the Center has a success rate of 85 percent for
its Rehabilitation Program (not inclusive of the dropouts).

LOCATION:

Th e Ce nte r at Kus hiv a li is situa te d a t the foothi lls of the

pic t u re s que Ha ji M a la ng m ounta in ra nge of the W es te rn
gh a t s . The C e nte r c a te rs only to a m a x im um of 18
pa t ie nts a t a tim e (s o t ha t ea c h ge ts indiv idua l a tte ntion)
a n d is s pre a d ov e r 40,000 squa re fe e t of la nd.

37
 Picturesque view of hills adds to the mood of the center

Staff bliss villa

Sangita villa

Parking

Pond

Main entrance

Key sit e plan

FACILITIES PROVIDED:

1) ACCOMODATION: Accommodation for the inpatients here is

provided in two different classes in terms of economy.

38
 BLISS VILLA: This is a luxurious type of accommodation unit for
both men & women. It consists of bedroom (6mx3m) with attached toilet,
small dining space. It has good view of surrounding landscape.

Entry to bliss villa Side

profile Surroundings of villa
Frontal view:

SANGITA VILLA: This is comparatively less expensive &

luxurious than the bliss villa. This accommodation unit contains a
therapy room (central hall with dining 6mx9m); kitchen (6x3m) two
double bed rooms (3x3.5m) a triple bed room( 4x 3m) & a dormito

39
View of the normal facility that hosts 3 double
rooms and a dormitory.

THERAPY ROOM : A group therapy room is provided within the

sangita villa. Here the patients are gathered & are given lectures on de
addiction. This room is 4mx4m with toilet facilities

40
COMPARITIVE AREA ANALYSIS: all areas mentioned in table are in terms of square meters.

C as e s tudy
S tandar C as e
C as e s tudy 1 Re 2
d data R ema s tu d y 3 R em
R equiremen ts mar I n f er en ce
rks ar k s
muktangan ks F reedom
DA I R R C
foundation
S uf
S uff i
1) R eception 5 6 fici 4 ------ --- 6
cien t
ent
22-25
S uf Ins u f I ns u
(for 1 5 40 (for 30
2) Waiting 30 fici 10 ficie 18 f f ici
to 20 p er s o n )
ent nt en t
pers on)
S uf Ins u f
3) C ons ulting Suffi
16-20 20 fici 12 ficie 16 20
rooms cien t
ent nt
S uf Ins u f
4) D irector’s Suffi
20-25 20 fici 12 ficie 16 1 6 + to ilet
room cien t
ent nt
20%of S uf
5)
plinth 120 fici ------ ----- ----- ---- 1 2 0 to 1 5 0
A mphitheatre
area ent
6) 6m2
S uff i 1 2 m2 \p er Suffi
D etoxifica tio \pers on ------ ---- 20 6 + to ilet
cien t son cien t
n w ard + toilet

41
42
 C as e s tudy
S tan d ard C as e
C as e s tudy 1 Re 2
d ata R ema s tu d y 3 R em
R equiremen ts mar I n f er en ce
rks ar k s
Mu k tan gan ks Freed om
In sq m D AI R RC
foun d ation
5m2 \
Ins
pers on + Ins u f 5 +
7) Wards & uffi 3.5m2 6 . 5 m2 \p er Suffi
toilet + 5m2\pers on ficie to ilet+ cir cu
dormitories cie \pers on so n cien t
circula tio nt latio n
nt
n
Ins
50(for
uffi S uf f i
8) Yoga hall 30 to 40 50 Open area ------ --- 1 2 0 to 1 5 0
cie cien t
people)
nt
Ins
uffi
9 ) Library 50 50 --------- --- - ------ --- 1 2 0 to 1 5 0
cie
nt
1 0) S uf
C onference 100 120 fici --------- --- - ----- --- 5 0 to 6 0
h all ent
S uf
1 1) D ining & Suffi
100-150 150 fici -------- --- - - 50 1 2 0 to 1 5 0
kitchen cien t
ent
1 2) Indoor
150-20 0 ------- --- -------- ---- - - ----- --- 1 2 0 to 1 5 0
s ports hall
30 (for
S uf 30 (for
1 3) G roup 10- 120 open S uf f i 4 0 (s emi Suffi
fici 30 ev er y 2 0 to
th erapy room 15patient area cien t co v er ed ) cien t
ent 2 5 p atien ts )
s)

43
44
 Prop

Site study:
Site location: the proposed site for de addiction center is in Hyderabad,
Andhrapradesh.

45
Hyderabad profile:

• Hyderabad became the capital of the newly formed state of

Andhra Pradesh in 1956.

• Located 650mts above sea level, the physiography of the city is

dominated by hills, tanks, forests and rock formations.

• The city is strategically located on the Indian map blending the

cultures of North and South India,

• National Highway No.7 and 9 passes through it.

• It is a city of cosmopolitan character embracing people of different

religions, languages and races.

• The city has a number of universities, research and

training institutions, including defence, police and administrative
academies. Besides major industries both in state and central
sectors, it is famous for tourist attractions like Charminar,
Qutubshahi Tombs, Golconda Fort, Zoological Gardens, etc.;

• Mohd Quli Qutub Shah founded Hyderabad in 1591 after the

earlier capital city of Golconda became over crowded.

• As per 2001 census, the population of Hyderabad Metropolitan

Area was about 6.5 million, spread over an area of nearly 1864 sq
kms. With decadal growth of 29% and ranking 6th in population
among the major metropolitan cities in India.

• The metropolitan area of Hyderabad was notified under the

Andhra Pradesh Urban (Dev.) Act 1975 and termed as
"Development Area". This consists of the MCH, 10 municipalities
and a vast area under Gram Panchayats. In order to plan this
composite area, the Government of Andhra Pradesh constituted
the "Hyderabad Urban Development Authority"on second oct
1975.(HUDA).

• HUDA has prepared two master plans and 20 Zonal Development

plans for this area of which one master plan and 18 Zonal
Development plans are already notified by law and in force

46
Justification for selecting hyderabad:
• Hyderabad being a metropolitan city is developing in a fast rate. I
consists of various educational, research & training institutes .
• Many world famous tourist attractions like chairminar, golconda
fort etc are located in hyderabad hence many people from other countries
come here.
• It is suitable for locating a de addiction center because these
centers are mostly located in the metropolitan cities since awareness
about such center is not much in other areas.
• With the developmnt in the software field & industril field many
multinational companies have spread their business in hyderabad in the
last decade. This has given rise to the flow of excess population
(migration) from the surrounding area into this metropolitan city.
Growing population & conjetion is one of the causes for various social
eveils including substance abuse.
• The population census of this city according to 2001 census is
growing at a rate of 29% per decade. Is is ranked 6TH in population
among various cities of India.
• Besides the high population of the city itself , it has a large
catchments area. Various region in the surrounding depend on this city
for medical & other facilities.
• Hyderabad is the fifth largest city in India with an ancient
civilisation and culture. Hyderabad and Secunderbad are twin cities,
separated by the Husain Sagar river

Bidar karimnagar

Gulbarga Hyderabad Nalgonda

Raichur Mahabubnagar

Main points considered:

1) High catchments area

2) Rapid growth in population
3) Rapid development in various fields
4) Awareness amongst the people

47
Building bylaws in hyderabad:
This building comes under the public & semipublic area, hence the
bylaws applicable to this building is listed below

1) Minimum plot area:

Plot usage Minimum

plot area:
Central & state offices, Research institutes, 500 sq.m

Sports stadiums, swimming pools, Defense usage,

Education institutes, Hospitals & Medical
institutions

2) Maximum permissible height of the building:

Road width Max.permissible

height
Less than 12m 11.0m
12m to 18m 15.0m
Above 18m 15.0m
3) Maximum plot coverage:

a) Plot size below 300 sq.m As per the minimum building setback
b) Plot size 301 to 670 sq.m 60%
c) Plot size 671 to 2000 sq.m 50%
d) Plot size above 2,000 40%
sq.m

4) Building setback requirements:

Width of the abutting road Front setback

a) Up to 12m 3.0m
b) Above 12m to 18 m 4.5m
c) Above 18m 6.0m

5) Rear & side setback: 3m or on fourth of the height of the

building whichever is higher on each side.

6) Parking requirements: one car parking space of 20sq.m for

every 100 sq.m of the built up area & fraction thereof.

48
Climatic data of Hyderabad:

• HYDERABAD IS LOCATED 650M ABOVE SEA LEVEL

Latitud Longitud
e e
Andhra parades 16.00°N 80.00 °E
Hyderabad 17.20°N 78.30 °E

• Temperature:
o Maximum temperature: 40°c; minimum temperature: 22°c –in
summer Maximum temperature: 22°c; minimum temperature: 13.8°c –in
winter
o Temperature usually rises by mid afternoon &evenings are cool,
hence by late evening the temperature falls down
o Summer starts by the end of February & continues till first half of
June.

• Rainfall: maximum 89 cm (June to September)

• Sky condition: the sky condition is generally clear except in the

south west mansoon season it may be slightly cloudy

• Wind: wind is generally light to moderate with some increase in

force in the later half of summer & in the monsoon season.

49
Proposed site details:

• The proposed site for de addiction center is located in

HYDERADAD, ADDHRAPRADESH
• The main approach road is 100 feet wide located towards south.
• This road leads to Apollo hospital on the east & to panjagutta
towards west.
• The has two approach roads: one main road on south & other
subsidiary road 12 m wide on east
• The total plot area is 40625sq.m that is about 10 acres land

185 m

200m PROPOSED SITE 250m

Towards panjagutta MAIN ROAD Towards Apollo hospital

180 M

50
Site surroundings:

d
cyberaba

BU S STO P PAN J AGUTTA

l
a SI TE
it
p
s
o
h
ol
op
A

CANCER HOSPITAL

OPEN SPACE BUS STOP PANJAGUTTA

RESERVED FOR PARK

APOLLO HOSPITAL PROPOSED SITE

Residential area

51
 Under development

Site justification:

• This site is located fairly away from the city hence there is not
much disturbance in the surroundings, yet it is convenient to reach.

• Transportation facility for public: bus stop is close to the site hence
it can be conveniently reached by bus from the city center.

• Two roads adjoin the site, one main road 30m wide & other
subsidiary road 12m wide, this can be advantageously used to provide
separate public & service entrance

• Many hospitals are located within the vicinity of this site: during
the first stage of treatment that is the detoxification, the patients may
undergo severe withdrawal symptoms & need to be given some intensive
treatment for this the patients are taken to the hospitals. This site is near
to many hospitals hence this is the main criterion for selection of this site.

• This site is surrounded by hospital & residential area hence it is

calm & is suitable for de addiction center

• There is a park maintained by City Corporation near to this site,

hence good view & atmosphere is created.

52
Site analysis:
• Towards north Residential area under development

Hence there is not much disturbance towards this side

To east
the
road
leads to
the bus
stop.

Silent zone

Subsidiary This area is slightly disturbed by

Road can be used traffic noise

For service entry N

Idle point for

Public entry since it is near

To bus stop & circle

Opposite side of the site is the cancer hospital. The road abutting the site
on the south side is the main approach road at the end of this road
towards east is the bus stop.

53
Site analysis:
Th entire plot is divided into various zones according to the needs &
variour blocks are placed.

Various blocks such as parking, waiting, A.D.M , outpatient department,

in patient department common facilities etc are located in the plot as
shown in the following figure.

Inpatient area

Dining, therapy&

Other common

Facilities

Administration Out patient

& Waiting area Department

Entrance & parking

Exit Entry

54
Design guidelines:

The de addiction center mainly consists of four sub units:

• The treatment & consolation area composed of staff office for

individual & family care sessions & for administration purpose.
• Conference therapy area for group therapy sessions & for
observation of these sessions by the staff.
• Inpatient area to accommodate hospital patient activities.
• Area for therapeutic activities.

Treatment & counseling area:

• Counseling area for out patient & inpatient should be separately

provided in order to maintain privacy to the inpatients.
• The outpatient counseling rooms should preferably be provided
near the entrance.
• Visual privacy is not much important in the counseling cabins
hence transparency can be maintained.
• This room is used by the in charge for interviewing with the atient
& family hence it should be near by 3mx3m in size

Conference & therapy area:

• Conference room for the staff members should be provided within

the campus, the location of this unit should be such that it is easily
approachable by the people of the administration unit as well as the
outsiders.
• Therapy rooms for various therapies of the inpatients must be
provided.
• Group therapy rooms must be provided such that it can
accommodate at least 25 to 30 patients.

55
• Space for various facilities must be provided at the same time the
various units must be able t o share as many common facilities as
possible.

Inpatients accommodation facilities:

Inpatients accommodation mainly consists of two stages:

• Detoxification ward for first stage of treatment

• General wards for later stage of treatment.

Detoxification unit:

This is the ward, which is occupied by the patients in the first stage of
there treatment. Hence it needs a very sensitive approach.

Each ward will accommodate not more than 8 patients and a staff in
charge to observe the patients activities through out the day

These wards need close supervision by the doctors’ 7 staff nurses.

These wards are generally locked up hence the toilet facilities should be
provided so that they can be approached form with in the ward

The patients in this stage are mainly confined to bed hence the sill level
should be at lower level so that they can have the view of the surrounding
from the bed.

Keys or some such devices, which are under the control of the staff,
should operate the windows & doors of these units

56
General wards:

The patient occupies these types of the wards during the later stage of
treatment. They stay here for 2 to 3 months

The in patient wards must have sufficient privacy so that the visitors do
not see the in patients.

The orientation of these wards must be such that patient north, it is not
preferable to have facing towards south or west.

The factor, which governs the ward design, is: need for natural light &
ventilation & the positioning & size of the beds.

Each ward should contain not more than 30 patients & one bath& w.c
must be provided for every 5 to 6patients

The patient’s bed must be accessible from three sides & this sets the
limits for overall room size.

The room must be wide enough for a second bed to be wheeled out of the
room without disturbing the first bed.

Table of principle dimensions, expressed per bed:

Length of bed 2.00 m

Width of bed 0.90m

57
 Height of bed 0.65 m

Distance between head Of bed to wall 0.10m

Distance between bed & window 0.80m

Spacing of beds side to side 0.75m

Spacing of bed end to end 2.20m

Course of treatment & requirements:

Out patient counseling waiting area

Once in 7-15 days counseling rooms

out patient course

Waiting & reception.

Entry Admission & Administration section

Counseling with

Family. Counseling room

Physician’s cabin

Inpatient course Detoxification

For 7- 10 days clinics

Detoxification ward

General wards

Psychological dining area

Treatment yoga, meditationhall

58
 (1.5- 2months) library ,sports

Group therapy rooms.

Rehabilitation Transit ward

(15-20days)

Exit

Calculation of capacity of the de

addiction center:
• According to a survey report of hyderabad –secunderabad area,
there are about 1500-1800 new out patients every day, covering the
patients of private hospitals as well as government hospitals of both the
city & district population.
•
• Amongst these 1500-1800 new patients about 0.5-0.75% are
addiction case
•
• Therefore number of patients per day is about 9.
•
• Most of the patients are referred to the center through general
medical practitioners & private hospitals.
•
• These patients are then screened in the center depending on the
stage of addiction & are given treatment as either inpatients or
outpatients.
•
• Majority of the patients referred to the center are treated as
outpatients
•
• The patient is admitted as an inpatient only if the stage of addiction
is chronicle
•
• It is found that about 30-40% of the patients are admitted as
inpatients.
•
• The duration of course is generally for about 2 to 3 months.
• Out of 10 patients inpatients per day are 2 to 3.

59
•
• 1500-1800 new patients out of which 9 are addiction case, 2
inpatients per day.
•
• Duration of course is bout 60 to 75 days.
• Therefore total number of inpatients for a course of treatment
may be approximated to 120.
•
• Hence the de addiction center is designed to accommodate about
140 inpatients.

Concept of planning:

 Natural atmosphere
 Psychological stability
 Security
 Enclosure with freedom
 Proper zoning

 Natural atmosphere: An addict is usually disturbed mentally &

needs peace of mind. Quite &serine atmosphere helps in the speedy
recovery of the patients. The atmosphere should be such that it inspires
the patients to stop addiction

 Psychological stability: The mental stability of the patient is

disturbed, he is not as sound as a common man hence he can not digest
irregular forms & complicated movement pattern hence as far a possible
regular forms & easy movement is adapted.

60
 Security: security in terms of both patient & the staff that is , the
patient should feel secured as well as the staff should be able to examine
the activities of the patient.

Transperancy of space for easy supervision.

Use of boundary walls, gates etc.

 Enclosure with freedom: The campus must not have a typical

institution or hospital kind of atmosphere, it should be a combination of
open & closed spaces so that the patient does not feel as if he is locked
up in a jail & can relax. At the same time proper security must be
maintained hence only one entry is provided to the campus to regulate
the movement

 Proper zoning: The entire campus is divided into various zones

according to the needs such as public zone, semipublic zone & private
zone. This helps to provide sufficient to the required areas as well as
reduces the congestion within the campus.

• Public zone: Administration block, waiting lobby reception etc

• Semipublic zone: out patient department, conference hall etc
• Private zone: general wards, detoxification wards, therapy rooms
of inpatients etc.

Common circulation area is used o link one zone to another.

Inpatient area

Common facilities like

Dining, sports etc

61
 Common

Circulation area

Administration Out patient

Block Waiting & department

Reception

Entrance

INDEX

S.NO TOPICS PAGE

01 Introduction 01

02 Causes of addiction 02

03 Drug abuse in India 04

04 Rate of drug consumption in various cities of 05

India

62
05 What is addiction? 07

06 Types of abused substances 08

07 Design methodology 09

08 Literature study 10

09 Case study –1 Muktangana , pune 14

10 Case study-2 freedom foundation, Bangalore 27

11 Case study 3- DAIRRC , kushivali 37

12 Comparitive area analysis 41

13 Site Study 43

14 Design guide lines 53

15 Concept of planning 58

16 Final Design proposal 59

63