TECHNOLOGY POSTIVE

a) Modern technology has made education global in its nature and scope.
b) Modern technology has made life easier and comfortable.
c) Modern technology has leapt into every sphere of human life.
d) Every human being, in one way or the other, is dependent on modern
technology.
e) Compilation and distribution of information is much easier with computer
and internet.
f) Helpful in dangerous tasks and experiments.
g) The efficiency of work place improves amazingly with the help of intelligent
machines.
h) In the past , every task warranted physical exertion-travelling on foot,
carrying freight.
i) In many spheres of life, technology is assisting or totally replacing human
labor.
j) In the past , people had a hectic and tiresome life.
k) Presently, even layman enjoys the fruit of modern technology in his day to
day life.
l) It is the responsibility of people to make wise use of these
inventions.(modern inventions)
m) Children get more knowledge at an early age through modern
communication devices.
n) Technology helps to save time and energy.
o) Modern world is dominated by technology, and the era is marked by
technological advancement.
p) To begin with ,in the world of globalization, technology has a vital role to
play.
q) All the modern comforts of daily living are only possible due to ever
developing technology.
r) Moreover, technology has engulfed this world like the canopy of trees in a
forest.
s) The world will look like a body without a soul if technology is removed from
the scene.
t) Technology has greatly improved the way we get information.
u) In total, it is evident that technology has dramatically increased the
quantity and quality of information we get.
v) Modern technology allows wider communication and interaction.
w) Human life changes along with technology advancements.
x) Modern technology is rapidly changing the world’s living standards, thus
creating a single world culture.
y) To sum up, modern technology has a great impact on the way people live
now.
z) Modern technology is creating a single world culture where traditions and
distances are no longer prominent.
aa)In sum and substance , it can be said that the application of modern
technology in life is an inescapable inevitability.

NEGATIVE
a) All modern inventions have negative impact on nature in the short or long
term.
b) However, it is true that every man made thing has a negative impact.
c) Modern technology cannot share and express emotions and feelings.
d) As everybody knows science and technology can never touch or express the
emotional content of life.
e) Modern entertainment makes people introverts and
Isolated.(entertainment related to technology)
 Ins and out To know every Technology has
Phrase detail helped us to know
about ins and outs
of the universe.

I In the long run Eventually, finally

D
A bed of roses Easy and pleasant situation Technology has made
I life a bed of roses.

By leaps and bounds swiftly With the introduction

O
of technology, the
M world is progressing by
leaps and bounds.
S
On the spur of the moment Spontaneous or sudden It is possible to get
undertaking information via
internet, on the spur of
the moment.
 Necessity is the mother of Man has made dams and produced improved seeds to feed the
P all inventions teeming millions on the earth. It is because necessity is the
R mother of invention.
Beneath the rose lies a A danger can emerge even in a most comfortable situation as
O serpent beneath the rose lies the serpent.
As you sow, so shall you Mr. Mac made his son a hardcore militant but same boy shot him
V reap. a day back. It is true that as you sow, so shall you reap.
E Fifty percent of something One should feel happy contented with what one has. It is useful
is better than 100% of to realize to that fifty percent of something is better than 100% of
R nothing nothing.
B Necessity knows no law If you are desperate, you may have to do illegal things .He lost his
job, his kids needed food and clothes and it seemed like best way
S to get money was to deal in illegal drugs as necessity knows no
law.
 EDUCATION POSTIVE

a) Education ,a moot issue everywhere, is undergoing tremendous changes to

meet new challenges.
b) The primary purpose of education is to make people skilled and competed
in decision making.
c) Although formal education begins in a classroom, home is the place where
one learns the lessons of life.
d) Education widens a person’s mental horizon.
e) education is must in today’s age.
f) In today’s age, it is necessary for each and every person ti realize the value
of education.
g) In today’s era, man can stand nowhere without education.
h) Education is a basic requirement to live a good life.
i) Education can make people aware of the need to lead healthy life.
j) Schools are much necessary to make the students strong.
k) Education is necessary to make people good citizens.
l) Education increases health awareness, reduced diseases, and make people
aware about the social issues.
m) First of all, general education is very necessary for the overall development
of a nation.
n) There are certain spheres of education in which every individual must have
basic knowledge.
o) Education people are more productive , highly inventive, good
entrepreneurs, and have less health problems.
p) Nation’s economy will make benefits in the term through education.
q) Education should be free only for economically backward sections of the
society.
r) Evaluation of teachers by students helps teachers to understand their
effectiveness.
s) Evaluation develops professionalism among teachers.
t) Evaluation of teachers improves quality of education.
u) Educations helps people to avoid fatal mistakes in the business and
investment plans.
v) Education is a golden key that can open any door.
w) Education is a never ending process.
x) Education can be taken for the sake of knowledge not merely for job.
y) By education new knowledge appears in every second.
z) An educated population will be healthy, disciplined, inventive and skillful.
aa)Education provides multifaceted benefits.
bb) Education provides multifaceted benefits.
cc) Examinations are opportunity to prove caliber.

NEGATIVE
a) Many people depend on expensive private education as their governments
are unable to provide education. Also many people are unable to get
education for the same reason.
b) Free education can cause economic burden.
c) It is accepted fact that in developing and underdeveloped countries, a
major proportion of people remains uneducated.
d) Providing free education can make a hole in the pocket of the government.
e) Sometimes self selected subjects without guidelines of anybody can be
wastage of time and money.
I Better late than never It implies that a belated achievement is better than not reaching a goal at all.

D A weight on your shoulders You have to deal with something or you have to worry about something.
I
O Quit dragging your feet Stop stalling or delaying a task, just complete that task.

M Cut throat competition Very intense or severe competition.

S
P Kalidas stated that ‘examinations Something you don’t like but which you know must happen.
are necessary evils’ Students consider examinations are necessary evil.
R
It is useless to cry split milk You didn’t work hard, so you failed in the examination. Now what good
O can weeping bring to you? Keep mum, because it is useless to cry over
V split milk.
No pain no gain One who does work hard will not get success in the examinations
E because no pain, no gain.
R What cannot be cured must be The manager has ordered me to come half an hour before the office
B endured. time.I have to obey him because what cannot be cured must be
endured.
s

Books are the best friend of human beings.

PHRASES
Education is the third eye of human being.
SPORTS POSITIVE

a) Many people all over the world enjoy different types of sports.
b) Recently successful people in the field of sports are able to earn
amount of money.
c) Games are not to win but for fun.
d) Games are meant to socialize and communicate, winning is not a
concern.
e) Games are a way to understand the abilities and disabilities and to
improve oneself.
f) Games have been a part of human life since time immemorial.
g) Games are considered to be one of the most effective ways to
eliminate stress, tension and to learn many skills.
h) Playing game is a perfect way to gain more knowledge and
experience.
i) Mental and physical games help to develop brain and body.
j) Mental games improve the ability to think logically, make conclusions
and analyze.
k) Physical games help to strengthen bones, develop muscles and
improve health.
l) Like any other walk of human life, sports and games too under go
many changes.
m) The new trend of ‘cheer leaders’ in sports grounds also has gained
the approval of many and the wrath of many.
n) For some people the purpose of sports and games is just the
entertainment.
o) It can be said that the new trend of cheerleaders is never a bane.
p) Outdoor games are more beneficial to children’s health.
q) Outdoor games not only instill agility and endurance, but also teach
children to socialize and make friends.
 r) One cannot ignore the fact that some types of indoor computer
games can be very intelligent and may contain huge educational
potential.
s) While playing outdoor games, children get exposure to fresh
air and sunlight.
t) Outdoor games help to the extra calories, boots metabolism and
strengthens their immune system.

NAGATIVE
a) Cheerleaders are a distraction according to some people, especially at very
important moments.
b) Cheerleaders have no connection with the real purpose of sports and games.
c) However, there are instances when sporting events, instead of improving
relations, worsened the situation through events like players of one country
getting abused and manhandled in another country.
d) Sometimes big sports events cause fights between spectators.
e) Children’s dependence on electronic entertainment sources has frightened
many people.
f) Allowing children to spend time outdoors without proper supervision of
parents has adverse effects.
g) Big sports events can cause big troubles like terrorist attacks.
I
Another string to your Another skill or ability
D bow
I
To be on the bell To be sharp and to know everything that’s happening
O

M Nip the evil in the bud Stop in the beginning it self

S

The name of the game Core priority; example- seed is the name of game in athletics

P Practice makes a man perfect- you will become better if you practice.

R (the tennis player believes that practice makes man a perfect and spends every evening playing tennis.)

V
All is well that ends well
E
(if things are good at the end of some situation then we should be satisfied with these results.
R

S
 Alive and kicking Sports help us to stay alive and kicking
In good health
PHRASES
Bury the Sports help in burying the hatchet
hatchet To make up or give up
enmity with someone
CHILDREN POSTIVE
a) Levels of depression and anti social behavior in children have
increased dramatically in modern societies.
b) Youth people deserve the best possible chance to do well at
school.
c) Generally, the way parents bring up their children varies
greatly depending on the region, religion and personal outlook
of parents.
d) The nearest adults to children are parents so children easily
imitate them.
e) Setting a practical example is the best most powerful method
of teaching.(by parents)
f) In total, children are like young trees, they need to be carefully
irrigated, fertilized and trimmed. Parent’s behavior will be
greatly helpful to shape them into useful adults.
g) In these days there are is a considerable improvement in
concern about child education.
h) People have realized the influence of family environment on
the nature of children.
i) A child who is born in a poor family will have situations where
has he has to solve a problem or make a decision on his own.
j) Experience is the best teacher.
k) Parents are more experienced and are able to plan for the long
term.
l) Teenagers are more influenced by hormone and feeling than
by brain and rational thinking.
m) Children get more knowledge at an early age through modern
communication devices.
n) These days better education and job opportunities are at an
early age.
o) Youngsters are less dependent on old people for money or
advice.
p) The nature of children has made a sea change in the past few
decades.
q) Changes in young people are an unavoidable result of the
changes in lifestyle and technology.
r) Cooperation is an important skill required for the future life of
all children.
s) Sometimes competition helps children to improve
performance.
t) The purpose of leisure activities for children is to provide relief
from the boredom of daily routine.
u) No leisure activity is wastage of time. There is something to
learn from all activities for all children.
v) There should be a balance between leisure time and
homework.
w) By homework, young people learn how to arrange their time
to have all things done in time.
x) It is an accepted fact that children’s mind is highly receptive.
y) Parents are totally responsible to take decisions to keep their
children healthy.
z) Parents should teach children moral values.
aa)Parents should provide children less fatty items.
 NEGATIVE
a) Forcing academic studies onto them would lead to failure and the
students leaving school too early.(increase in early dropout rates)
b) Strict rules give birth to respectful children who stay away from
social evils but are heavily dependent on parents for decision
making.
c) Free children become independent in short time but are likely to
fall into social evils.
d) Teenagers are more likely to disobey their parents simply because
they want to be independent.
e) Most children adopt the religion, value and even bad habits of their
parents.
f) Rich children too get good education and learn about life, but they
do not face the actual problems. They get only bookish knowledge.
g) These youngsters are criticized on the ground that they are more
being more and more lazy and disrespectful.
h) When working stay away from home, children are deprived of care
and affection, this leads to juvenile delinquency.
i) Too much of homework can hamper the physical and mental
growth of children.
j) Children are mature enough to think logically.
 Born with a silver spoon in mouth Born in wealth and luxury It is impossible for children born
I with a silver spoon in mouth to
D Get on one’s nerve Cause worry
face real hardships of life.
The noisy children get on my
I nerves.
Try one’s hand Attempt , test one’s ability He has tried his hands on many
O jobs.
M Eager beaver A person who is excited about
doing certain work
Children are almost like eager
beavers.
S Breath down one’s neck Watch every action close-1 can’t work with you breathing down my neck
all the time. Go away.
 All work , no play makes It is not healthy to spend all of your time working and never spend time relaxing
P jack a doll boy or playing.
R The parents always wanted their children to study and did not realize that all
work a and no play make junk a dull boy.
O Spare the rod, spoil the Sometimes you must physically punish a child in order to teach him or her to
V child behave properly.
The parents supported some physical punishment for their children and
E believed that if you spare the rod you will spoil the child.
Like father like son A boy is often to his father.
R The boy always copied his father. It was very much like father like, like son.
B
Child is a father of man People’s personalities from when they are children.
S A person will have the same qualities as an adult that he or she as a child.

P
H
R
A Encouragement The AIDS campaign got a shot in the arm when the big celebrities came
impetus forward to support it.
S
A short in the
E
arm
 ANIMALS POSTIVE

a) Animals share many feature with humans

b) Most people think animal Testing is necessary.

c)Many medical treatments and procedures are developed through experiments

on animals.
d) Without animal testing, many procedures of new drugs would be extremely
unsafe.

e) Human life is important than animal life so it’s become necessary to depend on
animal testing for life saving medicines.

f) Animals should be treated as mercifully as possible.

g) Close relationship with pets is mutually beneficial.

h) People do not feel lonely in the presence of animals. .

i) Animals (pet) are wonderful companions offering unlimited love and loyalty.

j) Animals presence reduces tensions and worries.

k) Children grow up kinder and friendlier towards fellow being as they see parents
caring animals. Also, pets teach people , especially children, devotion and
kindness.
l) Pets deserver the best we can offer them.

m) It is necessary to protect all animals for the welfare of humans.

n) It is the need of today to preserved the wildlife.

o) Natural habitat must be preserved(forest)

p) It is necessary to recognize the need to save wild life in time otherwise an

imbalance can lead to serious consequence resulting in environmental hazards.

q) The government must take stringent steps to save the wildlife.

r) All animals are necessary part of the environment.

s) It is necessary to keep animals in zoos for the purpose of preservation of

animals, not for the sake of entertainment.
t) Animals can be cared and protected in zoos.

u) Many people think that to put animals into small cages will change
their living instincts, and therefore break the ecological balance.

v) Animals should have equal freedom to human beings.

w)The circus is another arena in which human beings abuse the animals.
NEGATIVE

a) Every year many animals undergo painful suffering or death as a result of

scientific research into the effects of drugs, food activities, cosmetics and
other chemical products.
b) Without pilot testing on animals, medical produces and new drug
development becomes impossible.
c) Many people believe that animals are suffering unnecessarily and cruelly.
d) Animals should not be used for testing non-essential things like
shampoos, sops.
e) Keeping pets involve lots of money, time and effort as they must be well-
fed, well-sheltered and property taken care of.
f) Pets can spread some diseases including rabies and various allergies if not
handled properly.
g) The extinction of wild animals is one of the major concerns alarming the
nations worldwide.
h) Any imbalance in nature will affect humans adversely.
i) The wildlife is struggling to live because of the destruction of nature
habitats.(cleaning forests)
j) It is time to start saving wildlife now as the situation is worsening every
moment.
k) It is generally seen that many animal species are endangered and many
others have already become extinct due to excessive hunting and habitat
destruction.
l) According to some, meat and other animal products are a part of human
diet since the beginning of human civilization.
m) Animals, like human beings, can feel fair, stress, exhaustion and pain.
n) Using animals in sports and entertainment is an abuse of our position of
responsibility and brutalizes society towards animals and nature.
 Flora and fauna Plant and animal life In geography, we read about the
I of a region flora and fauna of every part of the
world.

D Get down to brass

tacks
To start considering
the basic facts or
Government should get down to
brass tacks, in order to preserve the
practical details of biodiversity.
I A crying need
something
A great and urgent There is a crying need for more

O Do a yeomen
need
Do very good,
liquidity in the system.
He has done yeomen service for the
service mostly welfare animals.
M Delve into
service
To try hard to find The inquiry will delve into poaches

S something out more

information about
past activities.

something.

P It is never too late to apologize for something

R
you have done or try to repair something you
It is never to late to mend have done wrong.
O
To live and let live Not to interfere in other’s life or preferences.
V

S
PHRASES Flux and reflux Controversy There is a great flux and reflux
about animal rights

Man’s best friend Dogs, books

o)
p)
q) like human beings, can feel fear, stress, exhaustion and pain.
r) Using animals in sports and entertainment is an abuse of our position of
responsibility and brutalizes society towards animals nature.
 Flux and reflux controversy There is great flux and
reflux about animal rights

PHRASES Man’s best friend Dogs, books

 FOOD

a) Food habits are changing rapidly over the world.

b) Manufactured food is replacing home made food everywhere.
c) Modern cooking equipments made cooking much easier and faster.
d) Now it is possible to have more time for leisure and socialization as cooking
time is reduced.
e) Now any one can taste different and delicious food items from all over the
world.
f) Since technology makes cooking so much faster, people are willing to make
several dishes for even a small meal.
g) The children of today are very fond of fast and fizzy drinks.
h) People should follow natural method food production, such as organic
farming, even this means to produce food less efficiently.
i) In order to improve public health, government should require
manufactures to add nutrients to their products.
j) It is better for the environment to produce food using fewer chemicals such
as pesticides and herbicides.
k) Naturally produced food tastes better than food produced using more
artificial methods.
l) Educate children about healthy eating.
m) Television advertising showing long term consequences of unhealthy diet.
n) Fast food home delivery services are also available across the globe.
o) Homemade food is far better than fast food.
p) Due to recent developments in the farming technology the food producing
process is getting more economical and productive.
q) Enhancement in technology has always helped in deepenind the
understanding of the food that we eat.
r) Particularly healthy food options can be searched and made available to
the people who are in medical need of the same.
s) Fast food chains are spreading in the developing world.
t) Fast food is cheaper than dining out at big hotels.
u) Fast food introduces people to dishes that their parents generation has
never enjoyed.
v) From the point of view of health, fast food is not a good idea.
w) To make fast food tastier ,they add an excess amount of fat in preparing
fast food.
x) The priority of fast food producers cannot be anything else but profit.
y) Manufacturers of fast food add coolers, preservatives and tastemakers,
which often cause ill health.
z) Taking fast food occasionally is a welcome change.
aa)However, processed food is not as healthy as traditional food.
bb) Unfortunately, pre-processed food has vitamins and minerals than
traditional food.
cc) The overdose of calorie-rich diet followed by no physical exercise to burn
these calories can be held responsible for this serious problem.(pizza,
burger, noodles, potato chips, Ice-cream and cold drinks.
dd) The problem of rising levels of obesity in many parts of the world
is mainly due to people’s lack of knowledge about food and nutrition.
ee) Because fast food is generally unhealthy, governments should
regulate the fast food industry in the same way as they regulate the alcohol
and tobacco industries.
ff) Convenience food will become become increasingly prevalent and
eventually replace traditional methods of food preparation.
gg) Producing food less efficiently could lead to food shortage.
hh) Man-made chemicals used in modern methods of food
production could be harmful to human health.
 ii) Fast food is an alternative and is not viable for daily routine.
jj) People around the world are trying to find a solution to unhealthy weight
gained by consumption of junk foods.
kk) Increasing prices of junk food are not going to decrease their consumption.
ll) Fertilizers can affect the consumption of food and can reduce the nutritive
value of the food.
mm) The food we eat has been transformed to a great extent with the
help of new technology.

Bread and butter One’s livelihood Poor people struggle really hard to earn their bread
I and butter.
Make ones mouth Tempt to eat Her continental dishes make my mouth water
D water
Sell like hot cakes To sell quickly or in great Fast foods are selling like hot cakes
I numbers
 Have a birds Eat very little Don’t plan a grand menu for me, I have bird’s
O appetite appetite.
Clamp down To take strict action in order Government recent clam down on shop keepers
M to prevent something selling adulterated food has been welcome by
consumers.
S
P Eat to live ,not live to eat Do not be gluttonous. Eating should not be your favorite activity, but
something you do to maintain your health.
R
Eat to live, not live to eat was doctors advice to overweight MAC.
O
One man’s meat another What is good for one person may be bad or unsuitable for another person.
V
man’s poison
Some people like to eat fish, other people may hate fish.
E

S
P Feel the Suffer shortage With rising inflation under developing countries feel the pinch of food
pinch
R

S
 MEDIA

a) Media creates celebrities and help them to continue as celebrities.

b) The relation between celebrities and media is, an ambiguous one.
c) Media should be more sensitive towards peeping into the lives of famous
people.
d) It is an accepted fact in the modern world, media gas grown omnipotent
and omnipresent.
e) Media has the power to elevate anyone to the zenith of publicity intently
instantly and to dethrone and push him into oblivion in the next moment.
f) Media should be more careful and respectful.
g) Media is the only way for a layman to have access to national and
international affairs.
h) It has often been said that Good news is bad news’ because it does not rise
circulation.
i) General public is provided biased news, which they savor delightfully.
j) Social, political and religious pressure.
k) Reporting real world events is an honest and objective light has become
almost impossible.
l) News papers are cheap, easy to handle and carry. we can take them
anywhere with us and read.
m) Most people of the world access and rely heavily on electronic and print
media.
n) Some people assert that providing detailed descriptions helps in creating
awareness in the people.
o) In the past, it was even hard for the kings to convey the important
messages to the people of their kingdom.
p) In modern times, important news related to a common man can be
conveyed just in a few seconds.
q) By media experts throw light on complex.
r) Media also keep a check on the people in power so that they cannot misuse
their power.
s) Media also stands by the people in bringing about justice to them.
t) It is the moral responsibility of the media not to misuse its freedom.
u) First and the foremost duty of a news –editor is to present the truth.
v) It is the responsibility of the news-editor to present the news in such a way
that the sentiments of no community are hurt.
w) Irresponsible and biased attitude of media can prove to be disastrous for
the society.
x) It is a fact that we are getting used to bad news.
 y) There are so many factors influencing the news editor.

P Bad news travel fast People are quicker to pass on bad news than good news.
Bad news travel fats as the man heard about the job layoffs a week before the
R official announcement.
O Great cry little wool Lot of excitement over something insignificant
V Barometer of social Analyzing the social situations.
E activities
R
B
S
 Plays a paramount role in Important role Media plays a paramount role in life
I life
D
Add fuel to fire Incite, to worsen The politician’s speech was intended to add fuel to fire
I matters
O
M Between the devil and deep A difficult choice, in a The news editors have to select news carefully; as such
blue sea desperate dilemma they are caught between the devil and the deep blue
S sea.
Hawk eyed Keen sighted Very little misses the hawk eye media these days.

Hit the bull’s eye To be exactly Media should try to hit the bulls eye when they take up
any social issue.
P Bone of pick A reason for conflict My hostile neighbor always has some or the other bone
H to pick with me.
R
A Change ones tune To change ones After suffering losses in the share market, yogesh change
S thinking or words his tune about the necessity of investing in shares.
E
S
 WOMAN

a) Traditional females are considered as inferior to men.

b) Man has been dominating all occupations as a monopoly until very
recently
c) From the social point of view, discrimination has no room in a
democratic society.
d) Even in highly liberal societies, females are less in higher level jobs.
e) Reservation should not be based on gander but on merit.
f) Even in this 21st century, the discrimination females face in the
workplace.
g) The position of women in society has changed markedly in last 20
years.
h) Women have advanced markedly in social life.
i) Working women have less time to look after their children.
j) Some people allege that problems like child delinquency are the result
of change in the position of women.
k) A nation can progress only when females read, write, work and brcome
independent.
l) Since our existence we have been dividing mankind into two genders in
countless ways.
m)Flexibility should be provided to woman for working hours.
n) Feminism is the struggle of women for equal rights and opportunities as
available to men.
o) Today, both genders are capable of doing everything with great
efficiency.
p) For centuries men have been dominating women.
q) Feminism is gaining relevance because of human rights.
r) Feminism must transform the lives of ordinary women in developing
countries to reach its zenith(=great prosperity)
s) Gender equality was unthinkable in the past.
t) Even the progressive and developed societies are not free gender bias.
u) Gender bias is the root cause of many social evil in the world.
v) Many societies are not free from superstitions, let alone gender bias.
w) Progressive education and an awareness of human rights will reduce
gender bias.
x) The earlier we overcome the bane called gender bias, the better it is for
humanity.
y) As long as woman are not assertive, gender bias will prevail.
z) From the point of view of human rights, woman have equal as men
have in doing what they prefer do.
 aa) In modern society men and women can and they must rub
shoulders

FEMALE FOETICIDE Sex-selective abortion (also referred to as son preference or

female deselect ion) are methods of sex-selection

 Female feticide is aborting the female baby in the mother’s womb.

 People both in rural as well as in urban areas have to be made aware about
the need at a female child in the social milieu as that of a son.
 High fines and judicial action ‘parents’ who knowingly try to kill their
unborn baby.
  Cancellation/permanent termination of the doctor’s license who part takes
in fulfilling a client’s demand to do away with her girl child.

A pain in the neck Someone or something that is very Eve teasing is a pain in the neck for
I annoying girls
D Close one’s eyes ignore Many people close their eyes to
physical assault of women
I Tooth and nail With great determination The women must fight tooth and
O nail for their rights
Gain ground To make progress, move ahead The people of the town raised their
M voice against the municipal
S department regarding cleanliness
Raise ones voice protest
P Behind every successful man there is a Man’s success depends on the work and support of their
woman wife
R

O It is man’s world Everything in life is arranged to the advantage of men. Life is

though for women.
V

E
What’s good for the goose is good for Male and females should be treated the same way and not
R the gander. to be subjected to different standards.
B

S
PHRASE Spirit is willing but the flesh is weak My mother wants to learn salsa, but cannot, her spirit
is willing but the flesh is weak.

ENVIRONMENT
a) Environmental problems require steps at all level from local and global level.
b) All the world countries have accepted environmental problems as the biggest
threat to humanity.
c) The impact of pollution made by industries in a country will not remain
condoned within the country.
d) Driving vehicle can also be environmental friendly.
e) Every single person should take care of environment.
f) Drying up of natural resources is a matter of serious concern in modern days.
g) Each year, hundreds of acres of trees disappear in countries all around the
world.
h) Trees are cut for fuel, farming , housing development, roads and rail links.
i) Green plants produce oxygen which is very vital for the survival of living
beings.
j) Trees are the primary food providers on earth.
k) These are one of the most essential components that support life on earth.
l) Trees are important for soil conservation and in the development of many
medicines.
m) Importance of water in human life beggars description .
n) Life originated in water and no living organism can survive without water.
o) Two third area of the globe is covered by water.
p) Drinkable water is getting depleted at an alarming rate.
q) Conflict over water has become a part of everyday news.
r) estimates claim that most of the world population will not have freshwater in
a matter of a few decades.
s) War over water is highly likely fear.
t) It is indeed and inevitable truth that air planes cause immense amount of air
and noise pollution.
u) It is indeed unfortunate that today’s youngsters are not really well informed
about environments issues.
v) There are numerous reasons why environmental education for all is essential.
w) Ignorance is the prime cause behind most environmental problems.
x) For the last few decades, the earth has been witnessing an incessant reduction
in its natural resources.
y) It is certainly true that lack of natural resources like oil, water and rain forests
can put the survival on the earth at a risk.
z) The life span of our dear earth can be increased with proper care.
I Spick and span Neat and clean Your room looks spick and span
Razor edge Critical situation The company is passing through a
D razors and may soon be declared
I bankrupt
Pile up Accumulate, heap up We pilled up all the newspapers in
O the room
M Make out Discem, understand Try to make out the meanings of the
words by looking at the context
S An axe to grind Some selfish motive or interest to serve
P Better the devil you know than the devil you It may be better to endure a situation that you are
R don’t accustomed to than to risk a change for something that
O may be worse
V
E Nothing is scared Important things and situation are treated with
R disrespect
s Better down If we will over exploit the natural resources, then we
Prepare for trouble
P the hatches should batten down the hatches
h
r Blood and iron Relentless use of force Humans are using blood and iron to pursue their selfish
a motive
s
e
s
SMOKING
PROBLEMS
 It has become fashionable in the world today to condemn smoking.
 Smoking is equally harmful to both active and passive smokers.
 Smoking is a decision making by an individual.
 Nobody imposes tobacco on anyone.
 Tobacco is as dangerous as all other illegal drugs.
 Tobacco smoking leads to various health hazards.
 Tobacco contains a harmful substance known as nicotine.
 People those are in smoker’s vicinity are also adversely affected.
 Many people feel smoking helps to relax as stress and tension is a
reality today.
DRUG ABUSE
 Drug abuse, a bane on society, has been in existence from time
immemorial.
 Drug abuse has become a big international problem.
 Menace of drugs can be fought.
 Criminal gangs and mafia under worlds flourish with the revenue generated
from drugs.
 Drug peddlers carry out illegal selling of drugs mainly in the setup of
schools and colleges as the youngsters are an easy target.
 Mental suffering due to failure in love, family problems, financial problems,
hopelessness etc. Also force people to start taking drugs.
 Even governments have failed to deal with the issue effectively as the
smugglers tend to escape from hands of law.
 Strict international laws are needed to curb drug racketeering.
  Awareness campaigns should be conducted by statutory bodies and NGOs,
to educate both young and old alike.
 A very significant argument against banning drugs is their benefit to society
as excellent painkillers, if used moderately.

RAGGING
 Ragging within an ethical limit can
be real fun.
 Unrestrained ragging leads to disasters.
 Many students who experience to disasters.
 The real aim of ragging was to introduce the fresher’s to the seniors.
 If ragging cannot be made healthy, interesting and fruitful, it leaves
us no choice except banning.
COMMUNALISM- loyalty and commitment to the interests of your own minority r ethnic group
rather than to society as a whole

 Communalism is based on wrong priorities and dogmatic beliefs

which develop in the absence of objective analysis.
 Communalism reveals wrong priorities and dogmatic beliefs due to
the absence of objective analysis.
 It is a narrow-minded way of thinking for the promotion of one’s own
community.
 Communalism has caused much irrevocable damage in the peaceful
coexistence of various cultures in pluralistic societies.
 Communalism has now become a great threat even to the very
existence of mankind.
  Mankind people aware of communalism helps them to be rational
and to be proactive

CHILD LABOUR  Childhood is a time of no worries and no

unnecessary tensions.
 Child labor is a social evil prevalent in many countries.
 “working children” sounds pathetic as childhood can be correlated to only
enjoyment and studies.
 Parents who cannot afford their livelihood due to insufficient earning they
end up forcing them to child labor.
 The illiteracy of parents is also a major factor in determining the incidence
of child labor.
 Beggary is another from of child labor.
 Child labor harms the childhood and snatches the rights and freedom of
children.
 Child labor is a crime and tries to abolish it wherever it exists.
  The prevalence of child labor is a slap on the conscience of society.
 Child labor is a curse to our society and a crime against humanity.

STRESS  Stress and tension are the realities of modern ways

of life when target and success-oriented life has become a reality.
 Modern life is full of stress and tension.
 The rat race foe riches make us more stressed.
 Stress and tension lead to mental physical problems.
 Stress is a side effect of almost any kind of physical and mental exertion.
 Stiff competition is also a reason of stress.
 Stress has increased a lot because of high cost of living, less
remuneration, more competition, changes in technology and so on.
 Long working hours.
 Unhealthy life style like poor eating like to poor eating habits and little
exercise.
  Living alone can cause psychological problems like depression, become
more introvert and get socially cut off.
 Practicing exercise like yoga and aerobics, leering music and dance are
very good in making life less stressed and tensed.
 Art also unifies human minds and gives sensational delight.
 To escape from stress and tension, hobbies are the best to achieve it.

TERRORISM
 Terrorism thwarts social progress.
 One of the burning issues of today is terrorism.
 Terrorism , today, has become a global threat.
 Terrorist are not born, but molded by prejudiced and ill informed
fanatics.
  Terrorist are people who act with callous indifference to human
rights.
 Discrimination of social, religious, and political minorities.
 It is rightly said that terrorists are not born but made(poverty and
unemployment)
 There are certain religious fanatics who spread the message of
hatred and religious tolerance.
 Terrorists use easy targets to celebrate their success.
 The brains behind terrorism must be aware of the fact that terrorism
is a monster that kills, even its own parents.

TRAFFIC
 one solution is the building of ring roads to take the traffic away from city
centers.
  The construction of new roads is easier said than done.
 Acquiring land in an overcrowded city is no easy task.
 Many countries are now trying to build underground suburban railway
system.
 Cars offer more freedom and convenience than other modes of transport
do.
 To reduce car use, people should be attached to public transport.
 Public transport should be convenient and cheap.
 People should be educated about importance of reducing the car use.
 Heavy tax should be levied on private cars.

CRIME AMONG YOUTH

 Many people attribute the rise in crime and other social problems to
the decline in moral values.
  Children are not mature enough to think logically.
 Sending to juvenile home will help in education and training.
 The modern parents have no time for their children who naturally
feel neglected.
 Laxity in moral standards is another factor responsible for crime
among youth.
 Media, newspaper, magazines, films and T.V shows also provide dose
of crime, violence and sex.
 Many young people are found overambitious and want to achieve
their goal in short time.
 Increasing poverty, unemployment and competition is causing
frustration.
SEDENTARY LIFE STYLE
  A sedentary life style is one where people spend most of their
time seated.
 Sedentary life is not good for people’s health.
 A sedentary life style may indeed lead to high blood pressure
and heart attacks.
 Sedentary life means that they have a sedentary job.
 Office worker can avoid sedentary life style by joining fitness
clubs or play sports.

CYBER CRIME

 Cybercrime, like other forms of crime, is a multi-faceted and ever-changing

problem.
  Cybercrime is criminal activity, using computers and the internet to steal,
whether directly or indirectly, from consumers or businesses.
 Cyber-terrorism can be reasonably defined as attacks against one or more
parts of the internet, intended to prevent legitimate users from being able
to use internet-based services.
 Cyber-war is likely to cripple the target(economy, communications,
essential services), or to create confusion prior to or during an actual
(kinetic)war.
 The internet is one of the greatest inventions in the history of mankind.
 The internet networks have become susceptible to invasion.
 In recent times, internet crime has skyrocketed.

GENERATION GAP
 Generation gap is the difference between the young and the old in
priorities and perceptions.
 Change is inevitable as the world would always be on wheels.
 Generation by generation situation changes and latter generation moulds
itself to fit to the new requirements.
 Today’s young generation got more exposure so; their intellectual horizons
expanded making them way smatter the earlier generation.
 Generation gap stands for difference of attitude or a lack of cordial
relations.
 The youth of today is lured more by the glitter of money than by the shine
of moral values.
 In some cases seniors are also unflinching and uncompromising with the
present scenario.
 Generation stands on different peak.
 None of the generation is right or wrong from their point of view.
  The institution of family as the basic unit of society is undergoing many
changes.

OLD AGE HOMES

 Old age homes were originally built with an idea to give shelter to the old
people who were alone.
 Old age people do not feel lonely as they get the people of same age.
 In many countries, care of elder has become the priority for government
and other welfare agencies.
 Every age has its hey-days and lean days.
 Ego problem comes as a hindrance between two generations.
  Joint families have disintegrated giving birth to the establishment of old age
homes.
 Middle class has become more materialistic.
 The parents feel neglected and take the old age home as the last resort.
 The old people have to embrace the winds of change but at the same time
young people must realize that one day also have to be old and worn out.

MORAL VALUES

 Education has under gone drastic changes in the modern world.

 There is urgent need of moral education in schools and colleges.
 Positive moral values are important because they allow to have an
overall feeling of peace and joy.
 When you live your life according to moral values that are based on
honesty, compassion, courage, modesty, and forgiveness, than you
can also from positive bonds with other people.
 a house divided against
I itself cannot stand
D Actions speak louder than
words
I Add fuel to the fire
O All in the same boat
M At the drop of a hat
S we need to adopt measures at
Flesh and blood
Move heaven and earth
It will not work out, if anyone
does not unite
It is better to do something
Do something to make a bad
situation even worse than it is
When everyone is facing the
same situation
Do something immediately
One’s own family
Work very bad
Communalism leads to
destruction, as a house
divided against itself cannot
stand
Government should execute
the existing laws speak louder
than words
For personal gains, political
leaders add fuel to the fire of
communalism
The tsunami put everybody in
the same boat
In order to eradicate drug
addiction amongst the youth
the drop of a hat
To eliminate the generation
gap, we need to stay
connected with our flesh and
blood
In order to tackle social
problems , we need to move
heaven and earth
 A hard nut to crack A difficult problem to solve Traffic congestion in big cities
is a hard nut to crack

Mor
al
Dig one’s own grave Be the cause of one’s own ruin Youngster’s dig their own
grave by taking to drugs
valu
Grid up one’s loin Prepare for action People need to grid up their es
loin if they want to root social
evils such as drug abuse, can
communalism etc.
give
meaning and purpose to your life
 It is universal acknowledged fact that teachers leave a deep impact
on the student’s mind.
 If moral education is an interesting and unbiased way .it can go a
long way in teaching morals to the students.
GLOBAL WARMING

 The gradual increase in the temperature of the earth, s atmosphere,

believed to be due to the greenhouse effect, caused by increased pollution.
 It is caused by human activities like logging, burning of fossil fuels and by
other industrial activities.
 Global warming leads to melting of polar ice which can cause a rise in sea
level.
 To combat increasing greenhouse gases and global warming, there should
be combined efforts of all the world nations.
 If steps are not taken on a war fooling, there will be soon a time when
humans will be with no place to live and no fresh water to drink.
BIOTERRORISM
 Terrorism involving the release of toxic biological agents.
 A bioterrorism attack is the deliberate release of viruses, bacteria, or
other germs (agents) used to cause illness of death in people,
animals, or plants.
 Biological agents can be spread through the air, through water, or in
food.
 A biological weapon may ultimately prove more powerful than a
conventional weapon because its effects can be far-reaching and
uncontrollable.
 Preparing a strategy to against these types of organisms, whether in
a natural or genetically modified state, is difficult.
  The variety of life in the world or in
BIO DEVERSITY a particular habitat or ecosystem.
 As natural resources come under
increasing pressure, the list of endangered plants and animals
continues to grow.
 The causes are many developments in agriculture, mining
forestry and transport
 Government could promote greater understanding of plants and
by investing in the research and preservations efforts of
universities, zoos, and botanical institutes.
 Companies that engage in practices that harm the
environment should be required to demonstrate that they
have taken all reasonable efforts to minimize the damage.
  Preservation, protection and above all prevention can do much
to reverse the destruction that threatens the world’s plants
and animals.

P Better late than never It is better to do something late than

R to not do it at
O To err is human You should not be too harsh with
V some who makes a mistake, because
E all human beings make mistakes.
R Better safe than sorry It is better to be careful than to take a
B chance and risk an accident or illness
S or a failure which you may regret.
Prevention is better than cure It is better to prevent a problem or an
illness in order to avoid having to cure
it.

Old habits die hard It is hard to stop doing something that

has become a habit even if you want
to stop it.
Crime doesn’t pay Crime is not profitable or beneficial

Devil take the hindmost
Give a dog a bad name(and hang him
……………………………………
……………………………………
Money is the root of all evils
ENTERTAIBNENT-traveling, movies, music, happiness, clubs, festivals,
holidays, live performance, dancing, adventures
and you will probably be caught and
punished
The young man learned that crime
doesn’t pay when he was arrested for
stealing the bicycle.
Everybody must look after their own
interest or safety.
It is difficult to regain a reputation
once lost.
………………………………
……………………………..
Money is the cause of most
wrongdoing and problems in the
world.
 Dancing has been a part of human civilization since time
immemorial.
 People of every country have their own national music
and dances.
 Music has the power of raising spirits of a broken man,
igniting spark of love in the heartless, soothing a
troubled heart and spreading the message of
brotherhood and humanity.
 ]music has the power to alter emotions.
 Travelling provide charm to the dull and monotonous
life of man.
 Holidays restore our natural vigor and cheerfulness.
 Modern technology has entered in the field of
entertainment.
  Travelling gives people the exposure to a variety of
things.

NEW LIFE STYLE  Human beings are

more interested in physical comforts and
material possessions.
 Life expectancy is on the rise in many parts of the world.
 History of humankind is the history of changes.
 Change, a universal phenomenon, is taking place constantly
in all spheres of life.
 Increased awareness among people about health and
hygiene.
 Better living facilities and nutrition.
 People are more fashion-conscious these days.
 Media give birth to the dictum; “better be out of the world
than out of fashion”.
 The dictum a golden key can open any door.
 Man curiosity to seek new things has given birth to life
styles.
 Some people are basically epicurean in nature who believe
in this arm of eat, drink and be merry.
 In some new life style people do not care even a fig for
their own or social obligations.
 People are more selfish in the self-gratification of their
sensual pleasures.
 “man proposes and God disposes” means we not be so
conservative that the money earned should remain
untilled.
 Without trying something new no progress is possible.
  New life style makes people more lazy, fat and unsocial.
 It is wisely said that yesterday is dead, tomorrow is unborn,
today is real.
 Life is becoming increasing complicated.

MERCY KILLING- EUTHANASIA

‘MERCY KILLING”-and RIGHT’ TO

DIE OR PHYSICIAN ASSITED
SUICIDE(PAS)

a) Euthanasia refers to the practice of ending life in a manner which

relieves the pain and suffering of the person/animal concerned.
b) We can never have sufficient evidence to be justified in believing that
a dying person’s request to die is genuine, rational and voluntary.
c) There is no justification in prolonging agony of a patient if there is no
hope at all strict laws must be framed in this regard.
d) A big worry is that in several places where poverty is extensive,
people would use this as a weapon and not care for the old and in
ones.
e) Even a patient can be victimized for some personal gains like
property by getting a legal permission for mercy killing adopting
wrong ways.

CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

a) Capital punishment is the award of death as a means of

punishment.
b) It is as old as civilization.
c) Capital punishment is the manifestation of barbarism, ant
of civility.
d) Two wrongs do not make a right.
e) Decent society would not accept the theory of an eye for
an eye.
f) It is only deterrence which can effectively prevent crimes.
g) It is more important for the government for the ensure
the common citizen a secure life than allowing a guilty
person to live.
h) Criminals are not born, but made by the society.
i) It is illogical to assert that a murder by an individual is a
crime and the same act a state is an act of civility and
respect.
j) Taking a person’s life means that society itself has
committed a crime.
 k) One should be given a chance to mend his wats on
humanitarian basis.
l) No judiciary is foolproof, possibility of innocent people
losing their lives(legal infection)

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT

a) Corporal punishment is the use of physical force causing pain, but

not wounds, as a means of discipline.
b) Fear of punishment has a great impact in preventing many people
from committing crimes.
c) Corporal punishment, as the strongest from of negative, generates a
degree of moral character invaluable to the growth of a student.
d) Corporal punishment acclimate students to a social order that
ultimately makes them more easily fit in, become productive.
e) To keep corporal punishment working for us, make sure to not be
overly angry while administering it.
f) Corporal punishment must be used as part of a wider strategy and at
correct time; when other immediate discipline has failed.
g) The suspect although innocent, is tortured so much that he/she
becomes a hardened criminal.
h) Victim of corporal punishment becomes abnormal or deformed
physically and mentally.
i) The scars on the body may fade may with the passage of time but not
those of the mind.
j) Exceptions are always there, may be some hard core criminals need
corporal punishment.
CLONING
a) Cloning is the production of one or more individual plants or
animals that are genetically identical to an original plant or
animal.
b) To understand ageing better.
c) Reverse heart attacks.
d) Research gens and find cure for defective genes.
e) Allows an infertile couple to have a child.
f) Fewer natural animals will be used for studies.
g) Ability to produce “superhuman”.
h) It is time consuming.
i) Countries could clone armies for annihilation.
j) Animal rights could be violated.
k) Cloning is not cheap.
 l) Humans are sentimental beings, they are not made to be
specimens.
BRAIN DRAIN
a) The migration of highly trained or intelligent people
from a particular country.
b) Brain drain is much noticed in the current scenario
with increased globalization.
c) Brain drain, the movement of professionals, is the
outcome of globalization.
d) Lack of job opportunities.
e) Inadequacy of research and development facilities.
f) Lack of recognition and rewards.
g) Development nations get skilled people without
making any investment on their education.
SPACE TRAVEL AND
EXPLORATION

a) Space tourism is a futuristic idea which is much hyped by the science

fiction writers.
b) It will be good options for those travel freaks that are now fed up the
earth travel destinations.
c) There is a big risk of mishaps in this kind of travel due to technical
failures.
d) Space travel cost would be out of reach an ordinary man.
e) Space exploration has helped in many ways, like in weather forecast,
taking picture of earth and other plants.
f) Sometimes it can be wastage of money and time.
 g) Need to set a budget for space exploration, just to be helpful to
mankind.

GLOBALIZATION
“globalization is a process that encompasses the causes, course, and
consequences of transnational and transnational integration of human
and non-human activities.”
a) Globalization is the buzzard of the day.
b) The world is becoming a smaller place, a global village.
c) This is an age of internationalism.
d) Globalization aims at the free flow of goods and services from
one nation to another.
e) Globalization has created several millionaires and billionaires.
f) Increased free trade between nations.
g) Global mass media ties the world together.
h) Quality of life of people improving over all over the world.
i) Corporations around the world.
j) Great ease and speed of transportation for goods and people.
k) Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally
between nations.
l) Greater chance of reactions ob globalization being violet in
preserving cultural heritage.
m) Decrease in environmental integrity as polluting corporations
misuse weak regulatory rules in developing nations.
n) Increase in the chances of civil war within developing countries
and open war between developing countries for resources.
RETIREMENT AGE
a) It varies from area to area and from job to job.
b) There are certain positions where experience is an assert.
c) The ability to work declines after the age of fifty.
d) More skilled youngsters are denied the chance when old ones continues in
jobs.
e) Old ones find it difficult to get used to modern technology.
f) There is no denying the fact that age leaves an impact on our minds and
bodies.
g) There must be fixed retirement age for legislators.
h) Old older change the yielding place to the new lest one good old order
should corrupt the world.
i) Many retirees engage in several activities good for themselves and society.
MUSEUM-A museum is a place to keep antiques and interesting objects for the
public to see and observe.

a) People of all age groups visit museums for enjoyment, education and
entertainment.
b) Government should charge a fee on visitor to have access to museum and
art galleries, as they satisfy the need of different people.
c) Museum attract more visitor, as they are areas of interest for tourists the
world over.
d) Visiting such places is a welcome change to both young and elderly in this
age of stress.
e) Museum can be called bridge between the oast and oresent.
f) Museum help in preserving the cultural and artistic heritage of a society.
DISARNAMENT- the reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons.

a) Peace and harmony will prevail.

b) More funds it fight poverty and diseases and for improving living
standards, development technological research.
c) More focus on global issues.
d) Effect on defense, unemployment for the non civilians.
e) Hidden war threat.
LAW ENFORCEMENT

a) Any society to run smoothly needs law and order.

b) Solely focusing on individual happiness may create havoc.
c) Civilization is the thing which differentiates us from the
animals.
 d) Adjustments and sacrifices for others are very much essential
for humans to progress.
DISABLE D PEOPLE
a) Mere existence does not mean that one is living, but one
should have a life of dignity even if he is disabled.
b) Disabled people are discriminated everywhere.
c) In some countries, disabilities are considered as a curse
of god.
d) Unfortunately, disabled people are found to be a social
stigma.
e) Even society avoids the disabled by abandoning them
from the main stream.
f) All public places should have facilities to support people
with special needs.
 g) Financial assurance should be given by reserving their
seats for jobs.
h) Free educational facilities should be provided to them.
i) There are many disabled people who rose to fame in
many parts of the world.
j) Special laws need to be enforced against any
discrimination.

ARTISTS

a) Art knows no form of boundaries.

b) It is highly necessary for a country to have adequate control over its artists.
c) Artists have the power to influence and enslave human mind.
d) Possibility of art misused by antisocial elements.
e) Freedom for expression is the key note of any art.
f) Art comes to form when the mind is allowed to wander free.
g) All citizens of a country shall have the right or freedom of speech and
expression.
h) Expression of art in the form of writing is very powerful way of
communication.
i) Art inspires people in masses.
j) Art gives inspires and sensational delight.
k) It is the greatest unifier of humanity.
l) Freedom of expression is the fundamental rights of every human being.
m) Creativity blossoms where there is freedom.
n) People have the freedom to accept or reject on artistic work but an artist
must have the freedom of expression.
ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRY

a) Everybody, be they bright or dull, must try to excel in English as it is the

language of success.
b) English, the lingua franca of the world.
c) Essential requirement to excel in life in the changed global scenario.
d) The foremost reason, why millions of people wish to study English is its
dynamism.
e) English is the richest in literature and vocabulary.
f) The English language occupies a very significant place in the modern world.
g) Students have to live in a different culture and climate.
h) Homesickness.
i) Difference in language can hinder study.
FASHION
a) Fashion is the trend which prevails at a particular time in a particular field.
b) Fashion is underlines the fact that we are moving with time.
c) Today it is mandatory to move with the changing trends to be accepted in
the society and in one’s work environment. Appearance can always be
deceptive.
d) In order to feel fresh and to escape from monotony, people all over the
world follow new trends. It makes one stand out of crowd.
e) Running mad after fashionable dress is a sheer waste of money.
f) Major reason for the rapid spread of fashion now is the ubiquitous
advertisement.
g) Fashion industry is one of the key job providers today.
h) It is natural that people are appearance conscious.
i) Many people imitate celebrities to seek attention.
j) Some people express high degree of self confidence, when they feel that
they are well dressed. Fashion has permitted all sphere life.
k) Dictum ”better be out of the world than out of fashion”.
l) Fizzy drinks, citrates, cosmetics, new cars and bikes are the part of fashion
and style.

CHANGE- change is spice of life

a) Change is a universal phenomenon and it is applicable to everything.
b) Lifestyle is more sedentary these days.
c) Life is a rollercoaster ride.
d) Change is inevitable.
e) Change is a part of life and is always required for progress of mankind.
EDUCATION- SETTING A GOAL AND ACHIEVING IT IS SUCCESS

STUDENT- OVERCOMING HURDLES IS THE SECERET OF SUCCESS.

SUCCESS COMES WITH CHALLENGES.

STRESS- SUCCESS IN LIFE DOES NOT MEAN THAT LIFE IS PROBLEM FREE.
HUMA RIGHTS- human rights refer to “Basic rights and freedom which all
humans are entitles.” Human rights include civil and political rights, such as
right to life and liberty, freedom of expression and equality before the law; and
economic social and culture rights, including the rights to participate in culture,
the right to food, the right to work and right to education. Protests against the
violation of human rights are progressive not regressive.(=a step which bulls
back).

FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION----Visual dimension, including gestures

posture, facial expression. Posture may signify respect or contempt, interests or
difference, compliment or insult. Face to face communication reduces the risk of
misunderstanding. electronic communications is fast as you can reach almost
anyone, anytime, anywhere. A single email can be addressed to hundreds of
recipients.
CORRUPTION-corruption is not an infection of one country. Corruption I India has
wings not wheels. Corruption has its own way because everyone is happy and no
one has problem with it. (Greece one’s palms). Everyone knows who the corrupts
are but, the irony of our system is such that no one can be touched. At present the
situation is of “Who will bell the cat?” Reasons—Flaws in legal system, the lack of
democratic and political accountability, social and economical difficulties, and law
pay for public officials.
MARKETING-it is the process of creating a need in the minds of people and satisfying it,
giving priority to customers. It directs goods or services from producers to consumer in a well
organized way giving priority for the customer satisfaction and accomplishing the company’s
objectives. It focuses on need of the costumers.

“A CUSTOMER IS NOT DEPENDENT ON US, WE ARE DEPENDENT ON CUSTOMER”

THERE IS A SAYING THAT “THROUGH YOUR MARKETING TACTICS YOU CAN SELL A PAIR OF COMBS
EVEN TO A VALD”
SOCIAL WORK-Work carried out by trained personnel with the aim of alleviating the
conditions of those in need of help of welfare. The government can support social workers by
giving grants, land and other privileges to them.

CHARITY- the voluntary giving of help, typically money, to those in need.”Charity begins at
home; conveys a great message. Family, smallest social unit, is where people learn the
lessons of caring and sharing.

SOCIAL CLUBS-A formal association of people with similar interests. There are different types
of social clubs for different type of people. Life in the present day world is full of stress and
tension and social clubs, to a great extent, act as safety valves to release these tensions.
Clubs organize various social activities like debates, cultural shows. Fashion shows, games,
puppet shows etc.
ROAD ACCIDENTS (HIGH ROAD TOLL)- Inadequate vehicle maintenance,
Road condition, Human error (drink driving, high speed, mobile phones)

SOLUTIONS- Strict rules and regulations regarding safety measure and road
and vehicle condition, Awareness programs, separate ways for pedestrians
and cyclists. “PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE” Safety measure includes
seat belt, baby’s safety seat, air bags and helmet.
BEAUTY CONTEST- Beauty contest is the manifestation of human passion for
beauty. Fashion and design industry, textile industry etc. Make huge profits from
business generated by these beauty contests. Beauty queens use their name and
fame for various charitable purpose as well as for endorsing commercial products. In
developing nations, the priority should be to eradicate poverty and improve the
quality of the less privileged. Many of the industries promoted by beauty contests are
not beneficial to the common man. A nation’s priority should be on the needs of the
majoror should be based on the needs of the majority.
FOSSIL FUELS-A natural fuel such as coal or gas, formed in the ecological past from
the remains of living organisms. Our dependence on fossil fuels cannot continue
indefinitely on account of their scarcity and the pollution they cause. Solar energy and
nuclear energy can be the alternatives. Recent inventions and discoveries are making
solar power more reliable and affordable. Besides, wind energy, geothermal energy,
hydroelectric power and fuel cell technology are other alternative sources.

Hydro electricity is already prevalent in many of the world. Global warming and
damage to the ozone layer are caused by carbon dioxide and other by- products of
fossil fuels.
CRIME AGAINST WOMEN-Although women may be victims of all kinds of crime, be it
cheating, murder, robbery etc; yet the crimes in which only woman are victims and which
are directed specifically them are characterized as “crime against women”. Rape,
kidnapping and adduction torture physical and mental (including wife battering),
molestation, sexual harassment, importation of girls, immoral traffic, dowry prohibition,
committing sati and indecent representation of women. Only legislation and law
enforcement agencies cannot prevent the incident of crime against woman. At here is
need of social awakening and change in the attitude of masses, so that due respect and
equal status is given to women. it’s a time when the women need to be given her due.
This awakening can be brought by education campaign among youth making them
aware of existing social evils and the means to eradicate same. Mass media can play an
active role here as in the present days it has reached every corner of the nation. Various
NGOs can hold a responsible position here by assigning them with the task of
highlighting socio-economic causes leading to such crimes and by disseminating
information about their catastrophic effect on the womanhood and the society at large.
E-WASTE: Electronic waste, electronic waste devices such as radio, television,
computers, music system etc. Computers produce a good deal of plastic waste as it is
the main ingredient of the computers cabin, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer etc.
Floppy discs, CDs and DVDs also contain plastic materials. Plastic is non-biodegradable
and its burning results in the emission of several harmful chemicals into the
atmosphere. The real solution to this problem lies in recycling. But recycling needs lots
of electricity.

E-LEARNING: E-Learning comprises all forms of electronically supported learning

and teaching. E-learning is the use of network technology to create, foster, deliver and
facilitate learning anytime, anywhere’s-learning is must to keep up the need of global
competition. As times changed, the earlier we good at ‘e- learning’, the better it is to
improve the quality of life.

E-COMMERCE: commerce conducted electronically (as on internet).The sale of

goods and services on a global basis by means of the internet or other computer
networks. It offers convince to buyers and it saves a lot of time. Customers can’t test
the comfort and quality of product. Credit card transactions are insecure.

ROTE LEARNING- The process of learning something by mechanical repetition.

Parrot like repetition to study something, Traditional learning makes student passive.
Learning by heart is reproducing during examination. Self-motivated learner’s don’t
really need teachers to instruct them. This type of learning does not help students to
understand the meaning or significance of lessons. This is a regressive form of
learning.

DISTANCE EDUCATION-Education that takes place when the student and instructor
are separated by time and space. The aim is to deliver education to students who are
not physically on site. Students can learn from anywhere anytime.
NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY: It is the technology that involves the reaction atomic nuclei.
The survival of mankind depends on the availability of alternative sources and nuclear
power is one of them. Nuclear power is capable of generating electricity on a large scale.
Nuclear technology is also used to cure some diseases such as cancer. The emission of
nuclear radiation can lead to serious consequences. The burial of a dead nuclear reactor
is a big problem. Nuclear weapons have already been manufactured to destroy the
planet completely.

ADVERTISEMENT: A notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a

product, service, or event or publicizing a job vacancy. While some people argue
that advertisement make us buy things we don’t require, others opines that
advertisements gives us information about new products. The media outputs like
newspapers, magazines, radio and television bombard us with numerous
advertisement. Sometimes advertisers hide things and highlights issues that are
 not important. Aim should be constructive aspect rather than befooling innocent
customer.

ROBOTS AND MACHINES- Robots usage in industries saves time and energy,
production increases, industries gain more profits, at present limited to only industries,
but in future can be used in medical field or even for household chores, will provide
great help to home makers, they will not need personal servants. On the other side,
maintenance cost is very high, increases unemployment, chances of technical mishaps,
sedentary lifestyle may invite a lot of diseases, may be used for evil reasons, machines
may control humans in future. Man is tool using animals. Man has become tools of
their machines.

BIOTECHNOLOGY- The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other

purposes. We have the biological processes of micro-organisms to brew and wine,
and to make foods like bread and cheese. Researches can manipulate living
organisms and transfer genetic material between organisms. Modern techniques
allows for the production of new and improved foods. Virus resistant crop plants
and animals have been developed and advances in insect resistance have been
made. Biotechnology is also being applied in the areas of pollution control, mining
and energy production. Genetic can be used identify particular populations of
endangered species.

NANOTECHNILOGY-It is the engineering of tiny machines. The manipulation of

matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers. Molecular
nanotechnology can solve many of the world’s current problems. For example,
water shortage is a serious and growing problem. Most of the water is used for
industry and agriculture , both of these requirements would be greatly reduced by
products made by molecular manufacturing. Much water is wasted because it is
not entirety pure. Physical filters with nanometer scale pores can remove 100% of
bacteria, and viruses. With nanotechnology, computers and display devices would
become stunningly cheap. Several new kinds of treatment for diseases will be
possible. The ability to exclude insects will greatly reduce certain diseases.
GM FOOD- Genetically modified foods(GM foods, or biotech foods) are foods
produced from genetically modified organisms (GMOs), specifically, genetically
modified crops GMOs have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by
genetic engineering techniques. With GM, the maximum land can be used for
agricultural purposes. It will reduce the number of crop waste. Desired
characteristics of crops can be achieved in short time. Owing to gene
manipulation, fruits or vegetables can have a longer storage and shelf life. They
would be increased in flavor and nutritive value. Genes for the cures of diseases
can also be transferred to crops for our benefits. By the intake of genetically
modified food, people become vulnerable to potential health hazards i.e. allergy,
antibiotics resistance. Insufficient testing will affect quality of food. GM food may
lead to global food shortage and large scale health hazards.

TOURISM: The commercial organization and operation of vocation and visit to

places of interest. Tourism generates income for government and people. It
broadens people mind and reduces cultural shock. It provides jobs in several
areas like transport, hotels and shopping. It leads to the accumulation of waste. It
can increase crimes and possible spread of diseases. The local residents might
start following the way tourists live and country may lose its original values and
sense of identity.

ECO-TOURISM: (Also known as ecological tourism) it is a form of tourism

involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively nature areas. Eco-tourism is
responsible travel that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of
local people. It is to build cultural and environment awareness and respect among
the people. Eco-tourism provides a full range of service including transportation,
food , lording, guiding and interpretation that cause minimal damage to the
biological and cultural environments. Eco-tourism activities include. Bird and
wildlife watching, hiking, Backpacking, Nature study, Photography, Boating,
Biking, Camping, and picnicking.
EDUCATION FAMILY HEALTH TECHNOLOGY/MEDIA
OVWEUSE OF
HIGH SCHOOL DIVORCE
DROPOUTS OBESITY INTERNET

Causes (why) Causes (why) Causes (why) Causes (why)

1. Need to -Family problems -Changing in life -Addiction –a lot of
make money (with father or style (Sedentary free time
(get a job) mother in law) lack of exercise) -entertainment (e.g.
2. Find subjects -Lack of money -poor diet (e.g. fast chat lines are
too difficult -having no children food or eating too appealing)
or boring -spousal abuse much) -informative (many
3. Can’t afford -One partner is -feeling you must subjects available)
school fee. cheating eat everything on -Internet use required
4. Family your plate or at a for school courses.
problems. certain time even if -easy communication
you are not hungry method (way to
 -hereditary factors connect with friends)
(parents also -easily available.
obese) or certain
illnesses

Effects(what) Effects(what) Effect(what)

(what) -Broken homes -Poor health (high -Waste time.
Effects -nobody is blood pressure, -become more
-Uneducated responsible for the heart diseases, careless and
society children Diabetes. inattentive, lose
-Negative impact -children may -lower self esteem. ability to be
on the economy become violent or -Limited independent.
-Can’t cope with depressed. employment (hard -Health problems
new technology -economic-man to get a job) (obesity, eye
-Classifies people in may oay alimony to -economic problems, back pain,
the community into his ex-wife (hospitals need RSI)
different social -it may be difficult more money and -become antisocial
levels. for someone to overweight person -learn bad things
-Low self-esteem remarry pays a lot for from certain websites
for dropouts special diets) or chatting with bad
-Creates more -Difficult to get people.
family problems married. -computer(viruses)
(vicious circle-
cause, becomes
effect and becomes
a cause again)