Escolar Documentos
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I.
(ÉC Åûªu-´-Ææ®Ωç. v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ Ö†o °æüË∞¡x (-Å-´¤-†’. üËEo
Sasir: Hello, may I speak to Mr. Vasanth? í∫’Jç* §∂ÚØ˛ îËÆæ’h-
Å´÷t-®·E ¢ÁçôØË ÇÆæp-vAéÀ ûª®Ω-Lç-î√L.
(´Ææçû˝í¬JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-´î√a?) Ééπ\úø Ç §ƒ°æèπ◊ v°æü∑¿´’ *éÀûªq îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx Ø√o-®ΩçúŒ?)
Anjani: May I know who is speaking Subhankar: I wish to
(Please)?
èπÿú≈ á´y®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’. O’ ambulance †’
(á´®Ω’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ó ¢ÁçôØË °æç°œç-îªçúÕ). speak to the
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?) Manager please.
Yugandhar: Certainly. It'll be on the move in a
Sasir: I am Sasir here. Mr. Vasanth is
expecting my call. Please put me few minutes. Address, please. (¢Ë’ØË-ï-®˝ûÓ
´÷ö«x-ú≈L)
through. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈, éÌCl éπ~ù«™x •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-
ûª’çC. Address îÁ°æpçúÕ). Rudrani: Sorry. She is out on business. Not É°æ¤púø’ ÉC English™ Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ practise îËߪ’çúÕ.
expected back/ may not be back till after îÁjvûª: £æ«™, v¨»´-ùÀ-í¬-®Ω’-Ø√o-®ΩçúŒ?
(؈’ ¨¡P®˝, ´Ææç-û˝-í¬®Ω’ F §∂ÚØ˛ éÓÆæ¢Ë’
Purandhar: 21/42 Gandhi Road, Left off the
12 noon.
®Ó£œ«ùÀ: á´-®ΩçúŒ ´÷ö«x-úËC?
îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’/ ††’o §∂ÚØ˛ îËߪ’-´’-Ø√o®Ω’)
Anjani: Please hold. I'll put the call through Main Road, next to the
Ganganamma temple.
(Sorry. Ç¢Á’ °æE-O’ü¿ •ßª’öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«x®Ω’. 12 îÁjvûª: ؈’ îÁjvûª. v¨»´-ùÀ-í¬-Í®-Ø√çúŒ?
®Ó£œ«ùÀ: é¬ü¿çúŒ (Sorry). Ø√Ê°®Ω’ ®Ó£œ«ùÀ. v¨»´-ùÀ-í¬®Ω’
(é¬Ææh Çí∫çúÕ. O’èπ◊ éπ©’-°æ¤-û√†’) ü∆õ‰ü∆é¬ Ç¢Á’ AJ-T´≤ƒh®Ω-†’-éÓ-´úøç ™‰ü¿’.)
Dialling to Vasanth – ´Ææç-û˝èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îËÆæ÷h 21/42 í¬çDµ ®Óúø’f, ¢Á’®·Ø˛ ®Óúø’fèπ◊ Subhankar: That's disappointing really. This is
Sir, Mr. Sasir is on line for you. áúø-´’-¢Ë°æ¤, í∫çí¬-†´’t í∫’úÕ-°æéπ\. something important
v°æÆæ’hûªç Åçü¿’-¶«-öx-™‰®Ω’. ØËØË-´’Ø√o ≤ƒßª’-
Yugandhar: It'll be there in five minutes. If you
°æúø-í∫-©Ø√?
îÁjvûª: Thank you; Ç¢Á’ á°æ¤p-úø’ç-ô’ç-ü¿çúŒ?
(O’éÓÆæç ¨¡P-®˝-í¬®Ω’ ™„jØÓx ÖØ√o®Ω’). (E®√-¨¡-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. Ñ N≠æߪ’ç î√™« ´·êu-
Vasanth: Put him through. (Connection need anything more, feel free to
®Ó£œ«ùÀ: ÉçéÓ È®çúø’ í∫çô©’ °æöÔda.
¢Á’içC)
To Sasir: Hello, Mr. Sasir, I call us. May I know who is speaking please?
îÁjvûª: Ñ N≠æߪ’ç Ç¢Á’ûÓ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®√? (Message
É´yçúÕ).
Appreciate your punctuality you are (á´-®ΩçúŒ, ´÷ö«x-úøôç?)
(Å®·ü¿’ EN’-≥ƒ™x Åéπ\-úø’ç-ô’çC.
on the dot. Rudrani: I am Rudrani, her assistant can I be ¢√úøçúÕ)
®Ó£œ«ùÀ: îÁ°æpçúÕ. ØËØ√-¢Á’èπ◊ îÁ•’-û√†’.
ÉçÍé-´’Ø√o 鬢√-©Ø√o, §∂ÚØ˛ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊
(¨¡P-®˝ûÓ: ¨¡P-®˝-í¬®Ω÷, O’ Ææ´’-ߪ’-§ƒ-©† any help please?
îÁjvûª: ØËF Ü∞x Í®°æ¤ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç ´®Ωèπÿ Öçö«†’.
ÆæçéÓ-*ç-îª-éπçúÕ.)
¶«í∫’çC. îÁ°œp† õ„j¢˛’èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ î˨»®Ω’)
¢Ë’ç Éü¿l®Ωç áéπ\úø, á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©-´’ØË
U.Srinivasarao, Singarayakonda. 4. Sub Verb Indirect object Direct object A. Would rather =
Q. Verb éÀ to infinitive éÀ ûËú≈ N´- He told me a story áèπ◊\´ É≠ædç/ éÓ®Ω’-
Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ to infinitive E É™« î√™« structures ÖØ√o®·. É™« OöÀ éÓ-´úøç.
verb ÅE, verb E to infinitive ÅE ≤ƒßª’çûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈ English îªü¿-´-úøç-´©x I would rather you
Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’. Ñ ûËú≈†’ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù- (Newspapers, Magazines, etc) ûªy®Ωí¬, ¶«í¬ went by air =
©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´îª’a. †’´¤y N´÷-†ç™
¢Á∞¡}-úø¢Ë’ Ø√éÀ≠ædç/
A. Verb - Sentence ™ Subject ûª®√yûª à´÷ô/ G.Shankar, Kesavapatnam ؈’ éÓÍ®C.
´÷ô©’ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ sentence ÖçúøüÓ ÅC verb. Q. Sir, I saw a sentence in a standard publica- They would rather
She sings well. Ñ sentence ™ She, sub- tion. That is in 3rd class English text book. Q. To be + ing form; To be + PP-
you paid them by cheque = -†’-´¤y -îÁé˙ -üΔy®√ OöÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’™
ject (sentence 'She' í∫’Jç* îÁ§ÚhçC 鬕öÀd). 'Shivaji will soon be shifting here with his ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-J-≤ƒh®√?
She BÊÆÊÆh, ... sings well. Ñ ¶μ«í∫ç™ 'sings'
îÁ-Lxç-îª-úø-¢Ë’ -¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ -É-≠dçæ / -¢√-∞¡Ÿx éÓ®Ω’èπ◊-ØË-C.
family'. Here why did not use 'moving'. Q. It is time we started A. To be + ing -- To be going, to be wasting
™‰éπ-§ÚûË, She well DEéÀ Å®Ωnç °æ‹®Ωh-´-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, A. É©’x ´÷®Ωúøç, E¢√Ææç/ office ™«çöÀN äéπ-îÓ-öÀ- It is time they completed time, to be sleeping, etc = Çߪ÷ °æ†’©’
ÅC sentence é¬ü¿’– Åçõ‰ subject (She) †’ç* ÉçéÓ-îÓ-öÀéÀ ´÷®Ωúøç/ ´÷®Ωaúøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ It is time he came. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. îËÆæ÷h Öçúøôç.
ûª®√yûª, 'sings' ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, sentence Öçúøü¿’. 'shift' ¢√úøôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. 'Move' ÅØË ÅØ√L. A. It is time we started - É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx It is time... a) To be going there every morning is
鬕öÀd sings, verb. Å™«Íí, They sing only Shivaji will soon be shifting ņúøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç, Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç üΔöÀ-§Ú-®·ç-ü¿E, É°æ¤p-úø- difficult = ®ÓW Öü¿ßª’ç Åéπ\-úÕ-Èé∞¡⁄hçúøôç
Hindi songs ÅØË sentence ™, sing, verb Moving ÅØË ÅØ√L. ®·Ø√ ûÌçü¿-®Ω-°æ-úø-´’E.
Å´¤-ûª’çC. He is playing cricket- Ñ sentence éπ≠dçæ .
Q. In the same publication in 4th class text It is time we started = •ßª’-©’-üË-®√-Lq† Æ洒ߪ’ç
b) To be wasting time is not good =
™ He, subject. He ûª®√yûª, is ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ (He book.. üΔöÀ-§Ú-®·Ø√ Éçé¬ ´’†ç •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
playing cricket), playing ™‰éπ-§Ú--ûË (He is crick- It is time they completed- (ÉC °æ‹Jh-é¬-™‰-ü¿’)
Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%ü∑Δ îËÆæ’hç-úøôç ´’ç*-C-é¬ü¿’.
"Are we going by taxi then?"
et) sentence Öçúøü¿’. 鬕öÀd Éçü¿’™ 'is play- c) To be spending money like him is not
Before taxi we use 'in' but here why did It is time they completed the work =
ing' ÅØËC verb. Sing, play, walk, talk, possible for all =
use by taxi if there is any exception please °æE á°æ¤púÓ °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷-LqçC, Éçé¬ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. Åûª-úÕ™« úø•’s ê®Ω’a-°-úø’-
write, go, come, sit, stand- É´Fo verbs. clarify. ûª’ç-úøôç Åçü¿-Jéà ≤ƒüμ¿uç é¬ü¿’.
To be + PP = to be appointed, to be elected,
It is time he came
to be seen, to be taken, etc = Çߪ÷ °æ†’©’
îËߪ’-•-úøôç.
To be appointed to the post is his luck =
Ç °æü¿-NéÀ Eߪ’-N’-ûª’-úø-´úøç ÅûªúÕ Åü¿%≠ædç.
To be elected president of a country is not
ÉN Present simple tense. I, we, you
OöÀE, easy =
It is time he came = Åûªúø’ ®√¢√-Lq† äéπ ü˨»-EéÀ Åüμ¿u-èπ~◊-úø’í¬ áEo-éπ-´úøç
and they verbs, (sing,
ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç. É™«çöÀ Ææ’©¶μºç é¬ü¿’.
play, walk, talk, write, go, etc.)
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 603
Æ洒ߪ’ç á°æ¤púÓ üΔöÀ-§Ú-®·çC/ á°æ¤púÓ
´·çü¿’, Q. I could have written.
to Infinitives
°úÕûË, ÅN Å´¤-û√®·. ®√¢√-LqçC, Éçé¬ ®√™‰ü¿’.
Q. Though known as the smallest -Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ûÁ©’-í∫’™ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰..
Verbs: Go, walk, talk, write, etc. A. By taxi correct. In taxi
continent Australia is actually the
ņ-úø¢Ë’ 1) ؈’ ®√ߪ’-í∫-LT ÖçúË-¢√-úÕE
Infinitives: to go, to walk, to talk, to write, etc. By bus/ car/ taxi/ lorry/
largest Island in the World.
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. 2) ؈’ ®√Æœ Öçúø-´îª’a.. OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d?
Infinitives èπ◊ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd ´‚úø-®√n-©’ç-ö«®·. plane/ ship On cycle/
A. I could have written DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç,
Åçö«ç. Éçü¿’™ Åçúø-®˝-™„jØ˛ îËÆœ† phrase èπ◊
1) äéπ °æE îËߪ’úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. To speak bike/ horse back top
ÅE ™‰E M.SURESAN O’J-*a† ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC. Å®·ûË, ÅC °æ‹Jhí¬ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
English is easy = -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -´÷-ö«x-úø-ôç -ûË-Léπ. ¢√£æ«-Ø√-©-éπçö«ç. Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
A. ÅA *†o êçúøçí¬ Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æ œ-†-°æp-öÀéà ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç: ؈’ ®√ߪ’-í∫-LT ÖçúË-¢√-úÕØË, é¬F
To walk such a distance is difficult = Åçûª
ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´úøç éπ≠dçæ . äé𠧃®∏Ω-èπ◊úø’ Q. Precipitate, precipitation Ñ °æüΔ-©èπ◊ Å®√nEo
®√ߪ’-™‰ü¿’.
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√nEo ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. Ééπ\úø but Q. éÀçC ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’ present participle preposi-
2) Infinitive èπ◊ È®çúÓ Å®Ωnç– äéπ °æE-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’?
tions ÅE -îª-C-¢√-†’. OöÀ Å®√n©’ ¢√úø’-éπ-©†’
ÅE (éÓÆæç). Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? A. Precipitate= 1) v°æ´÷ü¿ç/ Ææ´’Ææu ņ’-èπ◊-†o-üΔ-E-
He is here to help me = Åûªúø’ Ø√éÀ-éπ\úø There is no man but wishes to live. éπçõ‰ ´·çüË Ææç¶μº-NçîË °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ éπLpç-îªúøç. ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
1) Considering his good method of teach-
There is no rose but has some thorn. a) The company's dismissal of the union
ing, the fees is not high
≤ƒßª’ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÖØ√oúø’.
I need money to buy books = °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ A. Ñ sentences no man but = every man;
™ leader precipitated a strike by the work-
ers = 2) Barring bad thoughts, he will lead a good
éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ úø•’s©’ Å´-Ææ®Ωç. no rose but = every rose. É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ߪ‚E-ߪ’Ø˛ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕE °æE-™ ç*
no... but = every life hereafter.
3) Infinitive èπ◊ ´‚úÓ Å®Ωnç– 'ÅE—. He wishes (v°æA) ûÌ©-Tç-îªúøç Ææ¢Á’tèπ◊ üΔJ BÆœçC/ Ææ¢Á’t °æJ-
3) Regarding your book publication, we are
to go home = Åûªúø’ ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©E éÓ®Ω’- No man but wishes to live = Every man Æœn-AE éπLpç-*çC.
wishes = v°æA ´’E≠‘ •ûª-éπ-íÓ-®Ω-û√úø’. b) His entering politics precipitated his ready to help you.
èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
brother's demand for a division of proper- 4) Respecting the idea given by you, I shall
He wants to sing = Åûªúø’ §ƒú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. No rose but has a thorn = Every rose has a
thorn = ty = Çߪ’† ®√ï-éÃߪ’ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç Çߪ’† ≤Úü¿-®Ω’úø’ act there.
Infinitive, verb é¬ü¿’. îª÷úøçúÕ: v°æA í∫’™«-Héà ´·©’xç-ô’çC. é¬F Ñ
ÇÆœh °æç°æéπç îËÊÆ °æJ-ÆœnA éπLpç-*çC/ üΔJ- 5) Concerning last month's murder, he did
go - verb; To go - infinitive;
¢√úøéπç î√™« ví¬çC∑éπç.
Q. Such as, the same as, the same that OöÀ
B-ÆœçC. not take step so far.
sing - verb; To sing - infinitive.
usage E ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. 2) (Science ™) äéπ N’v¨¡-´’ç-™ E vü¿´, °∂æ’† 6) Touching her matter, I could not take any
to infinitive
step.
äéÓ\-≤ƒJ, ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´Ææ÷hç-ô’çC.
A. Such as = Å™«çöÀ/ É™«çöÀ.
°æüΔ-®√n©’ ¢Ë®Ω’-é¬-´úøç. (Ö°æ¤p N’v¨¡-´÷Eo
eg: I saw him (to) escape. ´’J-TÊÆh Ö°æ¤p ûËL ¢Ë®Ω-®·-§Ú-´úøç, ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωù) 7) Pending another call from chennai, we
[ (to escape- Books such as the Bhagavadgita teach us
Åûªúø’ ûª°œpç--éÌE §Úûª÷ç-úøôç Ñ Precipitation = 1) °j† ûÁL-°œ† Ωu©’ ïJÍí stay here itself.
sentence to
™, BÊÆÆœ Íé´©çescape ¢√ú≈ç– the right way to live =¶μºí∫-´-D_-ûª-™«çöÀ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ °æJ-ÆœnA éπLpç-îªúøç. A. O’®Ω’ ´÷ô© grammatical names ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-
plain infinitive. Sentence ÆæÈ®j† @´† NüμΔ-Ø√Eo ¶Cμ-≤ƒh®·.
The leader's death caused the precipita-
ÅC Å®Ωnç: Åûªúø’
The same as = Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√Í®/ Å™«ç-öÀüË. †-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ ÆæJí¬ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊/ ®√ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊.
tion of a leadership problem =
ûª°œpç--èπ◊E §Úûª’ç-úøôç ؈’ îª÷¨»†’). Å®·ûË Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úÕ
correct í¬ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊, to infinitive (to go, to A is the same as B = A, B ™«çöÀ-¢√úË/
¢√öÀE O’®Ω’ ÆæJí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊E ¢√úø-ö«-EéÀ, ÅN
sing, etc) èπÿ, verb èπÿ ûËú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.]
´’®Ωùç Ø√ߪ’-éπûªy Ææ´’-Ææuèπ◊ üΔJ-B-ÆœçC. participle prepositions ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
B ™«çöÀüË.
Q. ¢√é¬u-©†’ EJtç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’ßË’u, ≤ƒüμΔ-®Ω-ùçí¬ The same that... sentence †’ •öÀd D†®Ωnç
2) ´®Ω{-§ƒûªç, £œ«´’(-´’ç-)-§ƒûªç. üΔE-´©x O’èπ◊ confusion ûª°æp àç Öçúøü¿’. ¢√öÀ
¢√úË ´·êu-¢Á’i† éÌEo structures ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’- There was a sudden precipitation leading Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E ¢√úøçúÕ.
Öçô’çC. the streets to be covered with rain water, 1) ÅûªúÕ ´’ç* °æü¿l¥-ûª’-©†’ °æJ-Q-LÊÆh
Q. It cannot be true
í∫-©®Ω’.
A. ´·êu-¢Á’i† éÌEo structures: Ö†o-ô’dçúÕ ´®Ω{-§ƒûªç ´©x ®ÓúøxEo ï©-´’-ߪ’- 2) îÁúø’ Ç™-îª-†©’ ûª°œpÊÆh/ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰; é¬F Ééπ\úø
It may not be true
1. Subject (Sub.) + Verb + Direct Object ´’-ߪ÷u®·. barring ¢√úøéπç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
She knows English °j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπÿ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? Q. Past participle E adjective í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË 3) Regarding = Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç*/ Ç
He cut his finger A. It cannot be true = ÉC Eïç é¬ñ«-©ü¿’, Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©†’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh
The teacher did (not) explain the chapter Å≤ƒüμ¿uç. A. The torn book = Ééπ\úø torn, tear èπ◊ past 4) †’Ny-*a† Ç™-îª-†èπ◊ íı®Ω-´-N’Ææ÷h/ üΔEo °æJ-í∫-
2. Subject + Verb + Infinitive It may not be true = ÉC Eïç é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a participle. Torn book= *E-T† °æ¤Ææhéπç. Torn ù-†-™éÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊çô÷
The student tried to score high (PP) °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûÓçC, 鬕öÀd, Ñ 5) üΔEéÀ Ææç•ç-Cμç*
(ÆæçüË£æ«ç)
The teacher wishes to help us. Q. I would rather you went by air. past participle, adjective í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ
6) Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷EéÌÊÆh/ Ææç•ç-Cμç*
3. Sub Verb Object Infinitive ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωù. Å™«Íí the deadman ™ dead, the
They would rather you paid them by 7) îÁØÁj o †’ç* ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ phone ´îËa-´-®Ωèπ◊.
(Noun/ Pronoun)
cheque. closed factory ™x, dead, closed past partici-
Sunil wants me to help him pending = °æ‹Jh-é¬E.
ples used as adjectives.
Chandana advised Geeta to study well Ñ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
H e knows the subject inside out bred in Hyderabad, she is well up on/ clued
up on Telugu language and Telugu culture =
Ç¢Á’ ¶„çí¬M Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛™ °æ¤öÀd
°®Ω-í∫-úøç-´©x ûÁ©’í∫’ ¶μ«≥ƒ, ÆæçÆæ \%B ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’.
3) Know something inside out = b) We had better be clued up on/ about the new
Chandana: How many classes have you had
äéπ N≠æߪ’ç °æ‹Jhí¬/ èπ~◊ùoçí¬/ computer system before we start using it =
of his? Just a few, aren't they?
-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 604
How could you form an opinion so
™ûª’-§ƒ-ûª’©’ ¶«í¬ ûÁLÆœ Öçúøôç. Ñ éÌûªh éπç°æ‹u-ô®˝ ÆœÆdçæ -¢√-úø-ôç ¢Á·ü¿©’°ôd-éπ-
a) Having been a finance minister ´·çü¿’ üΔE í∫’-Jç-* ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-úøç ´’ç*C.
soon?
for long, Mr. Rosaiah knows the 7) To keep oneself abreast of something =
(-Ç-ߪ’-† é¬xÆæ’-©’ -O’èπ◊ -á-†o-ߪ÷u®·? Chandana: The college manage- state finances inside out = î√™«- äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷EéÀ Ææç-•ç-Cμç-*-† †÷ûª† °æJ-ù«-´÷©’
éÌØËo éπüΔ? -†’-´¤y Åçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ment has to be congrat- 鬩ç ÇJn-éπ-´’ç-vAí¬ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x ûÁLÆœ Öçúøôç.
ÅGμ-v§ƒßª’ç ᙫ -à®Ωp®Ω-éÓí∫-©´¤?) ulated on their choice of a) Though he is in the US, he keeps himself
Charchita: Why, he has taught us a whole M.SURESAN ®Ó¨¡-ߪ’uèπ◊ ®√≠æZ ÇJnéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’
such a good lecturer. °æ‹Jhí¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. abreast of the goings on in AP = -Ç-ߪ’-†
week. During this period he has
(É™«çöÀ -™„éπa®Ω®˝-†’ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’èπ◊†o b) You cannot be any use to your students if Å¢Á’-J-鬙 Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸™ -àç ï®Ω’-í∫’-
convinced us that he knows the
you don't know your subject inside out =
ߪ÷ï-´÷-Ø√uEo ÅGμ-†ç-C-çî√-LqçüË.) ûª’-†oD á°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’ç-ö«úø’.
subject inside out. b) What's the latest here? I having been
Look at the following expressions from the F -Ææ-•bèπ◊d í∫’-Jç-* °æ‹Jhí¬ ûÁL-ÊÆh-í¬F †’´¤y F
(ÅüËçöÀ? -Ç-ߪ’-† ´÷èπ◊ ¢√®Ωç-§ƒô’ abroad for a few weeks, I couldn't keep
conversation above: NüΔu-®Ω’n-©Íéç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-™‰´¤.
îÁ§ƒp-úÕç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊. Ñ é¬©ç™ -Ç-ߪ’-†èπ◊ myself abreast of the happenings here =
Ææ-•èb π◊d ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’-ÆæØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ´÷èπ◊ 1) He is knowledgeable. 5) Buff = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ¶«í¬ ÇÆæéÀh (interest)
à-N’öÀ éÌûªh N¨Ï-≥ƒ-L-éπ\úø? éÌCl-¢√-®√-©’í¬ NüË-¨»™x
ûÁL-ߪ’-´-îËaô’d î˨»úø’.) 2) Put things across. ÖçúÕ Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo °æ‹Jhí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Öçúø-ôç-´©x, Ééπ\úø ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o N≠æ-ߪ÷© í∫’Jç*
Chandana: My brother is acquainted with him; 3) .... that he knows the subject inside out a) An electronics buff, he surprized his profes- á°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.
he says this lecturer is a computer 4) My brother is acquainted with him. sors and friends at college by designing a 2) Put things across - N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îª-úøç/ Å®Ωn
buff and can do almost anything cell phone with the latest features =
5) .... he is a computer buff.
-á-©é¬Z-Eé˙q -´’-ßË’u-™« N´-Jç-îª-úøç.
on the computer. Åçõ‰ Åûª-úÕéÀ v§ƒùç. ÅüË°æEí¬ üΔEo Åüμ¿u-ߪ’†ç a) A good communicator, Arun Jaitley can put
6) He is well up on the subject.
(´÷ ņoèπ◊ -Çߪ’-†-ûÓ °æJ-îªßª’ç ÖçC. îË≤ƒhúø’. Åû√u-üμ¿’-Eéπ ©éπ~-ù«-©ûÓ ÂÆ-™ ¸-§∂Ú-Ø˛ across even very complex ideas = ´’ç*
-Ç-ߪ’-†èπ◊ èπç°æ‹u-ô®˝ Åçõ‰ -î√-™« ÇÆæéÀh, 7) He keeps himself abreast of the latest in the ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç* ¢√∞¡} -v§Ò°∂Ææ®Ωx-†÷, ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©†÷ communicator (îªéπ\í¬ Éûª-®Ω’-©-éπ-®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x
É≠ædç ÅE, üΔE ´‚©çí¬ éπç°æ‹-u-ô®˝ûÓ subject. Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-®Ω-î√úø’. ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©-¢√∞¡Ÿx) Å®Ω’-ù˝-ñ„jöÃx ÆæçéÀx-≠d¢æ Á’i† N≠æ-
üΔüΔ°æ¤ àü¿-®·Ø√ îËߪ’-í∫-©-úøE ´÷ 8) He was clued up on the latest. b) She is a movie buff. Ask her anything about
ߪ÷-©†’ èπÿ-ú≈ îªéπ\í¬ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©úø’.
Knowledgeable, know something, inside b) The syllabus is above the standard of this
ņo îÁ°æ¤hç-ö«-úø’.) movies and she has an answer = Ç¢Á’èπ◊
Charchita: So have we found him. Raise a out, be acquainted with, buff, be well up on, class. (It is) difficult to put it across to the
students of this age group = class stan-
doubt and he has a clarification.
ÆœE-´÷-©çõ‰ v§ƒùç/ ÇÆæéÀh. ¢√öÀ í∫’-Jç-* ÅüË
keep oneself abreast of, be clued up on – Ñ
He is well up abreast on the sub- dards syllabus.
°æEí¬ Åüμ¿u-ߪ’†ç îËÆæ’hçC. à ÆœE´÷ N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçD Ñ ´ßª’-Ææ’-
ject, and can explain things in a
É´Fo èπÿú≈ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ûÁLÆœ Öçúøôç ÅØË -îÁÊ°p-ߪ’í∫-©’í∫’-ûª’ç-C. NüΔu-®Ω’n-©-éÀC N´-Jç-îª-úøç éπ≠dçæ .
very simple way. And the other Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\´ ûªèπ◊\´ ÅØË ûËú≈ûÓ ¢√úË words 4) Be acquainted with = N≠æߪ’ç/ ´’†’-≠æfl-©ûÓ Â°j´Fo èπÿú≈ spoken English ™ ûª®Ω-îª÷- ¢√úË
thing is he keeps himself abreast and Phrases. É°æ¤púø’ OöÀ í∫’-Jç-* N´-®Ωçí¬
°æJ-îªßª’ç Öçúøôç. expressions. ´’† Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù™x ≤Òçûªç îËÆæ’-èπ◊çüΔç.
of the subject. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çüΔç.
K. Omkar, Visakhapatnam. Q. A English master A master in
ņ-ú≈-EéÀ •ü¿’©’ correct é¬ü¿’. Completed (Past simple) ÅE Rice = Gߪ’uç/ ņoç (ÖúÕ-éÀç-*† Gߪ’uç/
Q. 'éÌCl-®Ó-V©’ í∫úÕ-î√®·— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ éÀçC English ÅØÌî√a? °ö«d-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ past ™ à time ™ complete ´çúÕ† Gߪ’uç)
È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d? A. English master = English teacher Å®·çD ûÁLÊ° °æü¿ç– Yesterday/ Two days ago/ Food = ǣ慮Ωç, à -ǣ慮Ω-¢Á’iØ√, °∂æ’†, vü¿´
1. A few days passed Master of (in
é¬ü¿’) English = English °j† half an hour ago ™«çöÀ expressions ™‰´¤ éπüΔ?
2. A few days are passed
°æüΔ-®√n© ®Ω÷°æç™ (¶μï†ç §ƒF-ߪ÷-™«xç-öÀN,
¶«í¬ °æô’d-†o-¢√úø’. 鬕öÀd completed ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Time îÁ°æpE past ´·êuçí¬ ¨¡éÀh-éÓÆæç BÆæ’-¢√L)
A. A few day's passed Å-†-úøç correct. (are Q. •çí¬-®Ω’-©çéπ ´÷Ææd®˝ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ master at action í¬ ÖçC ÉC. Åçü¿’-éπE– He has com-
passed = ÅçCç-îª-•-úø-û√®·. All the letters are pleted the work, correct. He was completed Nice, Good, Fantastic, Fine = Ñ Ø√©’í∫’
Bangaru lanka ÅØÌî√a?
passed (on) to the boss = Öûªh-®√-©Fo boss èπ◊ A. ņ-´îª’a. (Åûª†’ °æ‹Jh îËߪ’-•-ú≈fúø’)– É™« ņç éπüΔ. ÉC °æüΔ©÷ üË-†o®·-Ø√ ¢Á’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπÿ, àüÁjØ√ î√™«
ÅçCçîª/ °æç°æ-•-úø-û√®·. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ – U. Srinivasarao, S.Konda (Prakasam Dt.) ûª°æ¤p. He completed ÅØË Åçö«ç. time îÁÊ°h. ¶«í∫’çC/ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬/ Åçü¿çí¬/ Ç£æ…x-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬/
(ÅçC≤ƒhç/ °æç°œ≤ƒhç) He will complete the work ÅØÌa. é¬F future ´’ç* ņ’-¶μº´ç éπL-Tç-îË™« ÖçC ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊
Q. NüΔu-®Ω’n©’ ë«S©’ °æ‹Jç-îË-ô-°æ¤púø’ correct tense
Q. F skintone fantastic ÅE hero, heroin ûÓ ™ à time- tomorrow/ in an hour/ by the ¢√-úø-û√ç. Å™« ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤úø’ OöÀ™x äéπ-üΔ-EéÀ, ÉçéÓ-
verb form ᙫ °ö«dL? ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ He .......
ÅØ√oúø’. Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? evening ™«çöÀ ´÷ô™‰ç ™‰´¤ éπüΔ? 鬕öÀd, ÉC üΔ-Eéà ŮΩnç™ ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ Å®√n©’ Å®·ûË,
(complete) his work. Ñ ¢√éπuç™ verb à form
A. skintone = Ωt°æ¤ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’/ Ωt ≤˘çü¿®Ωuç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. He will be completed (=¢√úø’ °æ‹JhîËߪ’- Nice = Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Fine = Ø√W-Èéj†, Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’-¢Á’i†.
™ ¢√úÕØ√ È®jõ‰ éπüΔ? Åçõ‰, completed, has
Q. äçõ„-°j† C¢Á’t-™«çöÀ ¶μ«í¬Eo ´‚°æ¤®Ωç Åçö«ç. •-úø-û√úø’) – É™« ņç. First = ÅEoç-öÀ-™ -¢Á·ü¿-öÀC/ ´·çü¿’†o.
completed, was completed, will be complet-
DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? ed, .... Ç ¢√éπuç ¶μ«´ç àN’ö ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ cor- M.Satyanarayana, Hyderabad. Before = ïJ-T† Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†™x, üËE-éπØ√o (ÅEoöÀ
A. Hump rect form ÉD ÅE ᙫ E®Ωg-®·≤ƒhç? Q. éÀçC °æüΔ-©†’ á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø, ᙫ ¢√ú≈L? éπØ√o é¬-†éπ\®Ω-™‰-ü¿’) ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC.
Q. Çúø-°æ-úø’ èπ◊ English àN’öÀ? A. He ..... (Complete) his work. É™«çöÀ sentence 1. Lunch, Rice, Food. His first business was fruits = ÅEoöÀéπ-Ø√o Åûª-úÕ
A. Sister-in-law (´C†/ Çúø-°æ-úø’) © N≠æߪ’ç™ é¬Ææh Ç™-*ÊÆh ûÁL-Æœ-§Ú-ûª’çC. àC 2. Nice, Good, Fantastic, Fine. ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç °æçúø’x.
Q. Some what more Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? correct ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç. Complete- ÉC regular 3. First, Before.
I studied there before I joined here = Ééπ\úø
A. Somewhat more = é¬Ææh áèπ◊\´ action †’ ûÁL-Ê°C éπüΔ! ÅC regular ÅE ûÁLÊ° A. Lunch = ´’üμΔu£æ«o ¶μï†ç. §Òü¿’l† Å™«p-£æ…®Ωç
Q. E®√-úøç-•-®Ω-ûª†’ English ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? °æü¿ç– eg: on time/ promptly/ late every day (breakfast) BÆæ’èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª 3, 4 í∫çô© ´u´-Cμ™ îËÍ®-´·çü¿’ Åéπ\úø îªC-¢√†’.
A. Humility/ modesty/ simplicity ™«çöÀN. Ñ sentence ™ ™‰´¤ 鬕öÀd complete îËÊÆ ¶μï†ç/ ´’üμΔu£æ«oç 1 – 3 í∫çô© ´’üμ¿u)-.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm