Migration 2 FOSS

Migration to
Free / Open Source Software
Open Source Seminar

Universiti Putra Malaysia
December 2004
(Jointly organized by Department of Computer Science and

IEEE Computer Society Malaysian Chapter)
Presented by:
Mohd Redzuan Affandi b. Abdul Rahim
MIMOS Berhad, Malaysia
Page 1
Copyright ©2004, MIMOS Berhad
Aims of Presentation
● Give understanding on what is Free / Open Source
Software and Open Standards.
● Highlights on potential benefits from adopting Free /
Open Source Software.
● Discuss on why now is the best time to migrate to
Free / Open Source Software.
● Discuss on key issues to look at when planning to
migrate to Free / Open Source Software.
● Share information on Who and Where to get
assistance from, in migrating to Free / Open Source
Software.
Page 2
Table of Contents
1.What is Free/Open Source Software ?

2.Why should migrate to Free/Open Source Software ?
3.When is the best time to migrate ?
4.How to migrate ?
5.Who can assist with migration ?
6.Resources on FOSS
7.References
Page 3
1. What is Free / Open Source
Software ?
Page 4
Brief History – part 1
● It all started in the 1980's when community of hackers start to
break ranks and joined / formed proprietary software companies.
● Richard M Stallman stated that :
– 'I was faced with a choice. One: join the proprietary software world,
sign the nondisclosure agreements and promise not to help my
fellow hackers. Two: leave the computer field altogether. Or three,
look for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I
asked myself, was there a program or programs I could write, so as
to make a community possible again?'
● RMS resigned from AI Lab, MIT in January 1984 to start working
on developing free software (free as in freedom), his project is
called GNU (Gnu's Not UNIX).
● RMS later founded the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to
promote the development of GNU System. He later then created
the GPL (GNU Public License) to protect Free Software.
● Linus Torvalds created Linux (Linus + Unix) in 1991 which later
became a de facto kernel for the GNU operating system.
Page 5
Brief History – part 2
● Eric Steven Raymond (ESR) wrote an essay entitled “The
Cathedral and the Bazaar” on 21st May 1997 which articulated his
reasons to support open-source software and why he believed that
open-source software development approach will result in 'higher
quality, less expensive software'.
● 'Browser War' between Netscape and Microsoft. Influenced by
Raymond's essay, Netscape announced on 22nd January 1998 that
they will open the source code for their Netscape Navigator 5.0.
● The term “open source” was coined at a brainstorming session
held on 3rd February 1998 in Palo Alto, California in reaction to the
Netscape's announcement. Bruce Perens and ESR then launched
the www.opensource.org.
● The Open Source Initiative (OSI) certify free / open source licenses
that meet the Open Source Definition (OSD). To-date, there are
more than 50 Open Source licenses available.
Page 6
What is Free / Open Source Software ?
• Proprietary Software : usually only the

right to use.
Right to Study
Right to Use • Free / Open Source Software : grants

all these rights to the user.
Right to
Right Modify
to
Redistribute
The Free Software Definition Free / Open Source

Software
The Open Source Definition
Page 7
Open Standards
Page 8
Many Definitions on Open Standards
● 'Specifications for systems that are publicly available and are developed by an
open community and affirmed by a standards body'
- Open Standards Policy, IT Division, Massachusetts, USA
● 'Standards defined by specifications owned by a vendor-neutral organisation.

Anyone can build software according to the specifications without infringing IPR.'
- The Open Group
● Narrow Sense : 'a published definition' (of 'file formats, layouts, protocols etc').
Wider Sense : also 'must be developed by a consensus process, and
implementable without charge'.
- Recommendations on OSS for e-Government,
Danish Board of Technology, Denmark
● 'Standards defined by specifications owned by a vendor-neutral organisation'.

- Proposed Strategy for use of OSS in Government,
Government IT Officer's Council, South Africa
References:
http://www.state.ma.us/itd/openstandards.htm
http://www.opengroup.org/bus_area/interoperability/ogrole/IBopen_stds.html
http://www.tekno.dk/subpage.php3?article=969
http://www.oss.gov.za/ Page 9
Best Definition on Open Standards
Best, most comprehensive definition:
● Availability - available for all to read and implement.

● Maximize End-User Choice - create a fair, competitive market for
implementations.
● No Royalty - free for all to implement, with no royalty or fee.
● No Discrimination - do not favor one implementor over another for any
reason other than the technical standards compliance of a vendor's
implementation.
● Extension or Subset - may be extended, or offered in subset form.
However, certification organizations may decline to certify subset
implementations, and may place requirements upon extensions.
● Predatory Practices - may employ license terms that protect against
subversion of the standard by embrace-and-extend tactics.
- Bruce Perens
(Also created the 'open source definition').
References:
http://perens.com/OpenStandards/Definition.html
Page 10
How Do Open Standards Relate to
Free / Open Source Software ?
Information Flow
System 1 System 2
May be open source software May be open source software

or proprietary software or proprietary software
May use protocols / formats defined

by open standards or proprietary standards
Page 11
How Do Open Standards Relate to
Free / Open Source Software ?
Another way to think of it:
● Software must first be defined (specified). Open standards could be used for this.
● The software is built using source code. That can be released as open source software, or
kept proprietary.
Analogy:
● A building is required. We can define in terms of open standards:
– Conformance to fire safety standard FS131
– Use screws conforming to standard ISO3017

– All wooden beams should conform to standard ISO3023
– Windows size 2m x 2m
– ...
● Any contractor can build the building since the standards are publicly available
● We can also define whether the contractor should publish the plans ('open source') or not
● If the vendor uses open standards:
– Another contractor can easily add features to the building
● If the vendor used their own proprietary standards:
– Only the original contractor can easily add features to the building
Page 12
What are the benefits of Open Standards ?
● Customer choice (and lower cost):
– Many vendors can build a system we specify
– We can easily replace components / add new components, and can

choose the vendor
● Reduced risk:
– Less problem if vendor goes bankrupt etc.
● Improved data interchange:

– Our system is more likely to be compatible with somebody else's
(even if the need was not initially identified)
– Across time – we can be sure we can get our data back in 30 years
● Boost to industry:
– Encourages other people to write software that interacts with our
systems
Page 13
2. Why Should Migrate to FOSS ?
Page 14
How Malaysia would benefit from FOSS
● Freedom and Control over software
Choice and FOSS allows software to be build to our own agenda, it
Empowerment is also easier to localized, customized and enhanced to
user needs and requirements.
● Stimulation of a Knowledge-based Industry

Develop Local Capacity building is encouraged through the use of
Industry and FOSS and local knowledge-based industry is eventually
Skills being developed.
● Reinforcing National Sovereignty
Sovereignty Use of FOSS made it possible to understand and to
and audit the software to ensure there are no unwanted
Security features or information flows.
● Economic and Financial Benefits
Financial The use of FOSS can reduce cost and make ICT project
Benefits more sustainable. It can also reduce the cost of project
deployment at national level.
Page 15
FOSS & Critical Success Factors to Innovation
1) Sources of New Technological

Knowledge
Absorb and Exploit

Right to Study
2) Capacity to
Right to Use
4) Networks and
Collaboration
Right to
Right Modify
to
Redistribute
3) Competition
4 Critical Success Factors

Source : UK Innovation Report - "Competing in the
come through FOSS
Global Economy: the Innovation Challenge."
http://www.dti.gov.uk/innovationreport/ Page 16
Role of FOSS in Development
Create Ecosystem
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L Page 17
Conclusion : Why Should Migrate
● To Obtain more 'Freedom'
– Choice, Empowerment, Study, Modify, Security and
Sovereignty
● Promote Creativity and Innovation
– Knowledge sharing culture, Optimisation of research
funding, Entrepreneurship, Competition
● Attain Financial and Economic Benefits
– Capacity building, Remove barriers to entry, Low
deployment cost, Savings, Knowledge Based Economy
● Development of Society
– Bridge Digital Divide, Localised software, Reduce software
piracy, Promotion of good values (e.g. sharing)
Page 18
FOSS Worldwide Phenomenon
Page 19
FOSS is a Worldwide Phenomenon
Asia :
China, India, Japan,
Taiwan, Thailand,
Vietnam
Europe :
EU and country
level (Germany, EU Open Source
France, UK, Programmes
Denmark, Finland, Asia Open Source
Italy, others) Symposium (AOSS)
Government strong
support on FOSS
Meraka Program
CSIR Open Source Australasia :
South America : Centre
Peru, Brazil, Australia,
Venezuela, New Zealand
Argentina Africa :
South Africa
Page 20
3. When is the best time to migrate ?
Page 21
NOW is best to migrate !
Page 22
Why Now ?
Consider migrating now based on the following factors:
● Problem with being locked-in by software vendor
● Problem with skills being locked-in to proprietary
applications / software
● Problem with data being locked-in to proprietary
standards
● FOSS has got its own track record and some in a
matured and stable state
● Become an early adopters rather than laggards (or
even losers)
● Finally, possibility for migration cost to be higher in
the long-run
Page 23
4. How to migrate ?
Page 24
How to Migrate ?
● There is no absolute and accurate prescription on
migration.
● If do not have the expertise and capacity, get
external help / assistance.
● Highlights on some key issues in migration to
FOSS as a guide.
Page 25
Key Issues in Migration
● Identification of ICT areas to migrate.
● Availability and deciding on which FOSS to replace current
proprietary software / system
● Investigate on standards issues (data format, protocols etc)
● Hardware tested / supported by FOSS
● Managing human attitude and needs for re-skilling
programmes
● Deciding on Migration approach, finding ways to make
migration least disruptive
● Issues on support for Free/Open Source Software
● Most importantly – Getting consent, go-ahead from top
level management / key decision makers
Page 26
Free / Open Source Software Stacks
Enterprise Web Desktop Office
Network Database Browser
Applications Applications Applications Applications
●
Router ● MySQL ● eZPublish ● Webserver ● Mozilla ● Multimedia ● Office Suite
NAT ● MSQL ● Smart Apache ● Firefox Jabber OpenOffice.org
● Firewall ● Dexter ● ERP Tomcat ● Galeon Andromeda KOffice
iptables ● PostgreSQL ● PostNuke ● Mail Server ● Netscape Mplayer PSSlides
● IDS ● Firebird Sendmail ● Konqueror Xine Planner
snort ● CRM ● Mail Manager ● Amaya ● Graphics GnuCash
● Port Mapper
Compiere Majordomo GIMP
Nmap Twiki MailMan Painter ● Windows Manager
● Sniffer
Amphora ● DNS Server Dia KDE
Ethereal BIND ● CAD GNOME
Dsniff ● Proxy Server LinuxCAD XFCE
● Com. Tunnel
Squid VariCAD IceWM
OpenSSL ● PDF/PS
OpenSSH Acrobat
● File Server
Xpdf
SAMBA Ghostview
● Print Server
LPR
CUPS
Back end - Server Client - Front end
Web Development - PHP, PERL, Netbeans, Aspire, Jflash, Freepascal, etc
Operating System – Linux (Fedora, Mandrake, Debian, Knopix, etc), Free/Open/NetBSD, Minix
Page 27
Examples of FOSS
✔ Browser – Mozilla, FireFox & Thunderbird
http://www.mozilla.org
✔ Common Software – OpenOffice, GIMP
http://www.openoffice.org
http://www.gimp.org
✔ Web Servers – Apache Tomcat (Application

Server) , Apache Web Server (Html / PHP /
Perl).
http://www.apache.org
✔ Operating System – Linux (Redhat, Fedora,

Mandrake, Knoppix, Gentoo), OpenBSD,
FreeBSD, NetBSD
http://www.redhat.com
http://www.debian.org
✔ Databases – MySQL , PostgreSQL
http://www.mysql.com/
http://www.postgresql.org/
Page 28
5. Who can assists with migration ?
Page 29
Support for FOSS in Malaysia
● Public Sector
– Open Source Competency Centre (OSCC / MAMPU)
– Training and Certification, Knowledge Bank and Technical
Support for Public Sector
● Private Sector
– Local Open Source Companies do provide support
– Example : Magnifix, ByteCraft, Open Source Systems, GHC
Medical Informatics and MIMOS Berhad
● Community Sector
– Support available from individuals and Local FOSS Groups
– MNCC-OSSIG, Msian Open Source Group, MyPenguin99
Page 30
6. Resources on FOSS
Page 31
Resources on FOSS
● Free Software Foundation : http://www.fsf.org @ http://www.gnu.org
● Open Source Initiatives : http://www.opensource.org
● AsiaOSC Knowledgebase Home : http://www.asiaosc.org/enwiki/
● MIMOS Open Source R&D Group : http://opensource.mimos.my
● Open Source Competency Centre / MAMPU : http://www.oscc.org.my @
http://opensource.mampu.gov.my
● DistroWatch.com : http://www.distrowatch.com
● SourceForge.net : http://sourceforge.net
● SchoolForge.net : http://schoolforge.net
● MNCC Open Source SIG : http://www.mncc.com.my/ossig
● MyPenguin99 : http://groups.yahoo.com/group/mypenguin99/
● Malaysian Open Source Group : http://www.my-opensource.org/
Page 32
7. References
Page 33
References
● The Business and Economics of Linux and Open Source, Martin Fink, Prentice
Hall, 2003.
● Impact of Free Software Movement on the Public Sector and Education, Richard
M. Stallman, Free Software Talk, 20th Oct 2004, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
● Economics of FOSS, Dr Tengku Mohd Azzman Shariffadeen, UNCTAD Expert
Meeting on FOSS : Policy and Development Implications, 22nd Sept 2004, Geneva,
Switzerland
● A Brief History of Free/Open Source Software Movement
http://www.openknowledge.org/writing/open-source/scb/brief-open-source-
history.html
● The History of the GPL
http://www.free-soft.org/gpl_history/
● History of the OSI
http://www.opensource.org/docs/history.php
● The Cathedral and the Bazaar
http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/
● OpenStandards : Principles and Practice
http://perens.com/OpenStandards/Definition.html
● AsiaOSC Knowledgebase Home
http://www.asiaosc.org/enwiki/ Page 34
END
Page 35
Thank You
About Me
● Holds a degree in BSc Computer Science
and Information Systems from University of
Salford, United Kingdom.
● Joined MIMOS in Dec 1998 and became
part of the initial team that managed the
"Demonstrator Application Grant Scheme
(DAGS)", an ICT for Development grant
scheme offered by the National IT Council
of Malaysia. Also served as a member of
the NITC Secretariat which was
responsible as think-tank to the
government on any matters pertaining to
ICT for development in this country. Joined
the MIMOS Open Source R&D in Nov
2003 to work on the development of a
National Open Source Policy.
Contact Information: ● A member of IEEE Computer Society and
The British Computer Society
email : affandi@mimos.my
● Other area of interests includes Knowledge
URL : http://www.asiaosc.org Management, eCommunity Projects /
Programs and Internet Security.
http://opensource.mimos.my
Page 36

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Migration to

Free / Open Source Software

Open Source Seminar

(Jointly organized by Department of Computer Science and

1.What is Free/Open Source Software ?

• Proprietary Software : usually only the

Right to Use • Free / Open Source Software : grants

The Free Software Definition Free / Open Source

● 'Standards defined by specifications owned by a vendor-neutral organisation.

● 'Standards defined by specifications owned by a vendor-neutral organisation'.

● Availability - available for all to read and implement.

May be open source software May be open source software

May use protocols / formats defined

– Use screws conforming to standard ISO3017

– We can easily replace components / add new components, and can

● Improved data interchange:

● Stimulation of a Knowledge-based Industry

1) Sources of New Technological

Absorb and Exploit

4 Critical Success Factors

Copyright ©2004, MIMOS Berhad

Back end - Server Client - Front end

Web Development - PHP, PERL, Netbeans, Aspire, Jflash, Freepascal, etc

✔ Common Software – OpenOffice, GIMP

✔ Web Servers – Apache Tomcat (Application

✔ Operating System – Linux (Redhat, Fedora,

✔ Databases – MySQL , PostgreSQL

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