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Student
CC. 1053344672
Course 518017A_614
Group 518017_44
Teacher
Henry Lenis
Chiquinquirá Boyacá
2019
Step 5 - Pragmatics
Activities to Develop
Pragmatics. Oxford: OUP Oxford; 2007.; found in the Course Contents, UNIT 2, in the
Knowledge Environment; once you have studied and deliberated on the concepts, please
The main difference between the sentence and the sentence is that the sentence has a
complete meaning, whether oral or written, however, the sentence does not normally convey a
complete meaning.
The propositional content of a sentence is that part of its meaning which can be reduced to a
proposition. This notion allows semanticists to claim that different (types of) sentences may
share the same propositional con-tent, even though they differ in other aspects of meaning. For
example, the interrogative sentence is said to have the same propositional content as the active
declarative sentence and the passive declarative sentence, namely. The difference is that while in
the speaker asserts the corresponding proposition that is, he or she commits him- or herself to the
May be known, believed, or doubted, may be asserted or denied, and may be held constant
the one hand be expressed by different sentences, above. On the other hand, the same sentence
In occasions, the use of the same sentence would express two distinct propositions. Finally,
the relationship between sentence, utterance, and proposition .may be represented schematically
in the tree diagram in (adapted Try putting these principles into practice by doing (Exercise 1 on
p. 18.121.)
Context: They are the Words and sentences that appear before or after a sentence or word and
Children use context as soon as they start to communicate. Children first comprehend
utterances by relying heavily on the physical context in which the communication takes place,
and their first communicative attempts are thus closely connected with the physical “here and
now”, often based on routine communications with others. (Milosky 1992, Bishop 1997.) When
interpreting utterances young children rely strongly on knowledge of their world rather than the
meaning given by the linguistic expression (Strohner & Nelson 1974, Hudson & Nelson 1983,
Marinac & Ozanne 1999) Shatz (1977) has shown that during a play session even 2-year-old
4. Imagine the following situation: a lady friend comes from a beauty parlor; she has a new
haircut. Once you see her you say: “you just had your hair cut!”.
Cleary, you are not saying anything unknown, you friend knows perfectly that she just had
her hair cut… then, what is the function and purpose of your utterance? Explain (Taken
from: Escandell.2011)
We have the general knowledge context. The information derivable from this type of context
Is a set of background assumptions shared by the speaker and the addressee? Stalnaker
(1974) called this common ground. The notion of common ground has been further developed by
Clark (1996), who distinguished communal from personal common ground. The former refers to
the set of background assumptions shared by members of a community, and the latter to the body
of background knowledge two members of a community share from their past experience of each
other.
5. The concept ‘Linguistic under determinacy’ it is explained as “a huge gap between the
meaning of a sentence and the messages actually conveyed by the uttering of that sentence.
In other words, the linguistically encoded meaning of a sentence radically underdetermines
the proposition the speaker expresses when he or she utters that sentence” Huang (2017:5),
this concept is pivotal at understanding how pragmatics meaning work; how do you
It is relative to the practice or performance of actions and not theory. It is a discipline that
studies the language in relation to the context where the idea is developed, that is, the sentences
produced a semantic acceptance but its meaning and interpretation depends on the content and
the linguistic context since the same sentence can have several senses in different contexts In the
pragmatic analysis, several variables are studied, such as the situation, the socio-cultural context,
This example is one that you probably use in your own life every day. Say you are in line at a
store to pay for your purchases. The cashier asks, 'How are you today?' Do you immediately go
into an in-depth account of your health issues, varying mood, relationship status, and everything
else going on in your life? Of course not! Usually, you respond with something similar to, 'Fine,
how are you?' with the same expectation that the cashier will not go into full detail of how she
6. At a daily basis, in teaching and translating areas, linguistics is used even without
being realized; do an inquiry and explain how this disciplined is implemented in any task at
teaching or translating. Your writing will emphasize in any of the classical linguistic levels:
grammar, speech sounds, semantic or pragmatic level. In your explanation be clear and
important factors First: The role of translation in communication and making communicative
framework to engage learners to learn pragmatics of a new language. Second: To avoid using
translation as interference of first language into second language learning. The followings are
First: Pragmatics is extremely interlocked with culture values and during teaching some parts
of lessons it is inevitable to translate the cultural notes to the foreign learners because their
culture values may be are different or even opposite of the lessons cultural points.
Second: Using translation in the form of interpretation (getting sender’s message intention) by
listener or learner and translating into his /her native language simultaneously helps to activate
learner’s mind as a bilingual and also some difficult words or utterances are abstract and
explanation or illustration cannot help to clarify the meanings, so the shortcut in these
predicaments is translation.
Linguistic levels must be taken into account for the correct learning of a second language.
The grammar refers to the compendium of the norms, regularities and restrictions that govern
a specific language. Its radical importance in serving as a query text when in doubt regarding the
use of language, to establish correct forms of expression or to analyze this language. Grammar
first and foremost have a descriptive or prescriptive nature, that is, they focus on unraveling the
way in which a particular language is used, or they focus on establishing how it should be used,
allows communication with a high degree of complexity and abstraction, the complexity that has
been the basis of the capacity for reasoning in man. This process involves interaction based on
articulated sounds, sounds that have the power to generate complex meaning. It is an innate
condition that is possessed, that is, always where there was a society there was the ability to
speak, to communicate through the use of sounds generated by the sounding device.
Semantics is the study of the meaning of words and sentences. The discipline studies the
interpretation of words individually, the construction of sentences and the literal interpretation of
the text in the written form. Proper understanding of semantics relates all academic disciplines in
all languages, since a clear understanding allows any academic to communicate their message
Pragmatics studies the use of language based on the relationship between statement-context-
interlocutors, is interested in analyzing how speakers produce and interpret sentences in a given
context. This shows the importance in the communication of extra-linguistic factors such as the
position of the interlocutors with respect to each other, the knowledge of the world of each of
It is important for our students, to become familiar with this dimension of language, to be
aware of the fundamental role that all these factors play in communicative exchanges.
foreign language. Many studies have shown that in general second language students are not
adequately developing their pragmatic ability. This is why, despite having a broad knowledge of
grammar, syntax, vocabulary and phonetics, most students still have problems understanding the
language used in certain contexts and also when communicating with native speakers of the
language goal. If the conversations between natives, are not exempt from certain
misunderstandings caused by any of these elements, imagine how much more can occur in
Logically, by learning a different language, we tend to apply with it the behavior patterns that
govern ours: when both systems are different, we can fall into misunderstanding. That is why it
is essential to recognize these elements in the discourse of our interlocutors and know how to put
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Östman, J.-O., Ostman, J.-O., & Verschueren, J. (2011). Pragmatics in Practice. Amsterdam:
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