Next Generation SDH

By RSO Transport

1 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Agenda:-

2 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Ethernet evolution
• Original (traditional) Ethernet developed in 1980 by three companies: Digital, Intel, Xerox (DIX).
• IEEE started a project, called Project 802, to set standards to enable intercommunication among equipment
from a variety of manufacturers.
• Ethernet Frame format
Frame formats. (a) DIX Ethernet , (b) IEEE 802.3

FCS

FCS

• IEEE 802.3 (CSMA/CD - Ethernet) standard – originally 2Mbps

• IEEE 802.3u standard for 100Mbps Ethernet
• IEEE 802.3z standard for 1,000Mbps Ethernet

3 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Minimum and maximum lengths

Payload
Minimum Payload length:46 Byte
Maximum Payload length:1500 Byte

4 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet Frame format 802.3
Preamble S
F
D
7 1
Destination Destination
Preamble
Payload
Length
Source
FCS This
Thisisblock
This
This
This
The seven
field
field
field
source bytes
contains
iscontains
two
is four long
bytesthe
address
bytesand
the
in this informs
address
payload
length.
consists
long. data
It
Itofofsix
and the
station
provides
contains receiving
it maya for
MAC
bytes, be
32 which
information
and up
bit to the
it Cyclic
is used
stations
data
1500and that
isindicates
bytes a
intended frame
long. the is
and starting
Ifsending
the includes;
number
length ofas well
ofclient
theis as
field
dataenabling
address address
address Redundancy
to identify the
Check (CRC) station.
which As it is
istypes
less
generated than
alwaysthat 46
over
an arethe
synchronization
bytes, then contained
padding data
in theis data
added field
to bring
of the its
frame
length up to
individualDA, •The SA,destination
address
Length / Type is individual
and Data orfields.
group
the required minimum
address isof 46
is anbytes.
globally
1-byteadministered
value marking or thelocal
6 •TheDelimiter
S The Start Frame end
Source F of the preamble which is the first field of an Ethernet packet,
address D and indicating the beginning of the Ethernet frame.

6
Length

2
Payload

0-1500

FCS

5 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Overview of Mapping Ethernet traffic to SDH

ETHERNET PHY

ETHERNET MAC

HDLC GFP LAPS ATM

FIBER

6 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Ethernet Service Components

UNI E-NNI
Access/Aggregation E-NNI Metro Transport / I-NNI Access/Aggregation UNI
Network Core Network Network

• UNI (User-to-Network Interface)

- Physical interface/demarcation between service provider and subscriber
- Service start/end point

• NNI (Network-to-Network Interface)

• Between service providers (E-NNI)
• Between service provider internal networks (I-NNI)

7 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Ethernet supported Service

Port based service:

Different user ports

Customer Premises POP

MSSP
VoIP 4 Mbps
GE SDH
Premium data 16 Mbps
Ethernet
Aggregator
Best Effort data

Flow based service : ‘Service multiplexing’

Same user port

Different flows (e.g VLAN)
Customer Premises POP
MSSP
VoIP
GE SDH
Premium data 16 Mbps
Ethernet
Aggregator
Best Effort data

8 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Quality-of-Service
Different Types:
• 802.1p
• DSCP (TOS Byte)
• IP Precedence Traffic Class (Priority) Traffic Class (Priority)
Queue Queue
• Per Port MNG 3 Highest Highest 3 MNG
2 2
VLAN Priority 1 1 VLAN Priority
7 Data 0 Lowest Lowest 0 Data
MNG MNG 7
LAN SDH/ LAN
Data SONET Data
3 3
VLAN Priority VLAN Priority
VLAN Priorities 0-7
7
6
5 Queue
3
4
2
3 1
• User Stacks VLAN ID
0
2 • User maps VLAN Priority to required queue
1
0
9 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID
Confidential
Next Generation SDH
Legacy TDM Services

Storage Area Network Single MSP Platform

Ethernet Leased Line

Optical Network
Internet Access

Virtual Private LAN

- Ability to handle SDH, PDH, Ethernet & WDM on a common platform for efficient presentation, switching,
aggregation & transport over NG-SDH
• Highly flexible 2M – STM64 TDM interfaces
• Full non-blocking VC-12 Switching
• Highest Port density to reduce costs
• Use of SFP technology to increase flexibility and reduce costs

10 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Migration to Next Generation

Client NGSDH Existing SDH NG SDH Client

• It is only necessary to migrate the edges to get a full Next Generation SDH network
• IT IS TODAY’S BEST COMBINATION FOR DATA AND CIRCUIT TRANSPORT

11 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Next Generation SDH Network elements

12 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Multiservice Provisioning Platform (MSPP)

A Multiservice Provisioning Platform (MSPP) is a type of access node that includes a set of:
• legacy TDM interfaces
• data interfaces, such as Ethernet & GigE
• NG SDH functionalities such as GFP, VCAT and LCAS
• optical interfaces from STM-0 to STM-64

13 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Multiservice Transport Platform (MSTP)

A Multiservice Transport Platform (MSTP) basically is a MSPP with DWDM functions to drop
selected wavelengths at a site that will provide higher aggregated capacity to multiplex and to transport
client signals.

• MSTP allows to integrate TDM , SDH, and data services, with efficient WDM transport and wavelength
switching.
• Typically, MSTPs are installed in the metro core network.

14 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Generic Framing Protocol (GFP)

GFP, defined in ITU-T G.7041, GFP is a new advanced encapsulation mechanism compared against HDLC based
encapsulation mechanism, provides data rate adaption and frame delineation

There are two mapping service for data protocols:

•GFP-T (Transparent) is a layer 1 encapsulation in constant sized frames. Ex- Fiber Channel.
•GFP-F (Framed) is a layer 2 encapsulation in variable sized frames. Ex- Ethernet.

15 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Generic Framing Protocol (GFP-T)
GFP-T (Transparent) is a layer 1 encapsulation in constant sized frames. Ex- Fiber Channel.

•GFP-T client signals are mapped into fixed-length GFP frames and transmitted immediately without waiting for the
entire client data packet to be received.
• GFP-T encapsulates any protocol as long as they are based on 8B/10B line coding, which is why it is often called
protocol-agnostic.
• ALL the client characters, without exception, are transported to the far end.
• GFP-T is very good for isocronic protocols and SAN, this is because it is not necessary to process client frames or to
wait for arrival of the complete frame
16 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID
Confidential
Generic Framing Protocol (GFP-F)
GFP-F (Framed)

• The entire client packet is dropped into a GFP frame.

• Data Client signals such as Ethernet are queued waiting to be mapped.
• Some codes can be removed to minimize the transmission size
• GFP-F supports sub multiplexing onto a single channel for low-rate sources

GFP-F results in a more efficient transport, however, the encapsulation processes

described above increase latency.

17 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
GFP frame formats and protocols

18 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
GFP-F vs. GFP-T

19 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Concatenation

Without Concatenation With Concatenation(VCAT)

8%
79% VC-12 waste
VC-3 waste VC-12
d
10 Mbps VC-12
48.38 d VC-12
4Mbps VC-12

10 Mbps (2.176 Mbps)

VCG

 Non-Concatenating applications  Concatenating applications

• Alternative carrier •Incumbents
• Simple connectivity •Allow rate limiting
•Low order concatenation

20 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Concatenation

Concatenation is the process of summing the bandwidth of X containers of the same type into a
larger container.

There are two concatenation methods:

• Contiguous concatenation, which creates big containers that cannot split into smaller Pieces during transmission. For
this, each NE must have a concatenation functionality.
• Virtual concatenation, which transports the individual VCs and aggregates them at the end point of the transmission
path. For this, concatenation functionality is only needed at the path termination equipment.

CCAT

21 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Contiguous & Virtual Concatenation

• In Contiguous Concatenation of VC-4 structure is multiple of STM-1,4,16,64,256

• In VCAT multiplexing technique that allows granular increments of bandwidth in single VC-n units.
• LO-VCAT uses X times VC11, VC12
• HO-VCAT uses X times of VC-3 VC-4
In above example requirement is 430Mbps, in contiguous concatenation 4 VC-4 is occupied and in
VCAT only 3 VC-4 are used. To match the 100% near Utilization

22 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Virtual vs. Contiguous Concatenation

23 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
• LCAS is defined in G.7042 (also numbered Y.1305)
• LCAS extends VCAT by allowing dynamic BW changes
• LCAS is a protocol for dynamic adding/removing of VCAT members
- hitless BW modification
- similar to Link Aggregation Control Protocol for Ethernet links
• LCAS is not a “control plane” or “management” protocol
- it doesn’t allocate the members
- still need control protocols to perform actual allocation
• LCAS is a “handshake” protocol
- it enables the path ends to negotiate the additional / deletion
- it guarantees that there will be no loss of data during change
- it can determine that a proposed member is ill suited
- it allows automatic removal of faulty member

24 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
LCAS protocol

25 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
VCAT Channel managed with LCAS

LCAS helps network operators to efficiently control NG SDH connections established at VCAT sites.
The use of LCAS is not compulsory, but improves VCAT management.

26 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
LCAS applications

VCAT bandwidth allocation, LCAS enables the resizing of the VCAT pipe in use when it receives an order
from the NMS to increase or decrease the size.
• Network Resilience, In the case of a partial failure of one path, LCAS reconfigures the connection using
the members still up and able to continue carrying traffic.
• Asymmetric Configurations, LCAS is a unidirectional protocol allowing the provision of asymmetric
bandwidth between two MSSP nodes to configure asymmetric links
• Cross-Domain Operation, because LCAS resides only at edge nodes it is not necessary to coordinate
more than one configuration centre

27 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential
 Thank You..

28 17/01/2015 © Nokia 2014 - File Name - Version - Creator - DocID

Confidential