Mixing, handling, placing and compacting

concrete

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 Mixers
– Tilting drum mixers
– Non-tilting drum mixers
– Pan-type mixers
– Dual drum mixers
– Continuous mixers

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 Charging the Mixer
• place small portion of the water into the
mixer to clean the drum walls of any
concrete left from the previous mix;
 charge half the volume of coarse gravel.
The gravel will also assist in cleaning the
inner surfaces of the drum;
 add the prescribed amount of sand and
finer gravel;
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 add the cement;
 add the remainder of the coarse gravel;
 mix dry for one minute;
 when the aggregate and the cement have
been thoroughly mixed, add the remaining
quantity of water & m i x we t for a not her
t wo minutes
• If water or cement fed too fast or is
too hot, cement balls will form.

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 Uniformity of Mixing
Differences of two samples should not exceed
any of the following:
• Density of concrete: 16 kg/m3
• Air content: 1 per cent
• Slump: 25 mm when average is less than 100
mm; 40 mm when average is 100 – 150 mm.
• % of aggregate retained on 5 mm sieve: 6

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 Differences of two samples should not
exceed any of the following:
• Density of air free-mortar: 1.6 %

• Compressive strength (average 7-day value of

3 cylinders): 7.5%

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For a suitable performance test of mixers, tests are made on
two samples from each quarter of a batch, and each sample is
subjected to wet analysis to determine:

• Water content as % of solids (to 0.1%)

• Fine aggregate content as % of total aggregate
(to 0.5%)
• Cement as % of total aggregate (to 0.01%)
• Water/cement ratio (to 0.01).

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 Mixing Time
Capacity of mixer (m3) Mixing time (minutes)
0.8 1
1.5 1¼
2.3 1½
3.1 1¾
3.8 2
4.6 2¼
7.6 3¼
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 Handling
• There are many methods to transport
concrete from one place to another.
• Methods should be economical & concrete
quality should be maintained.

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CONTROL OF SEGGREGATION ON DISCHARGE OF CONCRETEFROM A MIXER
(based on ACI Manual of Concrete Practice)

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 CONTROL OF SEGGREGATION IN DISCHARGE OF CONCRETE
FROM A HOOPER (based on ACI Manual of Concrete Practice)

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 Pumped concrete
• Large quantities of concrete can be transported by
means of a pump to location where access is not
easy.

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Direct-acting concrete pump

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Squeeze-type concrete pump

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CONTROL OF SEGGREGATION AT THE END OF CONCRETE CHUTES

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Placing concrete from bugies
(based on ACI Manual of Concrete Practice)

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PLACING CONCRETE IN A DEEP WALL
(based on ACI Manual of Concrete Practice)

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Placing on a sloping surface
(based on ACI Manual of Concrete Practice)

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