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Experiment # 7

Objective:
To study the operation and able to explain the operation of Mono-stable Multi-
vibrator using 555 timer

Material Required:
 Multi-meter
 Dual beam oscilloscope
 Resistors
 Capacitor
 Bread board
 Timer IC (555)
 Function Generator

Theory:

Mono-stable Multi-vibrator:
Mono-stable Multi-vibrator is also known as One Short Multi-vibrator. As its name
indicates it has one stable state and it switches to unstable state for a predetermined time
period T when it is triggered. The time period T is determined by the RC time constant in the
circuit. Mono-stable mode of 555 Timer is commonly used for generating Pulse Width
Modulated (PWM) waves.

Working:
 The Mono-stable Multi-vibrator will be in its stable state (Output LOW) until it
is triggered.

 When a negative trigger is applied to the Trigger pin of 555 Timer, output of lower
comparator will become HIGH and output of upper comparator will be LOW, since the
capacitor voltage is zero. This makes the output HIGH.

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 The Discharge transistor turns OFF and the capacitor starts charges through resistor R to
Vcc.
 After the negative trigger, output of lower comparator becomes LOW and that of upper
comparator remains LOW. Since both inputs of the SR Flip Flop are LOW, output will not
change, so the output is HIGH.
 When the capacitor voltage will become greater than 2/3 Vcc, output of upper
comparator becomes HIGH and that of lower comparator remains LOW, so the output
becomes LOW.
 This turns ON the discharge transistor and the capacitor discharges.
 The circuit remains in its stable state (Output LOW) until next trigger occurs.

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 11 Circuit diagram of Mono-stable multi-vibrator

This is the circuit diagram of 555 Timer wired in Mono-stable mode. 8th pin and 1st pin of the
555 timer are used to given power Vcc and Ground respectively. 4th pin is the Reset pin of 555
Timer, which is active low so it is connected to Vcc to avoid accidental resets. 5 th pin is the
Control Voltage pin used to provide external reference voltage to internal comparators. Since it
is not used here, it is grounded via capacitor C’ (0.01µF) to avoid high frequency noises. When a
negative trigger is applied on the Trigger input of 555, output goes high and capacitor starts

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charging through resistor R. When the capacitor voltage becomes greater than 2/3 Vcc, ouput
goes low and capacitor starts discharging through the Discharge pin of 555 Timer. Time period
of the unstable state is given by the expression, T = 1.1RC.

Procedure:
 Connected pin 8 of IC (Vcc pin) with to the positive terminal of function generator and
the negative terminal of function generator is connected to the pin 1 of IC (GND).

 Trigger is given at pin 2 of IC (Trigger pin).

 Pin 6 of IC (Threshold pin) with the capacitor of capacitance C and other end of the
capacitor is grounded.

 Pin 7 of IC (Discharge pin) and pin 6 of IC (Threshold pin) are made short-circuited using
jumper wire

 A resistor R is connected between pin 7 of IC (Discharge pin) and pin 8 of IC (Vcc pin).

 Short circuited pin 4 of IC (Reset pin) to the pin 8 of IC (Vcc pin).

 Connected pin 3 of IC to the Output that is observed through oscilloscope.

 Pin 5 of IC (CONT pin) is not used.

Output Waveform:

Figure 12 Output waveform of Mono-stable multi-vibrator

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Conclusion:

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