SNCR Training – Part 1

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.
Part 1 – SNCR & NOx

Agenda

1. What is SNCR?
2. What is NOx?
3. Where does it come from?
4. Why must it be removed?
5. SNCR Chemistry

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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1. What is SNCR ?

SNCR = Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides in Flue

Gasses
= Thermal NOx Reduction (no Catalyst involved).

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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2. What is NOx ?

NO = Nitric Oxide (app. 97 - 99%)

NO2 = Nitrogen Dioxide (app. 1 – 2%)

N2O4 ….= other nitrogen oxides (rest)

N2O = Nitrous Oxide = Laugh Gas (not part of the NOx family)

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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3. Where does it come from ?

There are two main paths to NOx formation in a cement plant

From atmospheric N2 (mainly “thermal NOx”):

>1500 °C
N2 + O2 NO

From fuel bound N (“fuel NOx”):

NO
Fuel-N + O2

N2

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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3. Where does it come from ? Raw meal

Sources of NOx
(ILC Kiln system) Preheater
(N in raw meal may
solid
form or reduce
gas NOx)
fuel

Calciner
( “reburning” and
fuel NOx formation)
60 %
Clinker Kiln (thermal NOx)
cooler
40 %

Air
The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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4. Why must it be removed ?

 Acid Rain, harmful to the environment

 Nitrification of water bodies

 Ozone depletion

 Required by law

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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5. SNCR Chemistry

General Reduction

2NO  2H 2  N 2  2H 2O

CO2  H 2  CO  H 2O

Selective Reduction

6NO  4NH3  5N 2  6H 2O

(4NH3  3O2  2N 2  6H 2O)

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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5. SNCR Chemistry

Desirable Reactions
6NO  4NH3  5N 2  6H 2 O SR  2/3

4NO  4NH3  O 2  4N 2  6H 2 O SR 1
Increasing
temperature
6NO  8NH3  3O 2  7N 2  12H 2 O SR  4/3

2NO  4NH3  2O 2  3N 2  6H 2 O SR  2

( SR  Stoichiome tric Ratio  NH3 / NO )

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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5. SNCR Chemistry

Undesirable Reactions – High temperature

4NH3  3O 2  2N 2  6H 2 O

Increasing
4NH3  5O 2  4NO  6H 2 O temperature

4NH3  7O 2  4NO2  6H 2 O

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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5. SNCR Chemistry

Undesirable Reactions – Low temperature

Too low temperature => Ammonia slip

Ammonia slip is undesirable as it could give rise to side reactions
with other flue gas constituents, such as:

NH3  SO 3  H 2 O  NH 4 HSO 4 Ammonium bisulphate

2NH3  SO 3  H 2 O  (NH4 ) 2 SO 4 Ammonium sulphate

NH3  HCl  NH 4 Cl Ammonium chloride

The information contained or referenced in this presentation is confidential and proprietary to FLSmidth and is protected by copyright or trade secret laws.

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