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Paper 1 Solutions
1 B 11 A 21 A 31 A
2 B 12 D 22 A 32 B
3 D 13 C 23 D 33 C
4 D 14 C 24 C 34 C
5 D 15 D 25 C 35 A
6 C 16 D 26 B 36 D
7 B 17 B 27 A 37 C
8 B 18 B 28 B 38 A
9 A 19 B 29 A 39 D
10 C 20 A 30 C 40 D
1 Solution: B
A = LW
∆A l w
= +
A L W
l w
∆A = + A
L W
∆A = L w + W l
2 Solution: B
Acceleration due to free fall 981 mm s-2 (too small--- should be 9810 mm s-2)
3 Solution: D
v2=u2+2as
49.12 = 14.72 + 2(9.81)s
s= 111.86 m; 112m
1
4 Solution: D
The time taken for the flight up to the highest point should be shorter than the time
taken for the flight down.
5 Solution: D
6 Solution: C
7 Solution: B
8 Solution: B
By Hooke’s Law, the component of the sphere’s weight down the incline causes the
spring to compress by a value e.
mg sin θ = ke
(3.00 )(9.81) sin 30 0
or e = ≈ 0.0294 m
500
= 29 .4 mm
2
9 Solution: A
The kinetic energy is ½mv2 and remains constant as it reaches constant velocity,
Rate of change of GPE = mgh / t = mg(h/t) = mgv
10 Solution: C
aspore = rsporeω 2
aseoul = rseoulω 2
( )
= rspore cos 37.5o ω 2
aspore 1
= = 1.26
aseoul cos 37.5o
11 Solution: A
12 Solution: D
By COE,
KE A = GPEC + KEC
m ( v A2 − v C2 ) = mg (2R )
1
2
52 − 32
R= = 0.408 m
4g
v2 32
ac = = = 22.1 m s−2
R 0.408
3
13 Solution: C
T 2 ∝ R3
3
2
Tmercury Rmercury 5.79
3
= =
2
Tneptune Rneptune 450
3
2
Tneptune (
= 0.2412 )
450
5.79
Tneptune = 165 years
14 Solution: C
GM
φ=−
R
GM
−89.73 = − (1)
R + 2300
GM
−97.14 = − (2)
R + 600
(1) 89.73 R + 600
= =
(2) 97.14 R + 2300
7.41R = 148095
R = 19985.83 m
M = 3.00 × 1016 kg
15 Solution: D
At equilibrium position,
mg = kxo
mg 0.10 × 10
k= = = 10 N m−1
xo 0.10
∴ x = xo cos(ωt )
= 0.020 cos(10t )
4
16 Solution: D
Ek = ½ mw2xo2sin2wt
17 Solution: B
2λ = 0.056
v = fλ
(3.0 x 108) = f(0.056/2)
f = 10.7 GHz
18 Solution: B
I α A2
For maximum intensity, Io α (3A)2
For minimum intensity, I α (A)2
Io/I = (3A/A)2
I = Io/9
19 Solution: B
20 Solution: A
For option B and D, we require two progressive waves to create interference pattern
and standing wave.
Option C is not true because light wave only travels at the speed of light, not at any
velocity.
21 Solution: A
For option D, different states of the system will have different internal energy.
Therefore, it is only true if the two system are at the same state.
22 Solution: A
pV = NkT
p = (N/V)kT
p = NvkT 0.50p = N’k(2.0T)
N’ = 0.25 Nv
5
23 Solution: D
mg = 2e(0.5V/d)
24 Solution: C
Electric potential is a scalar. It add up to zero at point X and Y. The vector sum of
the electric field at point X due to + 5 µC and - 5 µC point upwards.
The electric field at point Y due to + 5 µC points in Northeast direction while that
due to
-5 µC points Northwest direction. As a result, the resultant field at point Y points
upwards.
25 Solution: C
2.0 Ω
X
D
V
Y 2.0 Ω
Z 2.0 Ω
After voltage supply is reversed, diode is reverse-bias, no current will flow through
the diode.
Effective resistance = 2.0 + 2.0 = 4.0 Ω
Total current in circuit = V / R = 18 / 4.0 = 4.5 A
Hence, voltmeter reading = Iacross X (R) = 4.5 x 2 = 9.0 V
6
26 Solution: B
Using ε = V +Ir
1.75 = 1.5 + 0.107r
r = 2.3 Ω
27 Solution: A
We cannot conclude that C is correct. B and D are possible but further testing need
to be done.
28 Solution: B
5.0 Ω R
Y Z X Y
and
R R R 5.0 Ω
−1 −1
1 1 1 1
RYZ = + R XY = +
5 2R R R + 5.0
−1
1 2R + 5 1 1
= = +
2.5 5(2R ) 2.5 7.5
R = 2.5 Ω = 1.88 Ω
29 Solution: A
Hence rod will move towards TS with acceleration i.e. increasing speed.
7
30 Solution: C
µo I
FB = ×I ×L
2π d
µ I 2L
= o
2π d
FB µoI 2
=
L 2π d
FB mg
Since the wire is suspended, =
L L
µo I 2 m
= g
2π d L
4π × 10 −7 × 100.0 2
= (0.020)(9.81)
2π d
2 × 10 −7 × 100.0 2
d=
0.020 × 9.81
= 0.0102 m
= 1.02 cm
31 Solution: A
Magnet (N-pole) approaches coil, there would be changing magnetic flux linking
coil. According to Faraday’s law an induced emf is generated. Since, circuit is
closed, an induced current is formed. The direction of current would produce a ‘N’
pole.
When magnet is inside the coil, there is no change in flux linkage and no emf and
current is induced.
When magnet (S-pole) leaves the coil, there would be changing flux linkage and an
induced emf and current is produced. According to Lenz’s law, the current flow
would produce a ‘N’ pole on the right end of the coil. This is opposite to when it
approaches. Hence, diagram A.
32 Solution: B
Reasoning:
As the ring moves closer to the electromagnet, it has more flux linkage. Faraday’s
law states that an emf will be induced and Lenz’ law tells us that there will be an
opposing force acting on the ring to slow it down. This external force will damp the
system. The best answer is B.
8
33 Solution: C
2
V0
Vrms 2 V2
=
2
Fig A, Mean Power, W = = 0
R R 2R
1
( 2V0 )
2
T +0
= 2 = 2V0
T
( )
2
Vrms 2 2V0 2V0 2
Mean power for Figure B, PB = = = = 4W
R R R
34 Solution: C
35 Solution: A
T ∝ , where k =
Thus if T’ = T ⇒ k’d’ = kd
W’ = W
W’ = W
W’ = W
W’ = 0.577 W
9
36 Solution: D
37 Solution: C
Option B should be: Spontaneous emission occurs more rapidly when the lifetime of
the excited state is short.
Option D should be: spontaneous emission competes more strongly with stimulated
emission in transitions that emit blue or ultraviolet light than for transitions that emit
red or infrared radiation (revisit the visible spectrum and compare the frequencies of
the two radiations).
38 Solution: A
When the battery is reversed, its current drops to zero: This indicates that the
semiconductor device is acting like a PN junction in reverse bias.
39 Solution: D
A = A0 e −λt
ln 2
− 24
A = 30e 13
A = 8 . 34 × 10 −6
Ci (this is the activity of radio isotope in the body after 24 hours)
4
Percentage found in the thyroid = × 100% = 48%
8.34
40 Solution: D
A significant majority of the alpha particles will pass through the gold foil
undeflected (0o). Deflection by large angles (up to 180o) is possible but likelihood is
low and decreases with magnitude of angle.
10
11
Paper 2 Solutions
1 (a) The Principle of Superposition states that when two waves of the same kind
meet at a point in space, the resultant displacement at that point is the vector
sum of the displacements that the two waves would separately produce at that
point. [B2]
(b) (i) Must be a sine wave i.e. correct phase at start [B1]
Amplitude = 1 div [B1]
Period = 8 div [B1]
(ii)
Frequency of the resultant wave is the same as the wave with a lower
frequency i.e. the frequency of resultant wave is 2.1 x 1015 Hz. [A1]
(iv) Must have two waves of the same wavelength for coherence. [B1]
OR
d sin θ = nλ
12
2 (a) (i) The average height of an adult is about 1.75 m.
The potential difference between the head and feet,
V= Ed = 1.0 x 102 x 1.75 = 1.75 x 102 V [A1]
(b) (i) Although there is no current inside the tube, there is current flowing
through the external resistors.
OR
13
3 (a) N P Vp 8
= = [M1]
N S VS 3
n
Therefore, V p = V s 8
3
n
8 [M1]
230000 = 240
3
n = 6.999 ~7 [A1]
(b) The purpose of the iron core is to confine the magnetic field lines to
ensure maximum magnetic flux linkage between the primary and
secondary coils. [B1]
4 A p-n junction is formed between slices of p-type and n-type semiconductor material
as shown in Fig. 4.1
p-type n-type
[B1]
Fig. 4.1
When a boron atom replaces a silicon atom in the lattice, its three valence
14
electrons form covalent bonds with neighbouring silicon atoms, leaving an
electron deficiency, a hole. [B1]
This hole can carry current in the presence of an electric field by accepting
electrons. Hence Boron creates an acceptor semiconductor/ p-type
semiconductor. [B1]
(c) When the battery is connected in this manner, the applied voltage will cause the
holes in the p-type region and the electrons in the n-type region to move into the
depletion region. [M1]
5 (a) Binding energy of a nucleus is the work done on the nucleus to separate
it into its constituent neutrons and protons. [A1]
= 1.8153 (934)
15
(c)(i)
NOTE: (c) (i) and (ii) are marked together as the same part.
226 222
90 Th 88 Ra* + 42 He
Given that
226
rest mass of 90 Th = 226.0249 u
222
rest mass of 88 Ra = 222.0154 u
4
rest mass of 2 He = 4.0026 u
By COE:
(ii) To find KE of γ :
In order to find the KE of γ need to find KE of radium Ra as well and take the two
equations as one and take Ra* would have decayed to Ra, and make assumption that
momentum of γ ray is negligible.
226
90 Th 222
88 Ra + 4
2 He + γ
0 = mRavra + mα vα
(mRava)2 = ( mα vα )2
(½ m Ravra2) mRa = ( ½ mα vα2 ) mα
(½ mRa v2Ra ) m
= α
½ mα vα2 m Ra
KE of Ra = 0.0429 MeV
88 Ra + γ
222
88 Ra* 222
By COE :
mRa* c2 + KERa* = mRac2 + KERa + KE γ
Since there is no difference in the masses of Ra* and Ra.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Alternatively: A number for students use COM for the first part would have found the KE of
Ra instead of Ra*.
16
Total momentum before decay = Total momentum after decay
0 = mRavra + mα vα
(mRava)2 = ( mα vα )2
(½ m Ravra2) mRa = ( ½ mα vα2 ) mα
2
(½ mRa vRa ) m
2
= α [M1]
½ mα vα m Ra
(½ m R a v 2R a ) = 4.0026 [M1]
2.38 222.0154
This will give the answer of the KE of Ra. Acceptable as question is not clear.
Then will need to find the KE of Ra* (see earlier method to find using COE).
17
6 (a) d/h = 394/450 = 0.876 ~ 0.90 [B1]
Since Chart No.49 has the correct fcu, fy and d/h, Chart No.49 is appropriate to
be used for this design. [B1]
100Asc/bh = 2.6 [M2 - allow errors up to 0.05 i.e. 2.55 < x < 2.65]
Provided four 32 mm reinforcement bars ~ 3220 mm2 > Asc, therefore the
provided reinforcement steel is sufficient. [B1]
(d) At 12 metres, the column is too slender with respect to its dimension. Might
twist and buckle under load. [B1, any of the underlined words]
(e) From Chart No.39, corresponding N/bh = 21.0; allow 21.0 ± 0.5 [B1]
From Char No.49, corresponding N/bh = 25.5; allow 25.5 ± 0.5 [B1]
Decrease in N = 3.48bh kN
18
Q7 Solution- Suggested marking schemes
Basic Procedure [2] This mark is scored as long as described procedures involve:
• Applying a force, Measuring an electrical signal
• Varying the force and repeating.
19
room)
• ACTIVELY Monitor surrounding atmospheric pressure
during course of experiment, as changes in pressure might
affect the forces it is subjected to.
(e.g. with a barometer)
• If material is cut to size, then maintaining the size is valid.
(e.g. cut out a circular portion ~3-4 cm in diameter, about
the same size as the slotted masses)
• The arrangement/placement of masses on the
piezoelectric sheet.
20
Prelim H2 P2 Q7 Planning Training Task Suggested Solutions
(Disclaimer: These solutions do not represent the only acceptable answer. Other methods, apparatus, procedures,
precautions may also be acceptable. It is best you check with your tutor regarding the acceptability of your solutions if
they differ from what is presented below.)
A) Problem Interpretation:
• Independent Variable:
The force applied to the piezoelectric sample. This will be practically done by placing variable
number of the slotted masses on it.
• Dependent Variable:
The potential difference developed across the piezoelectric sample, measured by a DMM.
• Control Variables:
− Temperature of the surroundings/piezoelectric sample.
− Size of the piezoelectric sample
21
• Description of Procedure
1. Cut a small disc sized sample from the A4 flexible sheet of piezoelectric material, about 5
cm in diameter, using a ruler to measure out the diameter.
3. Connect the probes of the DMM set to measure potential difference (prob ~mV or µV)
across the faces of the piezoelectric sample.
To ensure good electrical contact between the entire face of the piezoelectric sample and the
DMM probes, place a sheet of metallic foil over the faces of it. The foil can extend beyond the
face of the sample so that the probe can still be in contact with the sample bottom while still
allowing even distribution of force on it. (see Fig 2)
(if either the piezoelectric disc sample or the slotted mass is resting on the DMM probe [see Fig
3], the force will not be evenly distributed & the readings may not be accurate)
4. Measure the mass of a slotted masses with an electronic balance. Record the value, M. The
force on the piezoelectric disc sample can be calculated by W = Mg.
5. Place the slotted mass on the piezoelectric disc sample, and record the corresponding
potential difference given by the DMM. Record this as V.
6. Increase the number of slotted masses by one, measuring the total mass with the electronic
balance, M. Repeat step 4 until all the slotted masses have been used for a total of 10 sets of
data.
Stack the slotted masses are properly on top of each other to ensure uniform distribution of
force.
7. Repeat step 4 and 5 again, this time decreasing the number of slotted masses and thus the
force. The readings should not differ appreciably for the same M or W value. Record the
corresponding DMM readings as V’.
W=Mg W↑ W↓
# M W/N V/V V’/V
1
2
22
Reliability considerations in the procedure are highlighted with an
2. Clean the surface of the piezoelectric disc sample of dirt, oils or other contaminants
before applying the foil. (e.g. use alcohol wipes).
3. Stack the slotted masses neatly and vertically over the sample to ensure even
distribution of weight. Do not let it tilt or skew to one side.
5. Measure the p.d. across the sample even with no weights on it. This is to account for
the sample’s own weight which might cause possible “zero error”.
• Safety considerations
1. The experiment is relatively safe as it involves no heavy weights, high voltages, high
temperatures or harmful substances.
23