SP - HERITAGE CONSERVATION

By Ar. Ramil Tibayan, M.A.

HERITAGE​ - Anything of value from the past that gives meaning & identity to the present &
inspires the future generations.

CONSERVATION​ - All the process of looking after a heritage, its values & its cultural
significance ( Burra Chapter).

● RESTORATION
● PRESERVATION
● MAINTENANCE

SIGNIFICANCE ​- The value of heritage to past, present and future generations.

● Aesthetic
● Historical
● Scientific
● Social

CULTURAL HERITAGE​ - An expression of the ways of living developed by a community and

passed on through generations.

a.) TANGIBLE
Movable: paintings, sculptures, coins, etc.
Immovable: monuments, archaeological sites, etc.
b.) INTANGIBLE
Oral traditions, performing arts, rituals, etc.

NATURAL HERITAGE​ - PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL, GEOLOGICAL

.

WHY CONSERVE?
For Authenticity & Integrity
1) Authenticity​ - The measure of heritage resources being truly what it is claimed to be.
2) Integrity​ - The measure of wholeness & intactness of a heritage resource and its
attributes to secure, sustain, and convey its significance.

AUTHENTICITY AND INTEGRITY OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES

Outstanding universal values (OUVS)

RECONSTRUCTION - ​Distinguished from restoration by the introduction of new materials.

ADAPTIVE REUSE - ​Changing a place to suit the existing use or a proposed use.
RELOCATION -​ Only taken as a last resort
- Exhausted in China Principles
- Done due to infrastructure redevelopment or climate change

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PHILIPPINE HERITAGE BILL, 2000

RA 10066 - HERITAGE LAW

CHARTERS
● Venice Charter
● Burra Charter
● Narra Charter
● Washington Charter
● Zimbabwe Charter
● China Principles

PRINCIPLES - ​Moral or ethical standards

AUTHENTICITY - ​Original characteristics of cultural heritage and its meaning

- Expressed in concept of truth with no grounds for doubt

IDENTITY - ​A way to belong and participate, how we are capable of finding a place, name, and
image by discovering links

INTEGRITY ​- Long term viability

CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE -​ Qualities that make a place significant

- Refers not just to the physical fabric
- Must encompass towards the future

DEGREE OF SIGNIFICANCE
1. Rarity -
2. Representativeness -

ASSOCIATION - ​Special connection between people and places

AESTHETIC VALUE - ​Exhibiting particular aesthetic characteristics

HISTORIC VALUE - ​Influenced by a historic figure

INTERPRETATION - ​all the ways presenting the significance

SOCIAL VALUE - ​significant through association

RELIGIOUS VALUE - ​spiritual & religious practice

SCIENTIFIC/TECHNOLOGICAL VALUE -

CHANGE - ​Necessary to retain cultural significance, undesirable when it reduces cultural

significance

BUILT HERITAGE
1. Weathering
2. Aging Process
3. Consumption by use
4. Risk of earthquakes
5. Armed Conflict
6. Desertion
7. Destruction

CONSERVATION​ - An act to stabilize the condition of materials in order to ​preserve​ them & if
necessary to ​restore​ them to their original form.

Conservation also encompasses ensuring the ​security, safety & survival (SSS)​ of cultural
objects.
- Means all the process of looking after a place

AIMS OF CONSERVATION
To maintain ​authenticity, integrity & aesthetic unity​ of objects without prejudice to the original
intention of the creator of the object.

Preservation vs Restoration
Preservation​ - An act to prevent retard or arrest deterioration.
Restoration​ - An act to bring back a deteriorated object to its ​original form​.
- Returning a place to known earlier state by removing accretions or by
reassembling existing elements without introduction of new materials.
- Supplemented by documentations

PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATION (material aspect)

1) Minimalism​ - The least intervention. “The less you touch the better”.
2) Reversibility​ - The ability to undo what has been done.
3) Compatible Stability​ - The use of materials compatible with & never stronger than the
original material.
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CONSERVATION
Causes of building deterioration
- Water Seepage
- Weathering
- Vegetation

Water Seepage
Efflorescence​ is a crystalline deposit of salts that can form when water is present in or on brick,
concrete, stone, stucco or other building surfaces. It has a white or greyish tint and consists of
salt deposits left behind when water evaporates.

Concrete Spalling ​is the result of water entering brick, concrete, or natural stone. It forces the
surface to peel, pop out, or flake off. It's also known as flaking, especially in limestone.

Spalling happens in concrete because of moisture in the concrete. Moisture — and often salt,
too — pushes outward from the inside in basements especially. Spalling can eventually cause
crumbling and destruction of a structure.

Weathering
Non protective layer
Water streams

Structures can survive if it is subject to continuous maintenance. Key points of maintenance are
the following:
- Roof deck/ deck drains
- Rainwater disposal system
- Plaster to be renewed frequently
- Bases of walls (damaged by rain splash or rising damp)

Plaster as a Sacrificial Protective Layer

If a porous, hydrophilic layer is applied over the masonry, most of the destructive effects of the
environment are concentrated in this layer while the masonry core is protected.

Plaster acts as a sacrificial protection layer and should be renewed periodically when it has lost
its functionality because it is too deteriorated.

Vegetation Growth
1) Herbaceous plants - plants that does not have much wood and its stem are green and
soft.
2) Woody plants - plants that produces wood as its structural tissue.
Control of Vegetation Growth
- Routine de-weeding and removal of vegetation
 - Control vegetation growth using herbicides

The best conservation practice is ​GOOD HOUSEKEEPING.

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