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BI-DIRECTIONAL (static)
BD PILE LOAD TEST
Bored Pile BP1,200mm; Working Load WL11,360kN; Test Load TL22,720kN
(This Method Statement is prepared for YJACK on Bored Pile. For YJACK on Driven Pile, please refer to other Method Statement)
Bored Pile: BP1200
PREPARED FOR: Method Statement for YJACK Type B for Bored Piles (sample)
GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANT : ABC Geotechnical Limited
MAIN CONTRACTOR : XYZ Construction Limited
PILING CONTRACTOR : XYZ Piling Limited
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 YJACK MODEL & ASSEMBLY LOCATION
3.0 YJACK FABRICATIONS & INSTALLATIONS
4.0 YJACK INSTRUMENTATIONS & PRESSURIZATIONS
5.0 YJACK TEST PROCEDURES & PLOTS
6.0 YJACK TEST RESULTS
6.1 YJACK Test Curves
6.2 YJACK Analysis Curves (by SS/CP4)
6.3 YJACK Equivalent Q-s Curve (by measurement method, an optional method)
6.4 YJACK Acceptance Criteria
6.5 YJACK Friction Correction
6.6 YJACK Ultimate Load
7.0 POST GROUTING
8.0 WORK MATRIX
9.0 YJACK INSTALLATION QA/QC
10.0 TECHNICAL CHIEF
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 2
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
1.0 INTRODUCTION
YJACK Technology, associated companies and distributors are the specialists to propose, supply, install, test and
analyze bi-directional pile load test, statically, on the following pile types (with PCT World Patents):
(1) YJACK Type A: auto-YJACK especially for deep or marine water piles for offshore piling
(2) YJACK Type B: bored or barrette piles (platform technology: patented flat jack)
(3) YJACK Type C: concrete piles, such as driven reinforced or spun concrete piles
(4) YJACK Type D: double concreting method to install YJACK on small bored piles
(5) YJACK Type E: end bearing piles with 50% skin friction and 50% end bearing conservatively
(6) YJACK Type M: micro-piles with API pipe design (micro-pile without API pipe = mini bored piles)
(7) YJACK Type O: offshore or open ended steel pipe piles
(8) YJACK Type W: working piles with YJACK located at pile toe level to comply pile bending design
The objectives of the test are to obtain or to comply the design parameters for the test pile. The pile design and
YJACK design and capacity are summarized in the following table.
Pile ID BP1200
Pile Type Bored Pile
Pile Size (mm) Ø1200
Pile Length (m) 21.3 BGL
Ground Level (m) 0.0 BGL
Cut-Off Level (m) 0.0 BGL (assumed)
YJACK Level (m) 19.3 BGL (2.0m from toe level) (Refer to Annexure A)
Toe Level (m) 21.3 BGL
Prolong Level (m) N/A
Reference Borehole BH-1
Working Load, WL (kN) 11,360
Test Load, TL (kN) 2.0*WL 22,720
Apply Load in F(1D), AL (kN) 1.0*WL 11,360
YCELL Model 4GYJ3D325
YCELL Capacity (kN), in 1D 2,000
YCELL Capacity (kN), in BD 4,000
YCELL Quantity (NOS) 6
YJACK Capacity (kN), in BD 6*4,000 = 24,000 (>22,720)
YCELL Stroke (mm) max 120 if test to failure ; max 80 if required unloading cycle
BGL: below ground level
Note: YCELL, is the single hydraulic unit prior to fabricate the YJACK
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 3
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
There are many type of YJACK Model for different pile sizes and test loads. The selected YCELL hydraulic jack model
is 4GYJ3D325, in which:
4G: 4 th generation design
YJ: YJACK trademark
3D: manufacturing model design
325: the diameter of the YCELL hydraulic jack
Positioning of YJACK assembly is determined based on static analysis on soil data. This is used as the basis to
compute the expected skin friction and end-bearing capacities of the test pile.
The YJACK assembly location is ideally be located at the middle of total pile capacity (= skin friction + end bearing).
The main aim of positioning the assembly will be to “equalize” the bi-directional forces in the pile so that failure in
one direction does not occur prematurely. The detailed location requirements will be based on the pile design and
the soil conditions.
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 4
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
It must be stressed that all calculations are based on empirical formulae which does not imply that they are fail -
proof but at the time represents the most prudent and accurate location based on the available information and
knowledge.
For YJAC K Typ e B, th e Y JAC K location det er mined from Balance Le ve l Equation: F(upper) = F(low er) + E(base)
For YJACK T ype C , the Y JAC K locat ion det er mined from Ba lance L ev el Equat ion: F(upper) ≈ F(lower) + E(base)
(installed at the spliced pile joint closest to the balance level, either at 3, 6, 9, 12m or any pile combination suitable)
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 5
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
Bored pile boring works will proceed under the piling contractor’s work plan. Upon reaching the final toe elevation,
the pile bottom will be cleaned for concrete placement.
The fabrication of the YJACK assembly will be carried out on site. The YJACK will be welded with the rebar cage at the location
as determined from YJACK balance level calculations. The installation of YJACK is as easy as 1-2-3.
The hydraulic supply, telltales, grouting pipes (optional to be used for post grouting at split zone ; and to be access
tubes for ultra-sonic pile integrity testing) will be attached to the rebar cage. The rebar cage will be fabricated in
few pieces (depending on the pile length) and spliced together over the bored hole.
The orientation of the YCELLs (single hydraulic unit) and positions will be fixed on a flat ground and welded together
to become an YJACK (Step 1).
Once the YJACK is ready, the upper rebar cage will put on top of the YJACK (perpendicular) and weld together to
fabricate as a single piece of JACK with the rebar cage (Step 2).
Subsequently, the hydraulic supply hoses and telltales will be attached out from YJACK connections (Step 3).
The connections of the rebar cages shall compliance to the contractor’s method statement.
It should be noted that, the contractor at project site shall use their most appropriate method to assist the YJACK
installer to fabricate the YJACK onto the rebar cage. Precautions shall be taken in order not to damage the hydraulic
hoses, telltales and connections.
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 6
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
DAY 1 DAY 2
YJACK pre-fabricated in YJACK fabrication yard Pile boring works start after YJACK ready
(rebar cage ready on site by contractor) (follow contractor SOP and work plan)
Ready a flat working platform at site by contractor YJACK lower down to the bore hole
(locate YJACK on the flat plywood/steel platform) (slowly and carefully follow contractor SOP)
Connect YJACK perpendicular to the rebar cage Continue cabling when lowering down the rebar cage
(vertically by welding YJACK on rebar cage) (fasten with cable ties in approx. 1.5m interval)
Lower the connected YJACK on to ground Lower down the tremie pipe and concreting
(horizontally to connect hoses and telltales) (slowly and carefully follow contractor SOP)
Final inspections, QA/QC by engineers Pile load test starts after 7 days (minimum)
(YJACK fabrications ready in 1~2 days) (loading sequence to follow MLT specifications)
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 7
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
Measurement of Displacements
For measurement of the displacement of the YJACK (top and bottom parts), telltales will be used. The end of telltales will be
connected to LVDTs (linear vertical displacement transducer) to measure displacements:
- Four (4) measurements on pile top displacement combined with physical measuring
- Three (3) measurements on YJACK up displacements
- Three (3) measurements on YJACK down displacements
The following table is the general guideline for the quantities of the measurements to be used:
Reference Beams
- For pile top measurements, two (2) reference beams will be laid on supports, firmly embedded in the ground.
- For telltale measurements, one (1) reference beam will be laid on supports, firmly embedded in the ground.
- The supports shall be far enough as required in the specifications or ASTM/D1143 (refer to kentledge method).
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 8
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
The YJACK test will be carried out when the bored pile is obtaining the required concrete strength. After concreting
for at least 7-days (or subjected to engineer approval), test can be conducted.
The YJACK will be internally pressurized using a common hydraulic system, creating an upward force on the shaft in upper
friction and an equal, but downward force in lower shaft friction plus end bearing. As mentioned, the hydraulic jack load is
determined by relating the applied hydraulic pressure to load calibration. A high-range calibrated pressure gauge will be used
to read the pressure on the pump line with minimum 400Bar.
The load will be removed and testing finished once either one of the following criteria occur:
i. A pre-determined test load has been achieved prior to the reach ultimate capacity.
ii. The test pile reaches its ultimate capacity in either upward or downward direction exceeds the limit.
iii. The smaller value of 5% of pile diameter or maximum travel of the YJACK (80mm) is reached.
iv. The ultimate YJACK capacity is reached.
Load-displacement readings will be recorded in accordance to the load test procedure determined by the engineers, which
generally adopting maintained load test procedure with the sample plots shown below for (i) Load-Settlement, (ii) Load-Time,
and (iii) Settlement-Time.
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 9
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
Test report will be issued to the client with “top loaded“ load - settlement Q~s curves upon completion of the test.
The test results are plotted as load versus displacement curves for the upward and downward displacements independently
as recommended by Singapore Standard SS/CP4 (2003), Figure 7.16(b):
The two (2) component curves as illustrated in Section 6.1 may then be utilized to construct an equivalent pile-top load (Q)
versus displacement curve (s) as recommended by Singapore Standard SS/CP4 (2003), Figure 7.16(c):
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 10
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
6.3 YJACK Equivalent Q-s Curve (by measurement method, an optional method)
By considering the pile elastic shortening effects on the pile-load behavior, the alternative option to produce Q-s curve is to
implement dynamic high-strain pile load test (HSPLT) methodology to complement the shortcoming of bi-directional to
produce Q-s curve.
The Q-s curve from Section 6.2 will be utilized to compare with the acceptance criteria as defined by the Engineer. Generally,
conventional pile load test acceptance criteria local practice will be adopted. However, there is no direct measurement on the
residual settlement in bi-directional pile load test method. Alternatively, the residual settlement of the bi-directional test
method shall be deemed as the gap opening at the split zone after removal of the working load.
In bi-directional testing, the hydraulic jack is pushing the upper pile section in upward direction. In other words, the upper pile
section is subjected to tension load behavior. In order to simulate the compressive load behavior, the following skin friction
correction factor, γ, at upper pile section shall be taken in considerations as follows:
Qu = Qu(upper) + Qu(lower) – W(weight of upper pile section); must exceed the Q(test load).
γ
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 11
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
The grout used shall consist of cement grout with non-shrink additive and water. The grout mixing and preparation shall be in
accordance to the grouting specialist instruction.
Pre-installed sonic logging pipes will be used as the grouting pipe. The pre-cut of the pipes at the split zone level will break and
detach to allow the grout to flow across the split zone. The grouting process will use 1 pipe as the in-flow pipes for the grout
to flow across the split zone and the remaining pipe will serve as the out-flow pipe.
Plan View – After Mechanism 3 Plan View – After Grouting the Split Zone
(load transfer pile area = 0%) (load transfer pile area = about 50%)
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 12
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
In general, the YJACK split zone consists approximately 50% of the pile area (the remaining 50% are the empty spaces to
ensuring the concrete to flow freely from bottom to upper part of the jack location without blockages and formations of the
concrete soft layers during tremie pipe concreting). This 50% pile sectional area is sufficient to sustain the applied stress from
pile top as illustrated below:
In general, based on Malaysian local practices for the acceptance criteria for load test in twice the working load shall be less
than 38mm.
The inlet of the Flat Jack will be sealed by grouting the hydraulic hoses as illustrated below:
Once the hydraulic hoses sealed, the oil will remain inside the hydraulic cylinder forever to resist any external force (or
pressure), such as the loading from the pile top section above the YJACK.
Plan View – Before Sealing the YCELL Plan View – After Sealing the YCELL
(load transfer pile area = about 50%) (load transfer pile area = 100%)
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 13
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 14
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 15
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
Mr. WAI, Yee Kong, 25 years in piling and testing industry since 1991 (Attachment A&B):
1991: Bachelor in Civil Engineering (Hons), UTM
1991: Research Officer in dynamic pile testing (hardware & software), UTM
1994: Pile Test Engineer in private firms
2000: USPTO Patent Holder for new dynamic pile test method (YLOAD Method, the 3rd revolutionary theory)
2004: Certified Pile Test Engineer (Advance Level), Deep Foundation Institute/USA
2008: Key Trainer in dynamic pile testing (Asia Pacific Countries)
2014: MyIPO Malaysian Patent for static pile load test method (YJACK bi-directional pile load test on driven piles)
2015: PCT World Patent for static pile load test method (YJACK bi-directional pile load test on driven piles)
2015: Int’l Invention and Innovation Expo (ITEX15) Gold Medal for YJACK
2015: Int’l Construction Industry Council (CIC) Innovation Award 2015 for YJACK
2016: Int’l Global CleanTech Innovation Program (GCIP) Award 2016 for YJACK
2016: Appointed Advisory Panel Member for Construction Industry Competency Blueprint, CIDB Malaysia
Mr. Wai is the Founder and Executive Vice President (Technical) of the company for all the technical cum operational matters.
He has 25 year experiences in static and dynamic pile testing, and became Certified Pile Test Engineer (Advance Level) in 2004,
accredited by Deep Foundations Institute, United States (DFI/USA).
He is the inventor and has the technical know-how of the YJACK. He leads a team of engineers and technicians in Asia Pacific
Countries in the productions and installations of the YJACK.
As an entrepreneur, Mr. Wai had established good reputations and contacts with governments, clients, contractors and
counterparts in the industry. His technical expertise is beyond doubt in the pile testing industry. He is always the point of
reference for the consultants and engineers if any issue pertaining to the pile testing arises.
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 16
Method Statement Serial #: YJMY/BDPLT-A001
Method Statement #: 2
Revision #: 0
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven piles.
Page | 17
ANNEXURE
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
YCELL Product Specifications ANNEXURE O
Norminal Pressure
Tested Pressure
Outer Diameter
Nominal Force
Effective Area
Physical Area
YCELL Model
YCELL Series
Jack Height
Wall Thick
D T H H1 W A Ae F P P1
mm mm mm mm kg mm2 mm2 kN MPa MPa
YCELL 325 4GYJ2D325 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 1,350 20.0 22.0
YCELL 325 4GYJ2D325s 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 1,650 24.4 26.9
YCELL 325 4GYJ3D325 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 2,000 29.6 32.6
YCELL 325 4GYJ4D325 325 10 140 120 28 73,062 67,500 2,800 41.5 45.6
YCELL 425 4GYJ2D425 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 2,350 20.0 22.0
YCELL 425 4GYJ2D425s 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 2,600 22.1 24.3
YCELL 425 4GYJ3D425 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 3,000 25.5 28.1
YCELL 425 4GYJ4D425 425 14 140 120 46 123,786 117,500 3,800 32.3 35.6
YCELL 500 4GYJ2D500 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 3,100 21.3 23.4
YCELL 500 4GYJ2D500s 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 4,050 27.8 30.6
YCELL 500 4GYJ3D500 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 4,950 34.0 37.4
YCELL 500 4GYJ4D500 500 25 140 120 88 159,044 145,500 5,800 39.9 43.8
YCELL 340 4GYJ5D340 340 18 140 120 40 72,584 67,500 3,100 45.9 50.5
YCELL 440 4GYJ5D440 440 22 140 120 60 123,163 117,500 5,300 45.1 49.6
YCELL 510 4GYJ5D510 510 30 140 120 100 159,044 145,500 6,900 47.4 52.2
DONUT 665 4GYJDN665 665 30 140 120 200 hole = 340 153,500 6,900 45.0 49.4
DONUT 800 4GYJDN800 800 55 140 120 300 hole = 340 233,500 10,500 45.0 49.5
Effective Date: 20180601
AUTHORIZED BY: YJACK TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD YCELL TYPE PROJECT ID: YJMY-YCELLPRODUCTSPECIFICATIONS
CHECKED BY: ELLAINE TSEN SCALE: 1:25 (A4) ISSUED DATE (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/06/01
YJACK Balance Level Computation ANNEXURE A
Testpile ID: BP1200 Pile Type = Bored Pile
Ground Level 0.0 m Pile Diameter, D = 1.20 m
Cut-Off Level 0.0 m Working Load, WL = 11360 kN
Safety Factor (F.O.S) = 2
Test Load, TL = 22720 kN
Apply Load in F(1D), AL = 1*WL = 11360 kN
Upper Friction, F(upper) L(upper) = 19.3 m
Soil friction Coefficient, Ks = 2.0
Soil base Coefficient, Kb = 30.0
F.O.S (friction) = 2.0
YJACK Level YJACK Type B 19.3 m F.O.S (base bearing) = 2.0
Lower Friction, F(lower) L(lower) = 2.0 m Ult Soil Friction, fss (Limit) = 200 kN/m2
Ult Rock Friction, fsr (Limit) = 744 kN/m2
Toe Level 21.3 m Ult Base Bearing in Soil, fbs (Limit) = N/A kN/m2
Base Bearing, E(base) Ult Base Bearing in Rock, fbr (Limit) = 5854 kN/m2
Balance Equation: F(upper) = F(lower) + E(base) Proposed Balance Level at Depth = 19.3 m
Notes:
Rock socket length = 6.6m
Hit rock = 14.7m
To ignore soil friction
YJACK Test Pile BP1500mm; Working Load 11,360kN; Test Load 22,720kN
Project: Sample Method Statement @ BP1200 (sample)
AUTHORIZED BY: YJACK TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD YJACK TYPE B PROJECT ID: YJMY-SAMPLE-BP1200
CHECKED BY: ELLAINE TSEN SCALE: 1:25 (A4) ISSUED DATE (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/08/11
YJACK Loading Schedule Table ANNEXURE D
Testpile Data YJACK Data
Pile Type: Bored Pile YCELL Model: 4GYJ3D325
Pile Size: 1,200 mm YCELL Stroke: 80 mm
Test Load of 1*WL in F(BD): 11,360 kN YCELL Capacity in F(BD): 4,000 kN
Test Load of 2*WL in F(BD): 22,720 kN YCELL Effective Area: 67,500 mm2
Test Load of 3*WL in F(BD): N/A kN YCELL Quantity: 6 NOS
Apply Load at 1*WL in F(1D): 5,680 kN YJACK Capacity in F(BD): 24,000 kN
Apply Load at 2*WL in F(1D): 11,360 kN YJACK Effective Area: 405,000 mm2
Apply Load at 3*WL in F(1D): N/A kN YJACK Effective Diameter: 718 mm
Loading Schedule Table for Maintain Load Test (MLT) using YJACK Type B (sample)
Working Apply Pressure Pressure Holding Read Test Remarks
Load Load in F(1D) Reading Reading Time Time Load F(BD)
(%) (kN) (N/mm²) (BAR) (min)* (min) (kN)
25 1,420 3.5 35.1 20 0,10,20 2,840
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
75 4,260 10.5 105.2 20 0,10,20 8,520
100 5,680 14.0 140.2 360 0,15,30,45,60 11,360
75 4,260 10.5 105.2 20 0,10,20 8,520
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
25 1,420 3.5 35.1 20 0,10,20 2,840
0 0 0.0 0.0 60 0,15,30,45,60 0
25 1,420 3.5 35.1 20 0,10,20 2,840
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
75 4,260 10.5 105.2 20 0,10,20 8,520
100 5,680 14.0 140.2 20 0,10,20 11,360
125 7,100 17.5 175.3 20 0,10,20 14,200
150 8,520 21.0 210.4 20 0,10,20 17,040
175 9,940 24.5 245.4 20 0,10,20 19,880
200 11,360 28.0 280.5 720 0,15,30,45,60 22,720
150 8,520 21.0 210.4 20 0,10,20 17,040
100 5,680 14.0 140.2 20 0,10,20 11,360
50 2,840 7.0 70.1 20 0,10,20 5,680
0 0 0.0 0.0 60 0,15,30,45,60 0
* 60 min or settlement rate less than 0.25mm/hr (whichever longer) 1520 test duration in minutes
25.33 test duration in hours
WL: Working Load; BD: Bi-directional load; 1D: Single or uni-directional load
YJACK Test Pile BP1200mm; Working Load 11,360kN; Test Load 22,720kN
Project: Sample Method Statement @ BP1200 (sample)
AUTHORIZED BY: YJACK TECHNOLOGY SDN BHD YJACK TYPE B PROJECT ID: YJMY-SAMPLE-BP1200
PREPARED BY: AMIRUDDIN AHMAD YJACK LOADING SCHEDULE DOCUMENT ID: YJMY-20180801-ST-01-V00
CHECKED BY: ELLAINE TSEN SCALE: 1:25 (A4) ISSUED DATE (yyyy/mm/dd): 2018/08/01
ANNEXURE E
ANNEXURE E
ANNEXURE E
ANNEXURE E
ANNEXURE E
China Intell-Equipment Designer Co Ltd (OEM of Piston Jack and Flat Jack)
No 4, Dongdajie, Gangkouzhen, Changping District, Beijing, PR China, Postcode: 102202
Piston Jack Manufacturer since 2006 | Flat Jack Manufacturer since 2010 (Patent #: CN201694784U)
OJACK Pile Test Service Provider since 2006 | YJACK Pile Test Service Provider since 2010
20 1357
1000
24 1640
800
600
400
200
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
Pressure (MPa)
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
RESUME 20180101
Mr. WAI/YEE KONG (2421256536@qq.com)
Personal Details
Professional Competency
Year of Birth: 1967
Pile Test Engineer Address Line1: 16, Jalan 5/108C, Taman Sungai Besi
Competency Level: L8 (highest) Address Line2: 57100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Email: yekong2012@gmail.com | yekong2012@live.com
Pile Test Skill Website: www.YJACKpiletest.com
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
_______________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: The innovative pile testing that is categorized as a bi-directional test method (BD) obtained worldwide
popularity for very large pile load design. For pile load design exceeded test load of 30,000kN, BD is a practical and an
economical type of static load test method (SL). Presently, the most popular BD technology is using O-cell which was
introduced by Prof Osterberg in 1989. O-cell or mechanically called as O-Jack is a piston type hydraulic jack which is
embedded in the test pile for static load test. Load is applied bi-directionally from the jack to simulate static load test
using the top load method. In year 2007, Y-Jack is an innovative jack specially designed for BD static load test. It is
invented and named by Engineer Yu. Technically, Y-Jack is conceptually different in design compared to O-Jack with
more advantages. Functionality, both jacks are the same, i.e. to conduct BD pile test. The type of Y-Jack is a capsule
hydraulic jack, instead of piston hydraulic jack. This technical paper will introduce Y-Jack technology and its
installations and some comparisons to O-Jack.
Keywords: pile test, load test, pile load test, hydraulic jack, piston jack, capsule jack, static pile test, dynamic pile test
THE PILING AND TESTING DEVELOPMENT method is almost impossible due to technical constraints
and economical considerations.
Pile foundation has been widely used worldwide In order to solve pile testing problem on large cast in-
since thousands years ago. In convention, piling is a situ piles, a new technology was introduced in three (3)
terminology used in pile foundation for piles installed by decades ago by installing a hydraulic jack embedded in
pile driving hammers. Since last century, piling included the pile to conduct the pile load test. This new test
cast in-situ and injection piles. method is named as bi-directional pile load test (BD).
For driven piles installed by pile driving hammers, Table 1 is a glance on piling and testing methods.
the piling industry already gone through four (4) major
development (Wai, 2003), i.e.:-. Table 1. A Glance on Piling and Testing Methods
- Development 1: pile as rigid body Piling and Testing Methods vs. Test Load
- Development 2: impulse-momentum theory (1930s) SL+HS
- Development 3: wave mechanics theory (1960s) driven
- Development 4: impact load theory (2000s) SL+HS HS
For cast in-situ piles such as bored piles and caissons, driven (steel/offshore)
the trend of pile design became bigger and higher load SL+HS BD
since three (3) decades ago with following pile design bored piles
classifications:- SL+HS BD
- Small piles: test load less than 30,000kN caisson
- Large piles: test load more than 30,000kN 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 kN
1|Page
M
e
c _______________________________________________________
h
a Proceedings of International Conference Pile 2013, June 2-4 2013
n _______________________________________________________
i WHAT IS BD PILE TEST results and the simulated SL test results will be
s illustrated in Figure 3(A) and 3(B).
m
A sacrificial and embedded hydraulic jack is cast
2 within the pile body.
o Upon application of load, the pile is separated into
i two sections and load is applied to both sections
l simultaneously and reacting against each other in two
directions; upward against upper skin friction and
f downward against base end bearing and lower skin
u
friction as illustrated in Figure 1.
l
l
y pile top
section
o
c upper
c skin friction
u
p
Figure 3(A). BD Load-Displacement Plot
y
embedded (Singapore Standard CP4: 2003)
t BD-jack
h
e pile bottom lower
section skin friction
b
l base
a end bearing
d
d Figure 1. BD Loading Mechanism
e Figure 3(B). Simulated SL Load-Displacement Plot
r (Singapore Standard CP4: 2003)
Practically, the BD pile test does not require reaction
beams, anchor piles or Kendledge during load applying.
However, technically BD is equivalent to SL test method.
THE HISTORY OF BD PILE TEST
In other words, BD simulates the SL results.
The BD is the test method used to conduct SL pile
load test. The hydraulic jack embedded in the pile to
conduct BD test is called as BD-jack.
Since the introduction of BD pile test in three (3)
decades ago, there are three (3) types of BD-jack:-
(1) Tomer Method (www.tomer-systems.com)
This is patented technology in Europe in the year
1978. However, this method is less popular
worldwide.
(2) Osterberg Method, O-Jack (Osterberg 1989)
This is patented technology in the USA in the
year 1989. Since then, it becomes worldwide
popularity. It is using friction sealing
Figure 2. Analogy of SL to be BD Test
components such as commonly used in
hydraulic jack.
With the analogy, as illustrated in Figure 2, if the SL
(3) Yu Method, Y-Jack (Yu 2007)
reaction system (either Kentledge or anchor piles)
This is patented technology in China in the year
covered by soil and apply loading, the system becomes
2007. Since then, it has become very popular in
bi-directional (BD). The hydraulic jack in SL test
China due to many advantages and cost
becomes BD-jack.
effective. It is using flexible capsule for sealing
The load applying on BD is exactly same as SL test
with a mechanism similar to basketball bladder.
method with designated loading steps. The BD test
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Mechanism 1
pump oil into the concrete at pile
Figure 4. Y-Jack Cross-Section Details bladder body is intact
Mechanism 2
THE Y-JACK LOADING MECHANISM oil fully occupy concrete will split
the bladder at split zone
Y-Jack is designed to load low pressure (20-30MPa)
onto pile body to ensure the pressure applied on the pile
is less than the pile structural capacity. Mechanism 3
In practice, many piles were designed as a high high oil pressure pile body split to
open up the shells sections
concrete material, but the pile actual strength usually
does not meet the designed value due to the complex
positions of the BD-jack and low flow-ability of Figure 6. Y-Jack Loading Mechanism
sediments. Therefore, the safe loading is essential in BD
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after loading
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THE DIFFERENT OF Y-JACK AND O-JACK - Pile Type: cast in-situ bored pile
- Pile Length: 54.0m
Technically, Y-Jack is conceptually different in - Pile Diameter: 1200mm
design compared to O-Jack with more advantages. - BD Location: 35m from top
Functionally, both jacks are the same, i.e. to conduct BD - Working Load: 8,000kN (800T)
pile test. - Test Load (ult.): 16,000kN (1,600T)
The Y-Jack and O-Jack have three (3) major - Factor of Safety: 2.0
differences:-
(1) Mechanical Design Y-Jacks are produced in standardized mass
production. Table 2 is the sample specification table of
Y-Jack.
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CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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ATTACHMENT C
YJACK | World Patent. The bi-directional pile test for bored and driven pile.
YJACK | World’s Patent. The best bi-directional pile test on bored and driven piles.