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Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Understand HSPA:
High-Speed Packet Access For UMTS
Telecom Israel
About QUALCOMM University Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
1
Telecom Israel
Where Can I Learn More? Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
UMTS Courses from QUALCOMM University Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
For the latest information on all QUALCOMM University courses, visit www.qualcommuniversity.com.
Understanding HSPA Page 6
2
Telecom Israel
Tutorial Objectives Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Market Drivers Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
HSPA Motivations
3
Telecom Israel
3G Enables Wider Options of Services Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Information
Database access
E-mail/Fax/Web
Location Based Services
Emergency Call Locating
Safety Credit verification …and many
Financial others
Stock trading
Education
Wireless banking
Remote learning
Financial news
Remote library access
Interactive shopping
Remote language laboratory
E-commerce
Telecom Israel
3G (IMT-2000) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Key Features:
• Commonality
• Compatibility
Global Roaming • High quality
• Small terminals
• Worldwide roaming
More Capacity, High Speed Data • Multimedia
CDMA2000 1x • Wide range of services
Medium Speed Data
CDMA2000 1xEV
Capacity/Quality WCDMA
cdmaOne
IS-95B
Roaming Multi-Mode
TDMA cdmaOne
Mobility IS-95A GPRS Multi-Band
GSM
AMPS PDC Multi-Network
1G 2G 2.5G 3G (IMT-2000)
Time
4
Telecom Israel
3G Enables Advanced Data Services Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
3G
MM streaming
ve d
MM sharing
Wireless Evol HSDPA/HSUPA
HSDPA/HSUPA
Broadband Access
Interactive Gaming (Rel5
(Rel5 // Rel6)
Rel6)
VoIP with AMR-WB
Spectral Efficiency
Rich Voice
Video Telephony WCDMA
WCDMA (R99)
(R99) Voice & High Speed Data
Push-to-Talk
Customized
Infotainment EDGE
EDGE
Multimedia Medium Speed Data
Messaging
GPRS
GPRS
Text Messaging
Speech
GSM
GSM Voice & Limited Data
Telecom Israel
HSPA for Higher Speed Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
5
Telecom Israel
UMTS Data Rate Evolution Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Applications Benefiting from HSPA Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
- Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, fine resource
granularity and improved capacity
Delay
Sensitive Video Telephony (in Packet Switched domain)
– Error - Low latency, Quality of Service (QoS) control, high data rates
and improved coverage and capacity
Tolerant
Gaming
- Low latency, fast resource allocation
6
Telecom Israel
Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Part I:
Understanding
HSDPA
Telecom Israel
Review - UMTS Network Architecture Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Node
B Iub
Node
B Iups
RNC SGSN GGSN Internet
Node
B
Node
Mobile B HLR/
USIM Iur
Equipment AuC
Uu Node
B
User Iub
Equipment Node
B Iucs MSC/ PSTN/
RNC GMSC ISDN
Node VLR
B
Node
Core Network
B
UTRAN
7
Telecom Israel
Review - UMTS Protocol Stack Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Review - Release 99 Channels Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
8
Telecom Israel
Review – RRC Modes and States Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Release 99 Principles Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
9
Telecom Israel
DCH/FACH Comparison Summary Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
What will HSDPA Address? Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Minimum TTI of 10 ms
• Slow Rate and Type Switching
10
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Goals Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Enabling Technologies Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
11
Telecom Israel
Common Channel for Data Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
HS-
PDS
C H
Telecom Israel
Multi-Code Operation Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Up to 15 codes
reserved for
HS-PDSCH
transmission
2 ms (3 slots)
User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4
Understanding HSPA Page 41
12
Telecom Israel
Adaptive Modulation and Coding Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Link Adaptation versus Power Control Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Release 99
– Use fast power control with
fixed data rate (DCH)
• HSDPA
– Adapt the modulation and
coding to the link quality
Channel
Fast Link adaptation: quality (C/I)
Switching
Rate #3: e.g. 16-QAM, R=3/4
levels
Rate #2: e.g. QPSK, R=3/4
Rate #1: e.g. QPSK, R=1/2
Rate #2 Rate #1 Rate #2 Rate #3 Rate #2 Rate #1 Rate #2 time
13
Telecom Israel
Scheduling Comparison Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
RELEASE 99 RNC
Scheduling
RLC ARQ
Resource Allocation
RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)
RLC ARQ
Resource Allocation
RELEASE 5 (HSDPA)
Scheduling
Link Adaptation
HARQ Node B
Resource Allocation
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Scheduling and Retransmissions Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Scheduling
– Done at the Node B
– No interaction with the RNC
– Based on channel quality feedback from the UE
• Retransmissions
– HARQ (link level retransmissions)
– Done at the Node B
– Based on UE feedback (ACK/NACK)
– Soft combining at the UE
14
Telecom Israel
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HARQ – Illustration Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
K
K
NA
NA
AC
ss
l
Fai
Pa
15
Telecom Israel
Comparison Summary Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
UMTS Network Architecture with HSDPA Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Node
B Iub
Node
B Iups
RNC SGSN GGSN Internet
Node
B
Node
Mobile B HLR/
USIM Iur
Equipment AuC
Node
Uu B
User Iub
Equipment Node
B MSC/ PSTN/
RNC GMSC ISDN
Node Iucs VLR
Hardware and
B
Software Changes
Node
Core Network
Software Changes B
UTRAN
16
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Protocol Stack Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Channels Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
17
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Channels (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Operation Overview Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
HSDPA Operation
HS-DPCCH 1. Each UE reports channel
HS-DSCH quality on HS-DPCCH.
HS-SCCH
P-CPICH
2. The Node B determines
3dTower.emf
which and when each UE is
Node B to be served.
H
H
SC
C
- D
SC HS
D
H
C
H
S-
PI
C
UE via HS-DSCH.
P-
18
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Channel Operation Timeline Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HS-PDSCH Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
19
Telecom Israel
HS-DPCCH Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
ACK/
NAK CQI
HS-DPCCH
Uplink Channel
2 ms
3 slots
Telecom Israel
HS-SCCH Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
20
Telecom Israel
Data Rate Example Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Question:
Assuming a transport block size of 320 bits, what HSDPA
data rate can be achieved by a single UE using the
channel allocation timing shown above?
Understanding HSPA Page 58
Telecom Israel
Data Rate Example (cont.) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Answer:
320 bits are transmitted every 10 ms, so the maximum
data rate is 32 kbps.
21
Telecom Israel
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data Rate Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Multi-code Transmission Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
22
Telecom Israel
Consecutive Assignments Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
23
Telecom Israel
Lower Coding Gain Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Lower Coding Gain (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
24
Telecom Israel
16-QAM Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Theoretical HSDPA Maximum Data Rate Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Consecutive assignments
– Node B must allocate all time slots to one UE
– UE must decode all transmissions correctly on the first transmission
• 16-QAM
– Requires very good channel conditions
25
Telecom Israel
Inter-TTI Interval Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Inter-TTI Interval = 2
CQI ACK ACK ACK
HS-DPCCH
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH 1
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
HS-PDSCH N
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 ms
Understanding HSPA Page 69
Telecom Israel
Retransmissions Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
HS-SCCH
HS-PDSCH 1
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .
HS-PDSCH 15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 ms
26
Telecom Israel
ACK/NAK Repetitions Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Node B Implementation Considerations Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Node B Considerations
• OVSF Code Allocation
• Power Allocation
• CQI Report Processing
• Scheduler
• HSDPA Cell Re-pointing Procedure
• Compressed Mode
27
Telecom Israel
OVSF Allocation Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
HS-SCCH
SCCPCH
Understanding HSPA Page 73
Telecom Israel
Node B Transmit Power Allocation Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Total available cell power
Total available cell power
28
Telecom Israel
CQI Report Processing Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Node B Scheduler Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
User #1 User #2
User #3 User #4
29
Telecom Israel
HSDPA Cell Re-pointing Procedure Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Performance Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
30
Telecom Israel
Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Part II:
Understanding
HSUPA
Telecom Israel
Release 99 Uplink Packet Data Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
31
Telecom Israel
Release 99 Uplink Limitations Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Large Latency
– Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations of 10/20/40/80 ms
– RNC based retransmissions in case of errors
Telecom Israel
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
32
Telecom Israel
Enhancements Provided by HSUPA Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Reduced Latency
Telecom Israel
How are Enhancements Achieved? Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
33
Telecom Israel
HSUPA vs. HSDPA Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
HSDPA HSUPA
New high-speed Shared Dedicated Channel with
Channel Enhanced Capabilities
Telecom Israel
Rise-over-Thermal Noise Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
34
Telecom Israel
Node B Scheduler for HSUPA Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
overloading and
Node B
all the time maximizing
resource utilization
Telecom Israel
Rise-over-Thermal Loading Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
R6 UL
margin
R99 UL
Target Load
load
35
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Channel Operation Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
HSUPA Operation
1. The UE sends a Transmission
Request to the Node B for getting
resources.
3dTower.emf
2. The Node B responds to the UE with
T Node B a Grant Assignment, allocating
AN
EQ
/N
AT
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
1. Transmission Request
The UE requests data
transmission by means of the
Scheduling Information (SI),
which is determined according
the UE Power and Buffer Data
availability.
The scheduling information is
sent in-band to the Node B.
36
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
2. Grant Assignment
The Node B determines the
UE Grant by monitoring
Uplink interference (RoT at
the receiver), and by
considering the UE
transmission requests and
level of satisfaction.
The grant is signaled to the
UE by new grant channels.
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
3. Data Transmission
The UE uses the received
grant and, based on its power
and data availability, selects
the E-DCH Transport Format
and the corresponding
Transmit Power.
Data are transmitted by the UE
on together with the related
control information.
37
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Channel Operation (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
4. Data Acknowledgment
The Node B attempts to
decode the received data
and indicates to the UE with
ACK/NAK if successful.
If no ACK is received by the
UE, the data may be
retransmitted.
Telecom Israel
UMTS Network Architecture with HSUPA Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Node
B Iub
Node
B Iups
RNC SGSN GGSN Internet
Node
B
Node
Mobile B HLR/
USIM Iur
Equipment AuC
Node
Uu B
User Iub
Equipment Node
B MSC/ PSTN/
RNC GMSC ISDN
Node Iucs VLR
Hardware and
B
Software Changes
Node
Core Network
Software Changes B
UTRAN
38
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Protocol Stack Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Uplink Channels Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
39
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Downlink Channels Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Channel Mapping Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Rel. 99
Rel. 5
Rel. 6
40
Telecom Israel
Uplink Channels Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
E-DPDCH
• Carries the payload. HD PAYLOAD SI
Telecom Israel
Downlink Channels Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
E-AGCH
• The absolute grant carries maximum
allowed E-DPDCH/DPCCH ratio.
• Carries information that controls HARQ
process.
E-HICH
ACK/NAK
• Gives feedback to the UE about previous
data transmission, carrying Acknowledge
(ACK) or Not Acknowledge (NAK).
TTI
Understanding HSPA Page 103
41
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Channel Timing Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Features (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Shorter TTI of 2 ms
– In HSUPA both 10 ms and 2 ms TTI are supported
– A shorter TTI allows reduction of the latency and increasing
the average and peak cell throughput
– A tighter resource control can be implemented, thus allowing
for additional capacity
42
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Features (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Hybrid-ARQ
– N-channel Stop-and-Wait
(SAW) protocol, with E-DCH cells part
of the Active Set
4 processes for 10 ms TTI
and 8 processes for 2 ms
TTI 3dTower.emf
3dTower.emf
Node B
– Synchronous Node B
retransmission
TA
DA
– Separate HARQ feedback
NA
K
K
DA
AC
is provided per Radio-Link
TA
Understanding HSPA Page 106
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Features (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Rate Request
• The UE requests grant for data transmission
Rate Control
• The UTRAN controls the grants for transmission on Uplink
– Scheduled transmissions granted by the Node B for high speed data
– Non-Scheduled transmissions granted by the RNC for delay-sensitive
applications
Load Control
• The UTRAN monitors Rise-over-Thermal (RoT) noise at the
Node B receiver.
– UTRAN prevents overloading by reducing scheduled grants to UEs
43
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Features (continued) Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
E-DCH Active Set and Mobility Support Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Node B
Serving scheduler.
E-DCH cell
Non-Serving
Radio Links (RL)
• Serving (E-DCH) RLS – Set of cells
that contain at least the serving cell
and from which the
UE can receive and combine the
serving RGCH.
44
Telecom Israel
HSUPA Serving Cell Change Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Active Set Composition with HSUPA Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
…
…
…
45
Telecom Israel
Theoretical HSUPA Maximum Data Rate Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
• Multi-code transmission
– UE can use up to 4 codes, 2 with SF4 plus 2 with SF2
– Require some power back-off at UE side
• Shorter TTI
– Requires higher processing capabilities at terminal and Node B
Understanding HSPA Page 113
Telecom Israel
E-DPDCH with SF4 and Puncturing Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
46
Telecom Israel
Lower Spreading Factor SF2 Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Telecom Israel
Multi-code Transmission Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
47
Telecom Israel
HSUPA UE Capabilities Technical Tutorial
University November 7th, 2006
Max number of
E-DCH Minimum Supported Peak rate for Peak rate for
E-DPDCH
Category SF TTI TTI = 10 ms* TTI = 2 ms
channels
* Maximum Peak data rate for 10 ms E-DCH TTI operation is 2 Mbps in all configurations
Understanding HSPA Page 117
48