Modern Trends

Chapter 3
Understanding Regulations,
Accreditation Criteria, and
Other Standards of Practice
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th Edition
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

All rights reserved.
Licensing
 Regulations provide the baseline for
acceptable care of children and are
meant to be minimum standards below
which no program should operate.
Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

9th Edition
All Rights Reserved.
Decker/Decker/Freeman/Knopf 3-2
Definitions
 Regulation: A binding rule
created outside the program.
 Standard: A statement of
expectations for program
characteristics and performance.

9th Edition
Types of Regulations
 Zoning regulations govern land use.
 Building codes address issues such as
wiring, plumbing, building materials.
 Fire and sanitation regulations set
health and safety standards.
 Child care licensing regulations
address many aspects of programs’
operations.
9th Edition
Why?
 Should achieve their primary purpose of
ensuring adequate, safe care of
children.
 Also benefits those who provide care as
well as the children they serve. A
license carries with it an official
recognition of the importance of the job

9th Edition
Who?
 Not all programs are covered by
licensing
 Exempted programs usually include
programs such as church sponsored,
recreation programs, etc.
 Family members being cared for in the
home do not have to be licensed
 Licensing alone does not guarantee
quality
9th Edition
States’ child care center
licensing codes typically address:
 The process of obtaining a license
 The program’s organization and
administration
 Staffing patterns including ratios and
group size
 Required characteristics of facilities and
provisions for transporting children
9th Edition
States’ child care center licensing
codes typically address: (continued)
 Practices to safeguard children’s health
and safety
 Required activities and equipment
 Allowable forms of discipline
 How programs are to communicate with
and involve families
 Nutrition and food services
9th Edition
Licensing Regulations
 CCL Home
 DCFS - Bureau of Services for Child Care Nevada
 Differences between
Title 5 and Title 22
programs
 child care law regulations

9th Edition
Recommendations
American Public Health Association., American Academy of
Pediatrics
Age Child:Staff Group Size

0-24 Months 3:1 6
25-30 Months 4:1 8
31-35 Months 5:1 10
3 year olds 7:1 14
4-5 year olds 8:1 16
6-8 year olds 10:1 20
9-12 year olds 12:1 24
9th Edition
NAEYC Recommends
Age Child:Staff Group Size
Birth-18 Months 3:1 adults 6
18:1 teacher
Toddlers 16:1 teacher 12
18-36 months 4:1 adult
Preschool 8:1 adults 24
3-5 years 24:1 teacher
School age 28:1 adult 28
14:1 teacher
9th Edition
Title 5 and Title 22
Age Title 5 Title 22
Infants 1:3 adult-child 1:4 adult-child
Birth-18 months 1:18 teacher-child 1:12 teacher-child
Toddlers 1:4 adult-ratio 1:6 adult-child

18-36 months 1:16 teacher-child Maximum group
size:12
Preschool 1:8 adult-child 1:12 teacher-child
36 months- 1:24 teacher-child Aide adds 3
kindergarten
School-Age 1:14 adult-child 1:14 teacher

1:28 teacher-child 15-28 teacher+aide
29-42 2 teachers+aide
9th Edition
Accreditation
 A voluntary system of evaluation
 Require higher-than-minimal quality
 Require substantial (not full) compliance
 Nationally developed, validated, and enforced
 NAEYC Program Accreditation is considered
the “gold standard”
 Accreditation: National Association for the Educa

9th Edition
Quality Rating Systems (QRS)
 In place in at least 14 states; many states
have programs in development
 Designed to inform the public about the
quality of participating programs
 Bridge the gap between minimal standards
(licensing) and the high quality documented
by program accreditation
 NCCIC - QRS Definition and Statewide Systems

9th Edition
Types of private ownership
 Proprietorship
 Owned by one person
 Owner faces personal liability for all activities
 Since there is no separate entity, there is no entity
taxation
 Partnership (general or limited partnership)
 2 or more owners
 Can own property as a separate legal entity
 Owners face personal liability for business wrongs
 No separate entity tax owed by owners

9th Edition
Types of private ownership (cont.)
 Limited liability company (LLC)
 A separate legal entity
 State filing needed to establish
 Can be taxed like a partnership or corporation at
owner’s choice
 Limited personal liability for wrongdoings of
employees
 Corporation
 State law governs incorporation and operations
 A separate legal entity
 Operated by a board of directors
 Can be Subchapter “S” or “C”; “S” corporations have
limited corporate taxes
9th Edition
Fiscal regulations
 Violations can result in civil and/or
criminal penalties. To avoid penalties:
 Honor all contracts
 Follow IRS regulations
 Obtain Federal Employer Identification Number
(FEIN)
 File required tax returns
 Withhold appropriate taxes from employees

9th Edition
Laws that protect the staff and
the program
 Civil Rights Act (1964) & Equal Opportunity Act
(1972)
 American with Disabilities Act P.L. 101-336
(1990)
 Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
 Family and Medical Leave Act (1993)
It is important to stay abreast of recent developments.

9th Edition
Licensing Does Not…
 Guarantee quality
 Address issues such as equity, pay,
benefits, etc
 Gives the bare minimum for the
health and safety of children

9th Edition

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Chapter 3

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs, 9th Edition

© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

Age Child:Staff Group Size

Toddlers 1:4 adult-ratio 1:6 adult-child

School-Age 1:14 adult-child 1:14 teacher

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

It is important to stay abreast of recent developments.

Planning and Administering Early Childhood Programs,

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